Mali RY ; i Salt ae PEN iy SS_= FZ if Mf My! i —— ZA = ZEEE Ge Gi hewes Lye SLL ee BO@Ie GF. ANTELOPES. BY PHILIP LUTLEY SCLATER, M.A., Po.D., FE.BS., SECRETARY TO THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, AND OLDFIELD THOMAS, F.Z.8., F.R.G.S8:, ASSISTANT IN THE ZOOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM. IN FOUR VOLUMES (1894—1900). VOL. I. LONDON: R. H. PORTER, 7 PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, W. 1894—1900. — CO ee Dod ALERE PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, ‘ . RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. Mt « Dedicated TO THE MEMORY oF sik VICTOR ALEXANDER BROOKE, Barr., NATURALIST AND SPORTSMAN (Born 5th January, 1848, died 27th November, 1891), BY HIS FRIENDS AND FELLOW-WORKERS, Wine © fe 1 lal Ounets: PREFACE. A sort Introduction, stating the general plan of this work, was given in the first number of ‘The Book of Antelopes, published in August 1894. On completing the work by the issue of the last Part it has been determined by the Authors to explain its origin and object a little more fully, and this portion of the task has been intrusted to me. It should be quite understood, in the first place, that, as has been stated in the Introduction, the original conception of the work is due to the genius and energy of the late Sir Victor Brooke, under whose supervision the greater number of the plates and other illustrations were prepared, and I need hardly say that it is greatly regretted by the authors that Sir Victor did not live to carry out his plan. Sir Victor was elected a Fellow of the Zoological Society of London in 1864, at which time I knew him only as an ardent sportsman, much attached to Natural History. Some time in the year 1870, I think it was, he called upon me at my office, and stated that he had been attending Sir William (then Professor) Flower’s lectures at the College of Surgeons, and had quite determined to commence serious work in Natural History, being deeply interested in that subject. After talking over the matter with him for some time it was suggested that the Ruminant Mammals, with many of which Sir Victor as a sportsman was well acquainted, offered an excellent subject for work, and I promised that I would take every opportunity that fell in my way of putting at his disposal specimens of this vi PREFACE. class. I was, of course, delighted at getting a recruit for Natural History of such energy and ability. JI may mention here that amongst other questions which I asked him at this interview was whether he knew German, as without a knowledge of that language it would be impossible for anyone in these days to do good work in Natural Science. Sir Victor in reply regretted his ignorance of this language, but stated that he should set to work and learn it at once. A few months afterwards I found to my surprise that he had kept his word, and was already abie to translate passages in the German authorities to which he had occasion to refer. I may add that I have given the same advice more than once to other would-be students of Natural History, but that I never recollect it having been followed with such immediate and successful results. From my position at the Zoological Society and from the aid received from numerous correspondents in all parts of the world, I had little difficulty from the first in providing my much-esteemed friend with materials for his studies, and in the beginning of 1871 had the pleasure of putting at his disposal some notes and materials concerning the Antelopes of the genus Tragelaphus. Upon these was based the excellent paper on that genus read by Sir Victor before the Zoological Society on the 16th of May of that year, the first of a series of essays on this and kindred subjects. Four similar papers, as will be seen by reference to the Zoological Society's ‘ Proceedings,’ followed in 1872, three in 1874, and others in succeeding years, until 1878, when, I regret to say, they came to an abrupt conclusion. ‘The last of the series was one of an extremely useful and important character, containing, as it did, a complete essay on the classification of the Deer-family and a synopsis of the existing species, which, until recently, has remained our leading authority upon this difficult group of Mammals. During the whole of this time also Sir Victor had been engaged in collecting specimens, and in having drawings made by Wolf and put upon the stone by Smit, for a complete work on the Bovine animals which he had planned out and proposed to write. After 1878, PREFACE. Vii however, other matters intervened and sadly interfered with my friend’s studies in Natural History. Sir Victor changed his habitual residence to Pau, and though I now saw him occasionally in London on his way from France to his home in Ireland, I could never induce him to continue his former researches, although he always assured me that he was still devoted to Natural Science and was determined to return to it eventually. Circumstances, however, prevented him from carrying his wishes into effect. In November 1891, when still in the prime of life, Sir Victor died, leaving his great work still unfinished, and represented mainly by a series of over a hundred lithographic plates, which, as already mentioned in the Introduction, have formed the basis of the present work. The MSS. which were also kindly placed at my disposal by the family, not having been touched for nearly fifteen years, were in such an incomplete state that it was impossible to utilize them. Upon pointing out this to his son, the present Sir Douglas Brooke, he was good enough to assure me that his only wish was that the best possible use for Science should be made of the whole of the materials accumulated by his father. Acting upon this understanding I undertook to prepare the letter- press of an entirely new work on the Antelopes, using such of Sir Victor's plates as I could employ for its illustration. Such was the origin of the present work, now happily brought to a close after a period of six years, during which it has occupied no unimportant part of my leisure time. Even so it would not have been possible for me to have accomplished it without the able assistance of my excellent friend Mr. Oldfield Thomas, of the British Museum. It was, of course, of the greatest advantage to the work that Thomas was already familiarly acquainted with the subject, and had, moreover, under his charge the unrivalled series of specimens of Mammals contained in our National Collection. Although Thomas and I consider ourselves, of course, jointly responsible for all the statements in this work, every line of which has undergone the supervision of both authors, I may state that Thomas’s chief part of the task Vili PREFACE. was, as agreed between us, to be the synonymy and scientific descriptions, and my speciality the preparation of the ordinary letterpress. I must also not omit to mention that as regards the much-vexed subject of Zoological Nomenclature my friend and I are not in perfect accord, as he takes a more severe view of the rule of priority than I am disposed to adopt. There has, therefore, been necessarily a little ‘‘ give and take” on each side as to the names to be adopted in this work. For these latter, in so far as they may be held to contravene the strict laws of nomenclature, Thomas desires to disclaim— as I am willing to accept—all responsibility. It should also be mentioned that during the issue of the last volume Thomas’s somewhat serious illness and consequent absence from his post in London has compelled him to relegate some of his share in the present work to Mr. R. I. Pocock, of the British Museum, who, I need hardly say, has most efficiently assisted me in finishing the task and to whom I hereby tender my most sincere thanks. I must also not forget to record the names of other friends and corre- spondents who have materially assisted us in the preparation of the ‘ Book of Antelopes. Amongst these I must specially mention Herr Matschie, of the Natural History Museum of Berlin, who has kindly furnished many notes on the collection of Mammals under his charge in that Institution; nor must I forget the names of Mr. F. C. Selous, Herr Oscar Neumann, Mr. S. L. Hinde, Mr. F. V. Kirby, Capt. H, G. C. Swayne, Mr. Ernest Gedge, Sir Harry Johnston, K.0.B., Mr. R. Crawshay, Mr. Alfred Sharpe, Sir John Kirk, Mr. I. E. Blaauw, Mr. F. J, Jackson, Major F. C. Trollope, Dr. E. Biichner, Mr. E. Buxton, Mr. J. I. 8. Whitaker, Sir Edmund Loder, Mr. A. E. Pease, Mr. Lort Phillips, Mr, T. W. H. Clarke, Mr. J. ffolliott Darling, Mr. John Millais, Mr. W. E. de Winton, and my son Mr. W. L. Sclater, Director of the South African Museum, Capetown, to all of whom, on behalf of Thomas and myself, I wish to tender our most heartfelt thanks for their kind assistance. PREFACE. DX Finally, 1 may mention that this work has been issued in parts at the following dates :— Part I. BupaLipIn@ ......... Aug. 1894 By. so; (MAS eee Jan. 1895 Ill. CerwaLopHine ...... May 1895 BY: sche Sept. 1895 We NmornAGINa® ......... Jan. 1896 VI. CEeRVICAPRINE ...... Aug. 1896 VII. a ee Jan. 1897 VIII. ee Lee Mar. 1897 PX. ANTILOPINE .-22..::. Aug. 1897 Part X. ANTILOPINE xele 0, XIII. Hrerorracina: XIV. XV. TRraGELAPHIN« XVI. al 3) 7 Feb. 1898 June 1898 . Feb. 1899 ... May 1899 ._ Jan. 1900 . Aug. 1900 The date attached to the letterpress at the end of each article is, as nearly as possible, that ai which it was finished and corrected for the press. 3 Hanover Square, London, W. June Ist, 1900. VOL. I. 1% Jb Sh b SO Nee IN 1s. *k--——— VOL. I. TITLEPAGE DEDICATION PREFACE CoNTENTS . List oF InLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT ALPHABETICAL List OF ABBREVIATIONS INTRODUCTION . : Subfamily I. BUBALIDINZ Genus I. BUBALIS >) 52-6 6 OMe eG cone Tue Buspar. Bubalis buselaphus (Pall.). [Plate I.j . . Tue Westr-Arrican Busat. B. major (Blyth). Tue Tora. B. tora (Gray) Se pe aRe . Swayye’s Harrespeesr. B. swaynei, Scl. [Plate II.] Coxe’s Hartzsesst. B. cokei (Giinth.). [Plate III.] Tue Cape Harreperst. B. cuama (G. Cuv.). [Plate IV.] . Jackson’s Harrepersr. B.yjacksoni, Thos... . . . ew he TN 8. LicurensTeIn’s Harrepesst. B. lichtensteini (Peters). [Plate V.] . Genus I]. DaMaLIscus n° g.g oes pee RO Iara ere 9. Hunver’s AnteLore. Damaliscus hunteri (Scl.). [Plate VI.]. 10. Tue Korrieum. D. korrigum (Ogilb.). [Plate VII.] . 11. Tue Trane. D. tiang (Heugl.) . Noe tae 12. Tue Tori. D. jimela (Matsch.) . pia eee 13. Tue Boyrezox. D. pygargus (Pall.). {Plate VIII.) 14. Tue Buzsszox. VD. albifrons (Burch.). [Plate IX.] . 15. Tue Sassapy. D. lunatus (Burch.). [Plate X.] Genus II]. ConnocHezTEs . 2 SOE ae ahi es 16. Tue Brinpiep Gnu. Connocheetes taurinus (Burch.). [Plate XI.] 17. Toe Wuire-pearpeD Guu. C. albojubatus, Thos. . : : 18. Tap WairE-raiteD Guu. C. gnu (Zimm.). [Plate XII.] . 73 xi CONTENTS. Subfamily II. CEPHALOPHIN Genus I. CEPHALOPHUS. 19. Tue YELLOW-BACKED Duncan. ‘OLE Tins syluicultriv (Afz.). [Plates XIII. & XIV. fig. 2.) ai cee: Neoecs rake UCre pean ameter 20. JENTINK’s DurKEr. C. jentinki, Thos. [Plate XV.] 21. Asporr’s Duiker. C. spadiv, True See Gwin 16 4 22. Tue Natap Durker. C. natalensis, A. Smith. [Plate XVI.]. 23. Harvey’s Duicer. C. harveyi, Thos. [Plate XVII] . SF nee 24. Tun Brack-rronrep Dutker. C. nigrifrons, Gray. [Plate XVIII. fig. 1.] 25. Tue Wuirn-BeLLinp Durker. C. leucogaster, Gray 26. Tue Bay Durxnr. C. dorsalis, Gray. {Plate XIX. fig. o 27. Oarnsy’s Durker. C. ogilbyi, Waterh. [Plate XVIII. fig. 2.] 28. Prerers’s DuikEr. C. callipygus, Pet. Metis feo po a oe 29. Tus Rev-roanxep Durker. CO. rufilatus, Gray. [Plate XIX. fig. 1.] . 30, Tue BanpEp Duiker. C. dorie (Ogilb.). [Plate XX.] : 31. THe Brack Duixer. C. niger, Gray. [Plate XIV. fig.1.] . . 32, Maxwetn’s Durkur. OC. mavwelli, H. Sm. [Plate XXI. fig. 2.] . 33. THE Buack-ruMPED DuikER. OC. melanorheus, Gray . 34. Tun Ucanpa Durker. C. equatorialis, Matseh. . . - oe i ae 35. THe Buus Durker. C. monticola (Thunb.). [Plate XXI. fiz. J) beta. tr 36. TH Crownep Durker. C. coronatus, Gray. [Plate XXII. fig.2.). . . 37. Tur AByssinIAN Durker. C. abyssinicus, Thos. [Plate XXII. fig. 1.] 38. Tur Common Durkser. C. grimmi (Linn.). [Plate XXIII] . Genus a TETRACEROS ae ae a ¢ Aes ° 39. Tur Four-HORNED Ammeanam, Tetraceros vedi icornis Gait. ). | Plate XXIV. ] VOL, Ik. Subfamily WI. NEOTRAGIN® ...... Genus lL ORBOTRAGUS eee ee oh oes gd 40. Tux Kurrserincer. Oreotragus saltator (Bodd.). [Plate XXV.] Genus Il. OUREBIA Eee ecw seete a. o : . 41. Tun Cape OriBi. Ourebia scoparia (Schreb.) 42, Perers’s Onis. O. hastuta ( Pet.) : er 43. TH GAMBIAN ORIBI. O. nigricuudata (heslee. “(Bhat XXVI.| 44, THz ABYSSINIAN OrRIBI. O. montana (Cretzschin.) 45. Hacearps Ori, O. hagyardi (Thos.) . Mi Ill. RaPHICERUS 5 6. Tun Gryspox. Ltaphicerus pelincts unos (Plate XXVIL # ig. 2) i Tun Sreinpox. &. campestris (Thunb.). [Plate XXVII. fig. 1.] 48. Nrumann’s Stemnpox. &. newmanni (Matscb.) Genus LV. NESONRAGUS rr ee we eS Cy Gehl uh oS Ge oc 49, Tue ZanziBar ANTELOPE. Nesotragus moschatus, von Dib. [Plate XXVIIL.] 50. Livinestone’s AntELorE. WN. livingstonianus, Kirk . . . . CONTENTS. Subfamily III. NEOTRAGIN © (continued). Genus V. NEOTRAGUS 51. Tuy Royat AnrELopE. Neotragus pygmeus (Linn.). [Plate XXIX.] . Genus VI. Mapoqua = ee eee Sie ba ome 52. Saut’s Dix-pix. Madoqua saltiana (Blainv.). {Plate XXX.] 53. Swaynn’s Dig-pik. VW. swaynet, Thos. es ec 54. Purourrs’s Dix-pik. WM. phillipsi, Thos. [Plate XX XI. fig. 2.]. 55. THe Damaran Dix-pix. JV. damarensis (Giinth.) 56. Kirk's Dix-pix. WW. kirki (Ginth.) Fee ee ee en aa 7. GintruEr’s Drx-pix. WV. quentheri, Thos. [Plate XXXI. fig. 1.] Subfamily IV. CERVICAPRINE Genus I. Costs 58. Tue Common Warersuck. Cobus ellipsiprymnus (Ogilby). [Plate XXXIT.] 59. THe Sine-stne. C. unctwosus (Laurill.). [Plate XXXIITI.] 60. CrawsHay’s WaterBuck. C. crawshayi, Scl. [Plate XXXIV.] . 61. Penrice’s Watersuck. C. penricei, Rothsch. [Plate XXXV.] . 62. THe Derassa Watersuck. C. defassa (Riipp.). [Plate XXXVI.] . 63. Mrs. Gray’s WatERBUcK. C. maria, Gray. [Plate XXXVII.]. 64. THe Wuire-zarep Kor. C. leucotis (Licht. et Pet.). [Plate XXXVIII.] 65. Tuomas’s Koz. C. thomasi, Neumann. [Plate XXXIX.] 66. Burron’s Koz. C.kob(Erxl.). [Plate XL.] . 67. Tue Poxu. (@. vardoni (Livingst.). [Plate XLI.} 68. THe Seyea Kos. C. senganus, sp. n. sg 69. Tue Lecnee. C. lechee (Gray). [Plate XLII.] Genus I]. CERVICAPRA . 3%) O20 8) oo Gh MRE iD ee ees ae 70. Tue Reepscck. Cervicapra arundinum (Bodd.). [Plate XLILI.| Zien DOHOEe Cs Oobor(HUpp.) =. - 2. . 2 6 2 « «© 6 i2. Tue Nagor. C.redunca (Pall.). [Plate XLIV.]. .. . 73. Tue Ror Ruézox. C. fulvorwfula (Afzel.). [Plate XLV. } 74. CHaNLER’s RespBuck. C. chanleri, Rothsch. . clas Genus II]. PELEA MUTT ES Cen a hy sy 75. Tue Vast Rutevox. Pel-a capreolus (Bechst.). [Plate XLVI.] . VOL. IIl- Subfamily V. ANTILOPINE . Genus I. ANTILOPE 5 & o 6 SEDNS Mio, been omen nae mn 76. THe Brack-puck. Antilope cervicapra (Linn.). {Plate XLVII.] Genus Il. AEP YcEROS og Bb ce (6 Dice one eee ene 77. Tue Patan. Apyceros melampus (Licht.). {Plate XLVLIIL.} 78. THe ANGOLAN PaLian. 4. petersi, Bocage Fer he Genus III. Sarea © og (2 EI Bt en eee ee er 79. Tue Sates. Suiya tatarica (Linn.). [Plate XLIX.] _ . X1V CONTENTS. Subfamily V. ANTILOPIN & (continued). Genus IV. PaNnTHOLOPS . : Aen Ne ty 80. Tur Cuiru. Pantholops otigaons (Abel). [Plate L.] rai j er, Wc. cree . Tue SPRINGBUCK. Manone ar ee Cimeney [Plate LI.]}. phaea acn ee ees ea 58 ola Sa? Be 82. THe Treetan Ghee Gazella picticaudata (Hodgs.). {Plate LII.} 83. PRZEWALSKI’S GAZELLE. G. przewalskit, Biichn. [Plate LILI. }. 84. THe MonGonian GazeLin. G. gutturosa (Pall.). [Plate LIV.]. 85. THe Persian GazELLe. G. subgutturosa (Gild.). [Plate LV.] . 86. Tur Marica GazELLy. G. marica, Thos. [Plate LVI.] . 87. Tur Dorcas GazeLttn. G. dorcas (Linn.). [Plate LVII.] 88. Tue Epmi GazELLe. G. cuviert (Ogilby). [Plate LVIII.] 89. THE ARABIAN GAZELLE. G. arabica (Licht.). [Plate LIX.] . 90. Tue Inpian Gazniin. G. bennetti (Sykes). [Plate LX.] . 91. Spexn’s Gazer. G. spekei, Blyth. [Plate LXI.]. 92. PELzELn’s GazeLLE. G. pelzelni, Kohl. [Plate LXII.] 93. LopEr’s GAZELLE. G. leptoceros (F. Cuv.). [Plate LXIII.] . 94. Tu Isapetna GazELLE. G. isabella, Gray. [Plate LXIV.]. 95. THe Muscat GAZELLE. G. muscatensis, Brooke. [Plate LXV. ] 96. HxueGuin’s GAZELLE. G. tilonura (Heugl.). [Plate LXVI.]}. 97. THe Rep-rRoNrED GAZELLE. G. rufifrons, Gray. [Plate LXVI] 98. THe Rurous GazEvue. G. rufina, Thos. : 99. THomson’s GAZELLE. G. thomsoni, Giinth. [Plate XVIII. j 100. Granv’s GazELLE. G. granti, Brooke. [Plate LXIX. | 101. Parers’s GazELLE. Gt. peterst, Giinth. 102. THe Banpep GAzELLE. CG. notata, Thos. 103. SOEMMERRING’S GAZELLE. G. soemmerringi (Guts . [Plate LXX. | 104. Tie Rep-Neckep GazeLLE. G. ruficollis (Ham. Smith). ae DeXT,] 105. Tue Dama GazELtin. G.dama (Pall.) . 106. THe Muorr Gazer. G. mhorr (Benn.). [Plate LXXII. i Genus VII. AMMODORCAS 5 Pood c 107. Tun Diparac. Ammodorcas The (Thos. ) [Plate LXXHTJ. Genus VIII. LirHocraniwvs . ‘ {os pee ee 108. Tur GrrnnvK. Lithocranius ‘uatlen (Brooke) (Plate LXXIV.] . Genus IX. DorcoTRaGus , Pe) Fs 109. THE Berra. Dorcotragus meget (iienee [Plate L¥XV.] . VOL. IV. Subfamily VI. HIPPOTRAGIN A Genus I. HIPPOTRAGUS. 110. Tue BLUE-BUCK. Haanonas agus higopiien (Pall.). [Plate LXXV1] . 111. Tue Roan Anvetovr. HH. equinus (Desm.). [Plates LXXVII. & LXXVIII. 1% 112. Tun Sapte AnTELoPE, AH. niger (Harr.). [Plates LXXIX. & LXXX.]. Page 43 Or We 13 31 CONTENTS. Subfamily VI. HIPPOTRAGIN A (continued). Genus IT. ORYx. 0 0 & eS) Sha ght Oeee meee ane eee mn 113. THe Levcoryx. Oryx leucoryx (Licht.). [Plate LXXXI.] . 114. Tue Beatrix ANTELOPE. O. beatrix, Gray. [Plate LXXXII.]. 115. THe Geuszpor. O. gazella (Linn.). [Plate LXXXIII.] 116. Tue Betsa. O. beisa (Riipp.). [Plate LXXXIV.]. .. . 117. THe Turrep Betsa. O. callotis, Thomas. [Plate LXXXV.]. pence DOE. 22, DA. ceeg ee ee Te 118. Tue Appax. Addax naso-maculatus (Blainv.). [Plate LXXXVI.} Subfamily VII. TRAGELAPHINE . Genus I. BOSELAPHUS Cr eee he a GE ks 119. Tue Nineat. Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas). (Plate LXXXVII.] . Genus II. TRAGELAPHUS ME Ee Pe Se ks 120. Tue Decuna Anrenopn. Tragelaphus decula (Riipp.). [Plate LXXXVILL.] 121. Tue Harnessep ANTELOPE. 1’, scriptus (Pallas). [Plate LXXXIX.] 122. THe Cape Bususuck. YT. sylvaticus (Sparrm.). [Plate XC. fig. 2.] 123. Cummine’s Busupuck. T’. rowaleynet (Cumming). [Plate XC. fig. 1.] 124, DELamprRE’s BusHpuck. TT’. delameret, Pocock 20 ok Ig eee 125. THe BRoap-HoRNED ANTELOPE. JT’. ewrycerus (Ogilby). [Plate XCI.] 126. Angas’ ANTELOPE. T. angasi, Angas. [Plate XCII.] Genus II]. Limnorraeus. Shh Mage ce eel ae ag 127. Spexe’s Siratunea. Limnotragus spekii (Sclater). [Plate XCIII.] 128. SzLous’s Srratunea. L. selousi (Rothsch.). [Plate XCIV.] . 129. Tue Conean Srratunea. L. gratus (Sclater). [Plate XCV. | Genus IV. STREPSICEROS RE ar eT Oe Mec Comte Gh te 130. THe Greater Kupu. Strepsiceros capensis (A. Smith). [Plate XCVI.} . 131. Tue Lesser Kupv. S. imberbis, Blyth. [Plate XCVII.] Se Genus V. TAUROTRAGUS 2 6 dae cof Sek Ed oe a rc 132. THe Evanp. Taurotragus oryx (Pall.). [Plates XCVIII. & XCIX.] . 133. THe Derpian Evann. T. derbianus (Gray). [Plate C.] . ‘ APPENDIX. List OF THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF ANTELOPES DESCRIBED AS NEW DURING THE PROGRESS OF THIS WORK . InpEx oO MO TAIN pS Oo Or CS 8 IW Ost rH iS o Pot Ore hEEUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT. VOL. la, 16. Horns of Bubalis major : le, 1d. Horns and skull of Bubalis major . 2. Head of Bubalis tora . 3. Skull of Bubalis swaynei . 4a. Horns of Bubalis cokei, front view 46. Horns of Bubalis coke. side view. 4c, Horns of Bubalis cokei, front view 5. Front view of head of Jackson’s Hartebeest 6a. Skull of Bubalis lichtensteum, S . 66. Skull of Bubalis lichtensteini, Q . 7 a. Head of Damaliscus hunteri 7 6. Skull and horns of Damaliscus hunteri, 3 ad. 7c. Skull and horns of Damaliscus hunteri, 2 ad. 8. Skull of Damaliscus tiang, 2 9. Skull of Damaliscus jimela, from Lamu. . . 9a. Head of Damaliscus jimela, from Malindi . 10. Damaliseus pygargus . 11. Damaliseus albifrons 12. Head of supposed hybrid Peneen a eatiene anne a Hiniele caama . 13. Adult Brindled Gnu é 14. Skull of Connochetes albojubatus, 3 15. Young White-tailed Gnu (five months ald 15a. Young White-tailed Gnu (eight months old). 156. Horns of young Gnu (11 weeks old) 15¢. Horns of young Gnu (19 months old) . 16. Skull of Cephalophus sylvicultria, ad. . 16a. Skull of Cephalophus sylvicultria, jr. VOL. I. Page 12 13 18 24 28 29 30 43 49 50 54 55 590 64 69 69 ae 82 90 98 106 115 116 118 118 128 129 Xvill LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT. 17. Head of Harvey’s Duiker 18. Skull of Cephalophus nigrifrons . 19. Skull of Cephalophus rufilatus, jr. 20. Skull of Cephalophus maxwelli . 21. Skull of Cephalophus coronatus . 22. Skull of Cephalophus grimmi VOL. Il. 23. Ourebia scoparia, é 24. Skull of Ourebia haggard 3 25. Skull of Nesotragus livingstonianus, 3 26. Skull of Nesotragus pygmeus, 3 27. Skull of Madoqua phillips . Lie tae aoe 28. Fore part of skull of Madoqua damarensis, side view 28 a. Upper view of snout of WM. damarensis 28 b. Lower view of snout of MM. damarensis 28 ¢. Lower view of snout of I. saltiana : 28 d. Posterior mandibulary molar of J. saltiana. 28e. Posterior mandibulary molar of MZ. damarensis . 29. Head of Madoqua kirki . > 29a. Skull of Madoqua kirki (side oy) 29 b. Skull of Madoqua kirki (upper view) 30. Skull of Madoqua guentheri (side view) . 30a. Skull of Maduqua quentheri (from above) . 31. Skull and horns of Cobus crawshayr . 32. Head and foot of ‘ Nsumma Antelope ” 33. Head of Cobus maria, 3 34, Head of Cobus thomasi, 5 SCAN ae 35. Horns of Cobus vardoni.—a. Side view ; 6. Front view 36. Head of Cobus lechee : 37. Horns of Cervicapra ar Sinan fom Nasalnrtd 38. Skull of Cervicapra fulvorufula 39. Skull of Cervicapra bohor 40. Head of Cervicapra redunca 0 41. Horns of Cervicapra fulvorufula, not eaulee 42. Horns of Cervicapra fulvorufula, aged 43. Head of Cervicapra chanleri 44, Head of Vaal Rhébok, g Page — ess eam a SS” 146 150 169 182 196 207 80 84 85 85 90 90 110 117 123 135 143 151 163 168 169 174 181 18] 184 193 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT. VOL. Ill. 45. Horns of Black-buck, ¢ . : 46. Abnormal horns of female Indian eiclone 47. Head of Pallah, 3, front view 48. Front view of head of Angolan Pallah 49. Group of Saigas 50. Frontlet and horns of Suen Gan 6 ol. Head of male Saiga in its winter dress . 52. Horns of Chiru . 53. Horns of Springbuck, ¢ & 2. : 54. Skull and horns of the Tibetan Gazelle . 55. Goa Antelopes on the Donkia Pass 56. Skull and horns of Mongolian Gazelle 7. Head of Dorcas Gazelle, ¢ . . Head of Edmi Gazelle, ¢ é aoe . Front view of head of Edmi Gazelle: O.. . Head of Arabian Gazelle . - Head of Gazella fuscifrons, 2 ‘ 62. Head of adult male Speke’s Gazelle . 63. Head of adult female Speke’s Gazelle . 64. Head of young male Speke’s Gazelle . 65. Head of Pelzeln’s Gazelle, ¢ 65 a. Skull of Pelzeln’s Gazelle, Q . . si Diagram of horns of Rhime (a) and Aen (@) . Front view of head of a female Loder’s Gazelle 4 Skull of Gazella leptoceros loderi, ¢ 69, 69 a. Heads of Isabella Gazelle, ¢ & 2 70, 70a. Heads of Muscat Gazelle, ¢ & 2 . 71, 72. Heads of Heuglin’s Gazelle, g & 92 73. Skull of Rufous Gazelle . 74. Horns of Thomson’s Gazelle, 3 A 75. Front view of head of Thomson’s Gazelle, 2 76. Grant’s Gazelle, Ugogo . = 77, 78. Heads of Grant’s Gazelle, ¢ & 2 79. Skull and horns of Peters’s Gazelle, g 80. Skin of the Banded Gazelle . vere Alen 81. Skull and horns of Gazella soemmerring typica fale) 82 a, 826. Skull and horns of Gazella soemmerringi berberana, d & Q . 83. Head of the Dibatag . P 84. Map of Somaliland (showing the eeines a the Dibatng) 85. Skull of the Gerenuk . j ; 86. Sketch of Gerenuk, ¢ & 9,in Pea rceaniatie aeatides 87. Front view of the head of the Beira . S& oS Cr vi Or ~ © © © i) X1x Page 23 26 xX LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT. VOL. IV. . Frontlet of the Blue-buck . . Horns of Baker’s Roan Antelope 90. Head of Roan Antelope . Head of Sable Antelope . A Leucoryx attacked by a Lion . . Young Leucoryx . 6 . Female Beisa . 5. Horns of male Addax o Horns of female Addax . Head of a female Addax 3. Skull and horns of an adult male Nile . Frontlet of an adult male Nilgai : . Skull and horns of Cumming’s Bushbuck . . Frontlet of Cumming’s Bushbuck . Delamere’s Bushbuck 3. The Bongo Antelope : : . Head and horns of the Broad- nemed Aanicltans : . Head and horns of Angas’ Antelope 5. Angas’ Antelope, d & 9 . Horns of Tragelaphus sp. ine. 8. Speke’s Sitatunga in a Papyrus-swamp . Horns and feet of Speke’s Sitatunga . Speke’s Sitatunga, d & 2. eee . Outer view of right foot of Selous’s Sitatanee: 3 Ants size 2. Horns of Congan Sitatunga 3 . Head of Congan Sitatunga, from the specimen in ihe Brite Macca . Male and female Kudu 5. Horns of Lesser and Greater Rude 3. Skull and horns of Livingstone’s Eland, ¢ 7. Horns of Taurotraqus oryx« gigas . Abnormal horns of female Eland . Herd of Derbian Elands . Horns of Derbian Eland : 21. Front view of the horns of the Derviae Tab c 1 Page 11 25 29 38 48 49 70 833 83 85 100 101 126 127 130 134 135 140 146 147 153 154 156 158 167 169 183 188 205 208 209 218 219 221 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE REFERENCES TO LITERATURE, AND EXPLANATIONS OF THEM**, Abh. Ak. Beril.—Abhandlungen der koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 4to. Berlin. Act. Ac. Imp. Sc. Petrop.—Acta Academie Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitane. 4to. Petropoli. Act. Holm.—Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens nya Handlingar. I. 8vo. Stockholm, 1780. Acta Acad. Theod. Palat.— Acta Academie Electoralis Theodoro-Palatine. 4to. Mannhemii. Allamand.—See Schneider’s edition of Buffon. Y Andersson, Lake Nyami.—Lake Ngami; or, Explorations and Discoveries during four Years’ Wanderings in the Wilds of South-western Africa. By C. J. Anprrsson. 8vo. London, 1856. Angas, Kaffirs Iilustrated.—Kaffirs Illustrated in a Series of Drawings taken among the Amazulu, Amaponda, and Amakosa Tribes. By G. F. Aneas. Folio. London, 1849. Ann. Mag. N. H.—The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 8vo. London. Ann. Mus. Genov.—Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. 8vo. Genoa. Ann. Mus. Wien.—Annalen des k.-k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, Wien. 4to. Wien. Ann. Sci. Nat.—Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Zoologie. 8vo. Paris. Arch. f. Nat.—Archiv fir Naturgeschichte, gegriindet von A. F. A. Wiremann. 8vo. Berlin. Badm. Libr. Big Game Shooting.—The Badmington Library. Big Game Shooting. By Cuive Puituiprs-Wottry. 2vols. 8vo. London, 1894. Baines, Ezpl. S.W. Afr.—Explorations in South-west Africa. By T. Bainzs. 8vo. London, 1864. Baker, Ismailia.—Ismailia; a Narrative of the Expedition to Central Africa for the Suppression of the Slave Trade. By Sir Samusxt W. Baker, Pacha, M.A., &c. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1874. * Prepared (for the authors) by Mr. F. H. Warernouss, Librarian to the Zoological Society of London. XX11 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Baker, Nile Tributaries —The Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia, and the Sword Hunters of — the Hamran Arabs. By Sir Samuet W. Baker, M.A. 8vo. London, 1867. Baldwin, Afr. Hunt.—African Hunting and Adventure from Natal to the Zambesi. By W.C. Batpwin. 8vo. London, 1854. Barth, Reise —Reisen und Entdeckungen in Nord- und Central-Afrika in den Jahren 1849 bis 1855. Von Dr. Hernricnu Barts. 8vo. Gotha, 1857. Bechst. Allyem. Ucbers. vierf. Thiere, or Bechst. Syst. Uebers. vierf. Th.—Thomas Pennant’s Allgemeine Uebersicht der vierfiissigen Thiere. Aus dem Englischen ubersetzt von J. M. Brecustrein. 2 vols. 4to. Weimar, 1799-1800. Bennett, Gard. & Menag. Z. S.—Gardens and Menagerie of the Zoological Society delineated. 2 vols. 8vo. Chiswick, 1830. Blanf. FE. Persia.—Kastern Persia: an Account of the Journeys of the Persian Boundary Commission, 1870-72. Vol. II. Zoology and Geology. By W. T. Buianrorp. 8yvo. London, 1876. Blanf. Mamm. Brit. Ind.—The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. By W. T. Branrorp, F.R.S. 8vo. London, 1888-91. Blanf. Yark. Miss., Mamm.—Scientific Results of the Second Yarkand Mission; based upon the Collections and Notes of the late Ferdinand Stolickza, Ph.D. Mammalia. By W. T. Branrorp. 4to. Calcutta, 1879. Blanf. Zvol. Abyss.—Observations on the Geology and Zoology of Abyssinia. By W.T. Branrorp. 8vo. London, 1870. Blyth, Cat. Mus. As. Soc.—Catalogue of the Mammalia in the Museum Asiatic Society. By Epwarp Bryru. 8vo. Calcutta, 1863. Bodd. Elench. Anim.—P. Boddaert, Elenchus Animalium. 8vo. Rotterodami, 1785. Brehm, Thier/.—Brehm’s Thierleben. Allgemeine Kunde des Thierreichs. Situgethiere. Band Ill. Royal 8vo. Leipzig, 1880. Brookes, Cat. Mus.—A Catalogue of the Anatomical and Zoological Museum of Joshua Brookes, Esq. 8vo. London, 1828. / Bryden, Gun and Camera.—Gun and Camera in Southern Africa. By H. Anprerson Brypen. 8vo. London, 1893. Bryden, Kloof and Karroo. —Kloof and Karroo : Sport, Legend, and Natural History in Cape Colony. 8vo. London, 1889. Buff. Hist. Nat.—Histoire Naturelle, générale et particuliére, avec la Description du Cabinet du Roi. Par Comrre pg Burron. 44 vols. 4to. Paris, 1749-1804. ——. See also Schneider. Buil. Soc. Acclim.—Bulletin de la Société Nationale d’Acclimatation de France. vo. Paris. Bull. Soc. Moscou.—Bulletin Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. 8vo. Moscou. Buli. Soc. Philom.—Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris. 4to and 8vo. Paris. Burch. List Mamm. pres. to B. M.—List of the Mammals presented to the British Museum. By W. J. Burcnerzt. 8vo. London, 1825, LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. XX1li \/ Burchell, Trav.—Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa. By Wituiam J. Burcaett. 2 vols. 4to. London, 1822-24. Bittik. Reisebilder, or Buttik. Reiseb. a. Liberia.—Reisebilder aus Liberia. Von J. Btrtrxkorer. 2 vols. 8vo. Leiden, 1890. Cale. Journ. N. H.—Calcutta Journal of Natural History. 8vo. Calcutta. y Chanler, Through Jungle and Desert.—Through Jungle and Desert, Travels in Eastern Africa. By W. A. Cuanuter. 8vo. London, 1896. _Ahapman, Travels &c.—Travels in the Interior of South Africa. By Jamus Cuapman. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1868. Cretzschmar, AZ/. Riipp. Reise.—Atlas zu der Reise im nordlichen Afrika von Eduard Riippell. Saugethiere. Bearbeitet von Ph. J. Cretrzscumar. Folio. Frankfurt- am-Main, 1826. Yeumming, Hunter’s Life in S. Afr.—Five Years of a Hunter’s Life in the far Interior of South Africa. By R. Gorpon Cummine. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1850. Cuv. An. K.—See Griff. Cuv. An. K. F. Cuv. H. N. Mamm.—Histoire Naturelle des Mammiféres, avec des figures originales, coloriées, dessinées d’aprés des Animaux vivants ; ouvrage publié sous l’autorité de Administration du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle. Par Grorrroy Satnt-Hiarre et Freperic Cuvier. Folio. Paris. G. Cuv. R. 4.—Le Régne Animal. Par M. le Che Cuvier. 4 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1817. —_—_. . 8vo. Paris, 1836-46. (Masson & Co.) G. Cuv. Tabi. Elém.—Tableau élémentaire de l’Histoire Naturelle des Animaux. 8vo. Paris, 1798. Daniell, African Scenery—African Scenery, being Illustrations of the Animals and Native Inhabitants in Southern Africa. By Samvurt Danity. Folio. London, 1804-8. Daniell, Afr. Sketch.—Sketches representing the Native Tribes, Animals, and Scenery of Southern Africa, from Drawings made by the late Mr. Samuel Daniell, engraved by Wituiam Danrett. 4to. London, 1820. De Fil. Viagg. in Persia.—Note di un Viaggio in Persia nel 1862. Di F. pe Fixiprr. , 8vo. Milano, 1865. Démidoff, Voy. Russ. Mérid.—Voyage dans la Russie Méridionale et la Crimée. Exécuté en 1837,sous Ja Direction de M. Anarote pe Demiporr. Tome III. 8vo. Paris, 1840. ; Denh. & Clapp. Trav.—Narrative of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africa in the Years 1822-24. By Major Drenuam, Captain Cuiaprerron, and the late Doctor Oupney; with an Appendix by Major Dixon Dernuam and Captain Hues Craprerton. 4to. London, 1826. Desm. Mamm.—Mammalogie, ou Description des Espéeces de Mammiféres, par M. A. G. Desmarest. 2 partsin1 vol. 4to. Paris, 1820-22. Dict. Class.—Dictionnaire Classique d’ Histoire Naturelle. 8vo. Paris, 1822-30. . Dict. Sci. Nat.—Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles. 8vo. Paris, 1816-30. XXIV LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Dict. Univ. d’H. N.—Dictionnaire Universel d’Histoire Naturelle. Dirigé par M. Cuartes d’OrsBieny. Text 13 vols., Atlas 3 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1847-49. Distant, Transvaal.—A Naturalist in the Transvaal. By W.L. Distant. 8vo. London, 1892. Donnd. Zool. Beytr.—Zoologische Beytrige zur xiii. Ausgabe des Linnéischen Natur- systems. By Jouann Avcust Donnporrr. 4 vols. 8vo. Leipzig, 1792-98. Drummond, Large Game S. A fr.—The Large Game and Natural History of South and South-east Africa. From the Journals of the Hon. W. H. Drummonp. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1875. Du Chaill. Evpl. & Adv. Equat. Afr.—Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa. By Paut B. Du Cuaitiu. 8vo. London, 1861. Echo du Monde Savant.—L’Echo du Monde Savant. 4to. Paris. Edinb. Journ. Sc.—Edinburgh Journal of Science. 8vo. Edinburgh. Ehrenb. Symb. Phys.—Symbole Physicz, seu Icones et Descriptiones corporum natu- ralium novorum aut minus cognitorum que ex itineribus per Libyam, Aigyptum, Nubiam, Dongalam, Syriam, Arabiam et Habessiniam. Publico Institutis sumptu F. G. Hemericu et C. G. Exrensere. Folio. Berolini, 1828. Eichwald, Faun. Caspio-Caucas.—Fauna Caspio-Caucasia. Von HE. Ercawaup. 4to. Petropoli, 1841. Elliot, Publ. Chicago Mus., Zool.-—Field Columbian Museum. Publications. Zoological Series. 8vo. Chicago, U.S.A. Emin, Aiese-Briefenm—Emin Pasha in Central Africa, being a Collection of his Letters and Journal. Edited and annotated by Prof. G. Scuwrinrurtn, Prof. F. Rarzen, Dr. R. W. Fexxin, and Dr. G. Harriavs. Translated by Mrs. R. W. Ferxin. 8vo. London, 1888. Erxl. Syst. R. A.—Christ. Polye. Erxleben Systema Regni Animalis per Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, &e. Classis 1. Mammalia. 8vo. Lipsiz, 1777. “ Mield.”—Field, the Farm, the Garden; the Country Gentleman’s Newspaper. Folio. London, 1853-1900. Fisch. Zoogn.—Zoognosia tabulis synopticis illustrata, etc. Auctore GorrHELr Fiscuer. 3 vols. Mosque, 1813-14. Fisch. Syn. Mamm.—Synopsis Mammalium. Auctore Jonanne Baptista Fiscunmr. 8vo. Stuttgardtiz, 1729. Flow. & Gars. Cat. Ost. Coll. Surg.—Catalogue of the Specimens illustrating the Osteology and Dentition of Vertebrated Animals recent and extinct, contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Part Il. Mammalia. By W. H. Frower, LL.D., assisted by J. G. Garson, M.D. 8vo. London, 1884. Flow. & Lyd. Mamm.—An Introduction to the Study of Mammals living and extinct. By W. H. Frower, C.B., and Ricuarp LyprKxer, B.A. 8vo. London, 1891. Forst. Descr. Anim.—Descriptiones Animalium que in itinere ad Maris Australis Terras per Annos 1772-74. Collegit, Observavit et Delineavit J. R. Forsrrr. Curante Henrico Licutenstein. 8vo. Berolini, 1844. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. XXV Forst. Zool. Ind.—Indische Zoologie oder systematische Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien. Herausgegeben von J. R. Forster. Folio. Halle, 1781. Fraser, Zool. Typ—Zoologia Typica, or Figures of new or rare Mammals and Birds described in the Proceedings or exhibited in the Collections of the Zoological Society of London. By Louis Fraser. Folio. London, 1849. Gatt. Brev. Zool—Breviarum Zoologie. Pars I. Mammalia. Auctore C. W. J. GatTeRER. 8vo. Gottinge, 1780. I. Geoffr. St.-Hil. Voy. Jacg. Mamm.—Voyage dans |’Inde, par Victor Jacquemont, pendant les Années 1828 4 1832. Tome IV. Mammiféres, par I. Grorr. Saint- Hinarre. Folio. Paris, 1844. Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. B. J1.—Catalogue of the Bones of Mammalia in the British Museum. By Epwarp Gerrarp. 8vo. London, 1862. Gerv. Hist. Nat. Mamm.—Histoire Naturelle des Mammiferes. Par Paun Gervats. 2vols. 4to. Paris, 1854-55. Gesner, Hist. Anim. Quadr.—Conradi Gesneri medici Tigurini, Historie Animalium. Liber I. de Quadrupedibus viviparis. Editio secunda. Folio. Francofurti ad M., 1620. Ghika, Aw Pays des Somalis—Cing Mois au Pays des Somalis. Par Prince N. D. Guiksa. 8vo. Géneve et Bale, 1898. Gieb. Séug.—Die Saugethiere in zoologischer, anatomischer und _palzontologischer Beziehung, umfassend dargestellt von Dr. C. G. Gurspet. 8vo. Leipzig, 1859. Glean. in Sc.—Gleanings in Science. 3 vols. 8vo. Calcutta, 1829-31. Glog. Naturg.—Gemeinniitziges Hand- und Hilfsbuch der Naturgeschichte. Von Dr. C. W. L. Gtocer. 8vo. Breslau, 1841. Gm. S. N.—Caroli a Linné Systema Nature. Cura Jo. Frip. Gmexin. Vol. I. 8vo. Lipsiz, 1788. Gray, Cat. Hodgson Coll., or Cat. Mamm. Nepal, Hodgson Coll.—Catalogue of the Specimens and Drawings of Mammalia and Birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented . by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., to the British Museum. By J. BE. Gray. 12mo. London, 1846. —. Second edition. 8vo. London, 1863. Gray, Cat. Rum. B. M.—Catalogue of Ruminant Mammalia (Pecora, Linnzus) in the British Museum. By J.E. Gray. 8vo. London, 1872. Gray, Cat. Ung. B. M.—Catalogue of the Specimens of Mammalia in the Collection of the British Museum. Part III. Ungulata Furcipeda. By J. E. Gray. 12mo. London, 1852. Gray, Hand-l. Rum.—Hand-list of the Edentate, Thick-skinned, and Ruminant Mammals in the British Museum. By Dr. J. K. Gray. 8vo. London, 1873. Gray, List Mamm. B. M.—List of the Specimens of Mammalia in the Collection of the British Museum. By J. E.Gray. 12mo. London, 1843. VOL. I. ad XXV1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, Gray, List Ost. B. M.—List of the Osteological Specimens in the Collection of the British Museum. By J. E. Gray. 12mo. London, 1847. Gray, Med. Repos.—Gray in Medical Repository, or Original Essays and Intelligence, relative to Physic, Surgery, Chemistry, and Natural History. 8vo. New York, vol. xv. (1821). Gray & Hardw. Jil. Ind. Zool.—lIllustrations of Indian Zoology, chiefly selected from the Collection of Major-Gen. Hardwicke. By J. E. Gray. 2 vols. Folio. London, 1830-3 4. Griff. Cuv. An. K.—The Animal Kingdom, arranged in conformity with its Organization, by the Baron Cuvier; with additional Descriptions of all the Species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Epwarp Grirrity and others. 16 vols. 8vo. London, 1827-34. Harris, Wild Sports S. Afr.—The Wild Sports of Southern Africa; being a Narrative of a Hunting Expedition from the Cape of Good Hope, through the Territories of the Chief Moselekatse, to the Tropic of Capricorn. By Capt. Wini1am Cornwa tis \{ Harris. 8vo. London, 1839. Fifth edition. Royal 8vo. London, 1852. V Hai Wild An. 8S. Afr.—Portraits of the Game and Wild Animals of Southern Africa. By Capt. W. Cornwatus Harris. Folio. London, 1840. Hempr. & Ehr. Symb. Phys.—Symbole Physic, seu Icones et Descriptiones coporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum qué ex itineribus per Libyam, Hgyptum, Nubiam, Dongalam, Syriam, Arabiam et Habessiniam. Publico Institutis sumptu lk’. G. Hempricu et C. G. Exrenspere. Folio. Berolini, 1828-45. Herm. Ods. Zool.—Observationes Zoologice. Par Jouannes Hermann. 4to. Argento- rati, 1804. Herm. Yabl/. Affin. Anim.—Tabula Affinitatum Animalium. _Auctore JoHaNnNnEs Hermann. 4to. Argentorati, 1783. Heude, Mém. Hist. Nat. Chine——Mémoires concernant Il’ Histoire Naturelle de ]’?Empire Chinois. Par P. M. Heupe. Vols. 1.-I1I. Imp. 4to. Chang-hai, 1880-97. Heugl. Ant. u. Buff. N.O.-Afr. (N. Act. Leopold. xxx. pt. 2).—Ueber die Antilopen und Biiffel Nordost-Afrika’s. Von Tu. v. Hevertn. (Nova Acta kaiserliche Leopol- dino-Carolinische deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher, Band xxx. part 2, 1863.) Heugl. Faun. roth. Meer., Peterm. Mitth—Th. v. Heuglin’s Forschungen tiber die Fauna des Rothen Meeres und der Somali-Kiiste. (Petermann’s Mittheilungen, 1861, p. 11.) Heugl. Reise N.O.-Afr.—Reise in Nordost-Afrika. Von Tu. Heveiin. 2 vols. 8vo. Braunschweig, 1877. Heugl. Reise Weiss. Nil.—Reise in das Gebiet des Weissen Nil und seiner westlichen Zufliisse in den Jahren 1862-64. Von Tu. v. Hrvetin. 8vo. Leipzig, 1869. Hooker, Himalayan Journal—Himalayan Journals ; or, Notes of a Naturalistin Bengal, the Sikkim and Nepal Himalayas; the Khasia Mountains, &c. By Joseru Darton Hooker. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1854. Horsf. Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. I. Co., or Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus.—A Catalogue of the Mammalia in the Museum of the Hon. East-India Company. By TxHomas Horsrigtp. 8vo. London, 1851. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. XXVil Hoyos, Aulihan.—Zu den Aulihan. Reise- und Jagderlebnisse in SomAlilande von Ernst Grar Hoyos, Jun. 8vo. Wien, 1895. Huet, Coll. Mamm. Mus. d’ Hist. Nat.—Collection des Mammiféres du Muséum d’ Histoire Naturelle, classée suivant la méthode de Cuvier; dessinée d’aprés nature par Huser. 4to. Paris, 1808. Humboldt —Humeotpt: Monatschrift fiir die gesamten Naturwissenschaften. Stuttgart. tl. Prodr. Syst. Mamm.—Caroli Illigeri Prodromus systematis Mammalium et Avium. 8vo. Berolini, 1811. *< Tsis.’—See Oken’s Isis. J. A. S. B.—Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 8vo. Calcutta. J. R. G. S.—Journal of Royal Geographical Society. 8vo. London. J. Sci. Lish.—Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes.—Publicado sob os auspicios da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa. 8vo. Lisboa. Jackson, in Badm. Libr. Big Game Shooting—The Badminton Library. Big Game Shooting. By Cruive Puriiiprs- Wo tey. JB. Mus. Hamb.—Jahrbuch der wissenschaftlichen Anstalten zu Hamburg. 8vo. Hamburg. James, Unknown Horn of Afr.—The Unknown Horn of Africa. An Exploration from Berbera to the Leopard River. By F. L. James, M.A. 8vo. London, 1888. Jard. Nat. Libr., or Jard. Nat. Misc—The Naturalist’s Library. Mammalia. Rumi- nantia by Sir Witi1amM Jarpine, Bart. 8vo. Edinburgh. Jent. Cat. Ost. Leyd. Mus. (Mus. Pays- Bas, ix.).—Catalogue Ostéologique des Mammiféres. Par F. A. Jentinx. (Muséum d’ Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas, tome ix. 1887.) Jent. Cat. Mamm. Leyd. Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, xi.).—Catalogue Systématique des Mammiféres. Par F. A. Jentinx. (Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas, tome xi. 1892.) Jerd. Mamm. Ind—The Mammals of India; a Natural History of all the Animals known to inhabit Continental India. By T.C.Jerpon. 8vo. Roorkee, 1867. Johnst. Brit. Centr. Afr —British Central Africa, an Attempt to give some Account of a Portion of the Territories under British Influence north of the Zambezi. By Sir H. H. Jonnston, K.C.B. 8vo. London, 1897. Johnston, Kilima-njaro.—The Kilima-Njaro Expedition. A Record of Scientific Explora- tion in Eastern Equatorial Africa. By H. H. Jounston, F.Z.S., F.R.G.S. 8vo. London, 1886. Johnst. River Congo—The River Congo, from its Mouth to Bolébé. By H. H. Jounston, F.Z.S. 8vo. London, 1884. Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc.—The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 8vo. Bombay. Journ. Phys.—Journal de Physique. 4to. Paris. Junker, Travels in Afr.—Travels in Africa during the Years 1882-86. By Dr. WirueLm Junker. Translated from the German by A. H. Kranz, F.R.G.S. Vol. III. 8vo. London, 1892. K. Vet.-Ak. Handl.—Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, Stockholm. 8vo. Stockholm. » d2 XXVI1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Kerr, Linn. An. K.—The Animal Kingdom, or Zoological System of the celebrated Sir Charles Linneus. Together with numerous additions from more recent Zoological writers, and illustrated with copperplates. By Ropert Kerr. 4to. London, 1792. Kinloch, Large Game Shooting.—Large Game Shooting in Thibet and the North West. By Avexanner A. A. Kiniocn, C.M.Z.S. 2nd series. 4to. London, 1876. J Kirby, Haunts of Wild Game.—In Haunts of Wild Game, a Hunter-Naturalist’s Wanderings from Kahlamba to Libombo. By F. V. Kirsy, F.Z.S. 8vo. Edin- burgh and London, 1896. Knowsl. Men.—Gleanings from the Menagerie and Aviary at Knowsley Hall. Hoofed Quadrupeds. Folio. Knowsley, 1850. Lacépéde’s Buffon.—Burron, Dausenton et Lacépkpr. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particuliére, avec la Description du Cabinet du Roi. 38 vols. 4to. Amsterdam, 1766-99. (Schneider edition.) Lataste, Mamm. Barb. (Act. Bord. xxix.).—Wtude de la Faune des Vertébrés de Bar- barie (Algérie, Tunisie et Maroc). Par M. Frernanp Lataste. I. Catalogue Provisoire des Mammiftres. (Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, XXxix. p. 129, 1885.) Lataste, Mamm. Tunisie.—Exploration Scientifique de la Tunisie. Catalogue critique des Mammiféres apélagiques sauvages de la Tunisie. Par Fernann Latasre. 8vo. Paris, 1837. Lath. & Dav. Faunula Indica.—Faunula Indica, id est Catalogus Animalium Indi orientalis..... concinnatus a Joa. Larnam et Hue. Davins. Solio. Hale, 1795. Layard, Cat. S. Afr. Mus.—Catalogue of the Specimens in the Collection of the South African Museum. Part I. The Mammalia. By E. L. Layarp. 12mo. Cape Town, 1861. Lefebvre’s Voy. Abyss. vi., Zool.— Voyage en Abyssinie exécuté pendant les Années 1839- 43, par une Commission scientifique composée de M. Théophile Lefebvre, &c. VI. Zoologie, par O. Des Murs, F. Prevosr, Guicnenot, et Guerin-M&NEVILLE. Text 8vo ; Atlas folio. Paris, 1845-50. Less. 7. N. Mamm. (Compl. Buff. x.), or Less. Compl. Buff.—Histoire Naturelle générale et particulicre des Mammiféres et des Oiseaux découverts depuis la mort de Buffon. Par R.-P. Lesson. Vol. X. 8vo. Paris, 1886. Less. Man. Mamm.—Manuel de Mammalogie, ou Histoire Naturelle des Mammiféres. Par. R.-P. Lesson. 12mo. Paris, 1827. Less. N. abl. R. A., Mamm.—Nouveau Tableau du Régne Animal. Par R.-P. Lesson. Mammiféres. 8vo. Paris, 1842. Le Vaill. Voy. a lInt. de ? Afrique-—Voyage de M. Le Vaillant dans l’Intérieur de V Afrique par le Cap de Bonne-Espérance dans les Années 1780-85. © 4to. Paris, 1790. ; Licht. Darst. Sdug.—Darstellung neuer oder wenig bekannter Saugethiere in Abbild- ungen und Beschreibungen von fiinf und sechzig Arten auf funfzig colorirten Steindrucktafeln nach den Originalen des zoologischen Museums der Universitit zu Berlin. Von Dr. H. Licutenstgein. Folio. Berlin, 1827-34. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. XX1X Licht. Reise-——Reisen im siidlichen Africa in den Jahren 1803-6. Von Hernricu LicutEensteIn. 2 vols. 8vo. Berlin, 1811-12. Link, Beytr. Nat.—Beytrige zur Naturgesch. Band i. Heft 2. Von H. F. Linx, 8vo. Rostock, 1795. Livingstone, Miss. Trav.—Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa. By Davin Livinestonse. 8vo. London, 1857. Loche, Cat. Mamm. Algérie.—Catalogue des Mammiféres et des Oiseaux observés en Algérie. Par le Capitaine Locur. 8vo. Paris, 1858. Loche, Expl. Alg. Mamm.—Exploration Scientifique de Algérie, pendant les Années 1840-42. Mammiféres. Par le Capitaine Locus. Folio. Paris, 1867. Lugard, E. Afr., or Lugard, Rise H. Afr. Emp.—The Rise of our East African Empire, early efforts m Nyasaland and Uganda. By Captain F. D. Lucarp. 2 vols. 8vo. Edinburgh and London, 1893. Lyd. Horns and Hoofs.—Horus and Hoofs, or Chapters on Hoofed Animals. By R. LypEkKer. 8vo. London, 1893. Lyd. Royal Nat. Hist—The Royal Natural History. Edited by Ricuarp LypEKKer, B.A., F.R.S. Vol. II. 8vo. London, 1894. MB. Ak. Berl.—Monatsberichte der koniglich Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 8vo. Berlin. Madr. Journ.—The Madras Journal of Literature and Science. 8vo. Madras. McMaster, Notes on Jerdon’s Mamm. of India, ov McMaster, Notes on Jerdon.—Notes on Jerdon’s Mammals of India. By an Indian Sportsman (A. C. McMaster). 8vo. Madras, 1870. Mag. nat. Freund. Berl.—Der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. Magazin fiir die neuesten Entdeckungen in der gesammten Naturkunde. 4to. Berlin. Marno, Reise in der Aegypt. Aequat.-Prov.—Reise in der egyptischen Aequatorial- Provinz und in Kordofan, in den Jahren 1874-76. Von Ernst Marno. 8vo, Wien, 1878. Marno, Reise im Geb. d. blauen u. weissen Nil.—Reisen im Gebiete des blauen und weissen Nil, im egyptischen Sudan und den angrenzenden Negerlindern, in den Jahren 1869 bis 1873. Von Ernst Marno. 8vo. Wien, 1874. Matsch. Mittheil. deutsch. Schutz-gebiet—Mittheilungen aus den deutschen Schutz- gebieten. - 8vo. Berlin. Matschie, Thierw. Ost-Afr. Stugeth., or Stug. Deutsch-O.-Afr.—Die Thierwelt Ost- Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete, herausgegeben unter Redaktion von Prof. Dr. K. Mobius. Lief. I. Die Saugethiere Ost-Afrikas. Von P. Matscuiz. Royal 8vo. Berlin, 1895. Meélang. Biol—Meélanges Biologiques tirés du Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg. 8vo. St. Pétersbourg. Mém. Ac. Pétersh.— Mémoires de Académie Impériale des Sciences St. Pétersbourg. 4to. St. Pétersbourg. Mém. de V Inst., Sci. Phys-—Mémoires de l'Institut Sciences et Physiques de France. 4to. Paris. Mem. Sci. Pisa.—Memorie Scientifiche, Pisa. Vol. I. 8vo. Pisa, 1828. XXX LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Ménétriés, Cat. rais. Zool. Caucase-—Catalogue Raisonné des Objets de Zoologie recueillis dans un Voyage au Caucase et jusqu’aux frontiéres actuelles de la Perse. Par E. Meéneérrits. 4to. St. Pétersbourg, 1832. Millais, 4 Breath from the Veldt.—A Breath from the Veldt. By Joun Guitiz Mit.ais, ¥.Z.S. Folio. London, 1895. Misc. Cur. Acad. Nat. Cur—Kaiserliche Leopoldino-Carolinische deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher, Dresden. Miscellanea Curiosa sive Ephemeridum Medico- physicarum Germanicarum..... decuriz secunde. Mitth. deutsch. Schutzgebiet., or MT. deutsch. Schutz-geb.—Mittheilungen aus den deutschen Schutzgebieten. 8vo. Berlin. Mitth. Ges. nat. Fr.—Mittheilungen Berlinische Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde, Berlin. Mockler-Ferryman, Up the Niger.—Up the Niger, Narrative of Major C. Macdonald’s Mission to the Niger and Benue Rivers, West Africa. By Capt. A. F. Mocxurr- Ferryman. 8vo. London, 1892. Mill. Naturs.—Des Ritters Carl von Linné Natursystem. Von P. L.S.Mitier. 8vo. Nurnberg, 1773-76. Murray, Zool. Sind.—The Vertebrate Zoology of Sind. By James A. Murray. 8vo. London and Bombay, 1884. Nachtigal, Sahara and Soudan.—Sahara und Sadan. Ergebnisse, sechsjahriger Reisen in Afrika. Von Dr. Gustav Nacutieau. 8 vols. 8vo. Berlin, 1879-89. N. Act. Ups.—Nova Acta Regi Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis. 4to. Upsaliz. Nature.—Nature, a Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science. 4to. London. N, Comm. Ac. Petrop.—Novi Commentarii Academie Scientiarum Imperialis Petro- politane. 4to. Petropoli. N. Dict. @ H. N—Nouveau Dictionnaire d’ Histoire Naturelle appliquée aux Arts. 8vo. Paris. \ Neumann, Hlephant-Hunting in E. Africa.—"lephaut-Hunting in East Equatorial Africa. By A. H. Neumann. 8vo. London, 1898. J Nicolls & Egl. Sportsm. S. Afr.—The Sportsman in South Africa. By James A. Nicoutts and Wirttram Eeuineron. 8vo. London, 1892. NV. L. M.—Notes from the Leyden Museum. 8vo. Leiden. Novitat. Zool.—Novitates Zoologice ; a Journal of Zoology in connection with the Tring Museum. Edited by the Hon. Wattrr Roruscuixtp, Ph.D., Ernst Harrert, and Dr. K. Jorpan. Vol. V. 8vo. London, 1898. Ofv. K. Vet.-Ak. Férh.—Ofversigt af Kongl. Ventenskaps-Akademiens Férhandlingar. 8vo. Stockholm. Oken, Ally. Nat., or Oken, Alligem. Naturgesch.—Allgemeine Naturgeschichte fir alle Stiinde. Von Professor Oxen. 7 vols.in 13. 8vo. Stuttgart, 1833-41. Oken, Lehrd. Naturgesch—Oxen’s Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. 4 vols. 8vo. Jena, 1815-16. Oken’s Isis.—Isis von Oxen. 4to. Leipzig. P. Ac. Philad.—Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 8vo. Philadelphia. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. XXX1 P. A. S. B.—Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 8vo. Calcutta. Pall. Misc. Zool.—P. S. Patuas: Miscellanea Zoologica. 4to. Hagze Comitum, 1766. Pall. Spic. Zool.—Spicilegia Zoologica. Cura P.S. Patras. 4to. Berolini, 1767-80. Pall. Zoogr. Ross.-As.— Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium Animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico. Auctore Perro Patras. 3 vols. 4to. Petropoli, 1811. Penn. Hist. of Quad.—History of Quadrupeds. By Tuomas Pennant. 4to. London, 1781. Penn. Syn. Mamm.—Synopsis of Quadrupeds. By THomas Pennant. 8vo. Chester, 1771. Penny Enc.—The Penny Cyclopedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 4to. London. Petherick, Travels in Centr. Afr—Travels in Central Africa, and Explorations of the Western Nile Tributaries. By Mr. and Mrs. Peruuricx. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1869. Pet. Sdug. Mossamb.—Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mossambique. Von WILHELM C. H. Perers. Zoologie. I. Saugethiere. Folio. Berlin, 1852. Phil. Mag.—Philosophical Magazine. 8vo. London. Phil. Trans. — Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Ato. London. Pollok, Sport in Brit. Burmah.—Sport in British Burmah, Assam, and the Cassyah and Jyntiah Hills. By Lieut.-Col. Pottox. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1879. P. Bost. Soc. N. H—Proceedings ot the Boston Society of Natural History. VII. (1861). P. U.S. Nat. Mus.—Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Washington. 8vo. Washington. Przewalski, Cat. Col/.—Catalogue of the Zoological Collections collected by N. M. Przewalski in Central Asia. [In Russian.] 8vo. St. Petersburg, 1888. Przewalski, Mongolia. — Mongolia and the Country of Tangut. By Lieut.-Col. N. Presevaisky. [In Russian.] 2 vols. 8vo. St. Petersburg, 1875-76. —. Mongolia, the Tangut Country. By Lieut.-Col. N. Presevarsxy. Translated by E. Detmar Morcan. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1876. Publ. Chicago Mus. Zool.—Publications of the Chicago Museum, Zoology. Part I. 8vo. Chicago, 1897. P. Z. S.—Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 8vo. London. Quart. Orient. Mag.—Quarterly Oriental Magazine. 8vo. Calcutta. Radde, Ost-Sibirien.—Reisen im Siiden von Ost-Sibirien in den Jahren 1855-59 incl. Ausgefiirht von Gustav Rappre. Band I. Die Saugethierfauna. 4to. St. Peters- burg, 1862. Rafinesque, Analyse de la Nature.—Analyse de la Nature, ou Tableau de |’ Univers et des corps organisés. Par C.S. Rarinusque. 8vo. Palerme, 1815. Ray, Quadr.—Syunopsis Methodica Animalium Quadrupedum et Serpentini Generis. Auctore Joanne Rato. 8vo. Londini, 1693. XXXil LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Reichenb. Sdiug.—Die vollstandigste Naturgeschichte des In- und Auslandes. Von H.G. Lupwic Reicuensacw. Der Saugethiere. Band III. 8vo. Dresden und Leipzig, 1845. Rep. Counc. Z. S. L.—Report of the Council of the Zoological Society of London. 8vo. London. Rochebrune, Faune de la Sénégamb., Mamm.—Rocuesrune, Faune de la Sénégambie. Mammifeéres. 8vo. Paris, 1883. Rothschild, Nov. Zool.— Novitates Zoologice ; a Journal of Zoology in connection with the Tring Museum. Edited by the Hon. Watrer Roruscuicp, E. Harrerr, and Dr. K. Jorpan. 4to. London. Riipp. N. Wirb. Abyss. Stug.— Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehorig, entdeckt und beschrieben. Von Dr. Epuarp Rtprrery. Saugethiere. Folio. Frankfurt-am-Main, 1835. Riitimeyer, Rind. Tert.-Epoch.—Abhandlungen der schweizerischen palaontologischen Gesellschaft. Die Rinder Tertiir-Epoche nebst Vorstudien zu einer natiirlichen Geschichte der Antilopen. Von L. Rtrimeyer. Folio. Ziirich, 1877-78. S. Afr. Quart. Journ.—South African Quarterly Journal. 2 vols. 8vo. Cape Town, 1829-35. Salt, Travels in Abyssinia.—A Voyage to Abyssinia, and Travels into the Interior of that V Country, executed in the Years 1809-10. By H. Sarr. 4to. London, 1814. SB. Ak. Wien., or SB. Wien.—Sitzungsberichte der kaiserliche Akademie der Wissen- schaften. 8vo. Wien. SB. not. Freund.—Sitzungs-Berichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. 8vo. Berlin. SB. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien. —Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlich-kéniglichen zoologisch- botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. 8vo. Wien. Schinz, Cuv. Thierr.—Das Thierreich, eingetheilt nach dem Bau der Thiere, als Grund- lage ihrer Naturgeschichte und der vergleichende Anatomie. Von Baron von Cuvier. Aus dem Franz. von H. R. Scurnz. 4 vols. 8vo. Stuttgart, 1821-25. Schinz, Mon. Ant., or Mon. Séugeth.—Monographien der Sadugethiere. Von H. R. Scurnz. Mit Abbildungen nach der Natur und den vorziiglichsten naturwissen- schaftlichen Werken gezeichnet von Conrap Kuxtu. Textand Atlas. 4to. Ziirich, 1848. Schinz, Nat. Abb. d. Séug.—Naturgeschichte und Abbildungen der Saugethiere. Von H. R. Scuinz. Text and Atlas. 4to. Ziirich, 1824. Schinz, Syn. Mamm.—Systematisches Verzeichniss aller bis jetzt bekannten Siugethiere oder Synopsis Mammalium nach dem Cuvier’schen System. Von Dr, Hrrnricu Scuinz. 2 vols. 8vo. Solothurn, 1844-45. Schneider’s ed. Buffon.— Burvon et Davusenton. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particuliére, avec la Description du Cabinet du Roi. 38 vols. [Supplements par J. AnLaAMAND.] 4to. Amsterdam, Schneider, 1766-99, LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. | XXxill Schreb. Sciug—Die Saugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Von J. C. D. von Scureser. Theile 1.-[V.—Fortgesetzt von Dr. J. A. Wacner. Theile V—VII. 4to. Erlangen, 1775-1855. Schweinfurth, Herz. von Afrika.—Im Herzen von Afrika. Reisen und Entdeckungen in Centralen Aequatorial-Afrika wahrend der Jahre 1868 bis 1871. 2 vols. 8vo. Leipzig and London, 1874. Translated by Etten E. Frewer. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1873. Sel. List Anim. Zool. Soc., or Sel. List An. Z. S.—List of the Vertebrated Animals now or lately living in the Gardens of the Zoological Society of London. By P. L. Scrater. Eighth edition. 8vo. London, 1883. Ninth edition. S8vo. London, 1896. Sel. Cat. Mamm. Cale. Mus.—Catalogue of Mammalia in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. By W. L. Sctater, M.A. Part II. 8vo. Calcutta, 1891. Seba, Thesaurus. — Locupletissimi Rerum Naturalium Thesauri accurata descriptio. Descripsit ALBeRTUs SzBa. 4 vols. Folio. Amsteledami, 1734-65. elous, Hunter’s Wanderings—A Hunter’s Wanderings in Africa. By FRrepErick Courteney Setous. 8vo. London, 1881. Shaw, Gen. Zool.—General Zoology; or, Systematic Natural History. By GurorcE SHaw. 14 vols. 8vo. London, 1800-26. Silliman’s Amer. Journ—The American Journal of Science and Arts. Edited by Prof. Siztiman. 8vo. New Haven. Sm. Jil. Zool. S. Afr.—tlllustrations of the Zoology of South Africa. By ANpRrEew SmitH. Mammalia. 4to. London, 1838-48. Smuts, En. Mamm. Cap.—Dissertatio zoologica inauguralis, exhibens Enumerationem Mammalium Capensium. Defendet Jonannes Smuts. 4to. Lugduni-Batavorum, 1832. Sparrm. Reise.—Resa till Goda Hopps-udden, sédra Pol-kretsen och omkring jord- klotet, samt till Hottentott- och Caffer-Landen, Aren 1772-76. A. SParRMan. 8vo. Stockholm, 1783. Sparrm. Voy. to Cape (Engl. Transl.).—A Voyage to the Cape of Good Hone, towards the Antarctic Polar Circle, and round the World. By Anprew SparrMan. (Translated from the Swedish original.) 2 vols. 4to. London, 1786. \\ Speke, Journ. of Disc——Journal of Discovery of the Source of the Nile. By Jonn Hannine Speke. 8vo. Edinburgh and London, 1863. | speke, Rep. Zeol. Coll. Somali.—Report on a Zoological Collection from the Somali Country. By Epwarp Bryra. With Additions and Corrections by the Collector, J. H. Spexe. 8vo. London, 1860. Sterndale, Mamm. Ind.—Natural History of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon. By Rosert A. SternpaLe. 8vo. Calcutta, 1884. Sund. Pecora.—Methodisk éfversigt af Idislande djuren, Linné’s Pecora. Af Cari J. SunpEvatt. Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, for Ar 1844. 8vo. Stockholm, 1846. VOL. I. é XXXIV LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Sund. Hornschuch’s Transl. — Methodische Uebersicht der wiederkiuenden Thiere, Linné’s Pecora. Von Cart Sunprvaty. Aus dem Schwedischen durch Prof. Hornscnuvucn. Archiv scandinavischen Beitrige zur Naturgeschichte ; von Horn- scHucH. Band II.. 8vo. Greifswald, 1850. Reprint (separately paged), 1848. 6 Swayne, Somaliland, or Swayne, Seventeen Trips to Somaliland.—Seventeen Trips to Somaliland ; a Record of Exploration and Big Game Shooting, 1885 to 1893. By Captain H. G. C. Swaynz, R.E. 8vo. London, 1895. Temm. Esq. Zool. Guin.—Esquisses Zoologiques sur la Cote de Guiné. Par C. J. . Tremminck. 8vo. Leiden, 1853. Thomson, Masailand.—Through Masai Land; a Journey of Exploration among the V Snow-clad Volcanic Mountains and Strange Tribes of Eastern Equatorial Africa. By Joseru Tuomson. 8vo. London, 1885. Thunb. Resa.—Resa uti Europa, Africa, Asia. Cart P. Tuunserc. 8vo. Upsala, 1788-93. Tied. Zool.—Zoologie. Zu seinen Vorlesungen entworfen. Von D. F. Tirpemann. © 3 vols. 8vo. Landshut, Heidelberg, 1808-14. Trans. Linn. Soc.—Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 4to. London. Tr. Z. S.—Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. 4to. London. Tristr. Faun. & Flor. Pal.—The Survey of Western Palestine. The Fauna and Flora of Palestine. By H. B. Tristram. 4to. London, 1884. Tristram, Great Sahara.—The Great Sahara: Wanderings south of the Atlas Mountains. By H. B. Tristram, M.A. 8vo. London, 1860. Trouess. Cat. Mamm.—Catalogus Mammalium tam viventium quam fossilium a Dr. E. L. TroveEssart. Nova Ed. Fase. 1V. 8vo. Berolini, 1898. Turt. Linn. S. N.—A General System of Nature through the three Grand Kingdoms of Animals, Vegetables, and Minerals, &c. By Sir Cuarues Linnt. .... Together with various Modern Arrangements and Corrections, &. By Witiram Turron, M.D. 7 vols. 8vo. London, 1806. Verz. Senck. Mus.—Verzeichniss der in dem Museum der Senckenbergischen aut- gestellten Sammlungen. 4to. Frankfurt-am-Main, 1842. Von der Decken’s Reise.—Baron Cart Ciaus von per Decxen’s Reisen in Ost-Afrika. Band III. Abth. 8. Royal 8vo. Leipzig und Heidelberg, 1869. Von Hohnel, Zum Rudolph-See.—Discovery of Lakes Rudolf and Stefanie, a Narrative of Count Samuel Teleki’s Exploring and Hunting Expedition in Eastern Equatorial A puke in 1887 and 1888. By his companion Lieut. Lupwig von HOuNet. Translated by Nancy Butt (N. p’Anvers). 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1894. Vosmaer, Reg. An.—Regnum Animale. Per A. Vosmarr. 4to. Amsterdam, 1766-— 1804. Wagn. Schr. Sdug.—Die Saiugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen von Dr. J. C. D. von Scureser. Fortgesetzt von Dr. J. A. Wacngr. 35 vols. 4to. Erlangen, 1840-55. Ward’s Great and Small Game of Africa.—Great and Small Game of Africa. Edited by H. A. Brypen. Published by Rowtanp Warp. 4to. London, 1899. a LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. XXXV Ward, Horn Meas. — Horn Measurements and Weights of the Great Game of the World. By Rowtanp Warp, F.Z.S. 8vo. London, 1892. Ward, Rec. Big Game.—Records of Big Game. By Rowzanp Warp, F.Z.S. 8vo. London, 1896. Third edition. 8vo. London, 1899. Waterh. Cat. Mamm. Mus. Z. S—Catalogue of the Mammalia preserved in the Museum of the Zoological Society of London. By G. R. Warernouse. Second edition. 8vo. London, 1888. Werther’s Hochliind. Deutsch-Ost-Afr.— Die wmittleren Hochlainder des nérdlichén Deutsch-Ost-Afrika. Herausgegeben C. W. Wertuer. 8vo. Berlin, 1898. / Willoughby’s East Africa.—East Africa and its Big Game ; the Narrative of a Sporting Trip from Zanzibar to the Borders of the Masai. By Captain Sir Joun C. Wittoucusy, Bart. 8vo. London, 1889. Wolf, Zool. Sketches.—Zoological Sketches. By Jossrpn Wor. Made for the Zoological Society of London, from Animals in their Vivarium. Edited, with Notes, by P. L. Scrarer, M.A. 2 vols. Folio. London, 1861-67. Wood, J//. Nat. Hist——The Illustrated Natural History. By the Rev. J. G. Woop. 3 vols. 8vo. London, 1861-63. Z. Ges. Erdkunde Berl.—Zeitschrift Gesellschaft fiir Erdkunde. 8vo. Berlin. Zeitschr. ges. Nat.—Zeitschrift fiir die gesammten Naturwissenschaften. 8vo. Berlin. Zimm. Geogr. Gesch.—Geographische Geschichte des Menschen. Von E. A. W. ZIMMERMANN. 3 vols. 8vo. Leipzig, 1778-1783. Zimm. Spec. Zool. Geogr.—Specimen Zoologie Geographice, Quadrupedum domicilia et migrationes sistens. 4to. Lugduni-Batavorum, 1777. Zool. Anz.—Zoologischer Anzeiger. Herausgegeben von Prof. J. Victor Carus. 8vo. Leipzig. Zool. Gart.—Der zoologische Garten, 8vo. Frankfurt-a.-M. Zool. JB.—Zoologische Jahrbiicher. Zeitschrift fiir Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere. Herausgegeben von Dr. J. W. Spencen. 8vo. Jena. Zool. Journ.—The Zoological Journal. 8vo. London. THE BOOK OF ANTELOPES. ~ eeeee INTRODUCTION. Tue Authors of the present work have no intention of offering to their readers a complete scientific treatise on the Mammals of the Family Bovide or on any section of it. Their main object is to furnish descriptive letter- press for the beautiful series of lithographic plates drawn some twenty years ago under the supervision of the late Sir Vicror Brooke, making thereto such necessary modifications and additions as the progress of science demands. ‘This letterpress, however, will contain a full synonymy of all the species of Antelopes recognized as valid, whether here figured or not, together with such descriptions as will facilitate their identification, and all particulars concerning their habits and distribution that have been recorded by Naturalists and Sportsmen up to the present time. As regards the Nomenclature and Systematic Arrangement to be employed in the present work, we think it sufficient to follow those adopted by Sir William Flower and Mr. Lydekker in their standard work on Mammals, B 2 with a few slight modifications. These authors have divided the Family Lovide, to which the Antelopes pertain, into nine different groups, called sections, which are denominated as follows :— 1. Alcelaphine Section. 5. Hippotragine Section. 2. Cephalophine Section. 6. Tragelaphine Section. 3. Cervicaprine Section. 7. Rupicaprine Section. 4, Antilopine Section. 8. Caprine Section. 9. Bovine Section. The Antelopes, commonly so called, belong to the first six of these sections, and will form the subject of the present work, the last three sections, which contain the Mountain-Antelopes, Sheep, and Oxen, being excluded. It is further considered to be more convenient to regard the sections of Messrs. Flower and Lydekker as subfamilies, and to give them the usual termination employed for such groups. ‘Thus, after dividing the ‘“ Cepha- lophine Section” into two portions, which it seems desirable to do, we shall have altogether seven subfamilies of Bovide to be treated of, viz. :— I. BuBaLipina, comprising the Hartebeests and Gnus. Il. CepHALOPHIN®, comprising the Duykers and Four-horned Antelopes. Ill. Neorracin#, comprising the Dwarf Antelopes, Oribis, Klipspringers, and Dik-diks. IV. CERVICAPRIN®, comprising the Waterbucks, Reedbucks, and _ their allies. V. ANTILOPINA, comprising the typical Antelopes and Gazelles. VI. Hipporragins, comprising the Sable and Roan Antelopes and the various species of Gemsbuck. VIL. TRAGELAPHINS, comprising the Nylghai, Bushbucks, Kudus, and Elands. DSI (Shs) SupraMILy I. BUBALIDINE.. General Characters.—Size large. Muzzle naked. A small anteorbital gland* present. Nostrils large, valvular, the lower lids covered with short bristly hairs. Tail long and tufted. False hoofs large. No knee-brushes. Mamme 2 or 4. Skull without supraorbital pits or lachrymal vacuities, but with shallow lachrymal pits. Upper molar teeth tall and very narrow. Horns present in both sexes, those of the female merely rather more slender than those of the male ; always of medium length, that is, approximately, of the length of the head. Range of Subfamily. Whole of Africa, including the Arabian Subregion. The Subfamily Bubalidine is readily divisible into three genera, as follows:— 1. Buatis, the true Hartebeests, with abnormally long faces and doubly- curved horns ; 2. Damauiscus, the Bonteboks and their allies, with normal faces and simply-curved horns ; and 3. ConNocHzTES, the Gnus: remarkable animals with tufted faces, maned necks, expanded muzzles, and doubly-curved horns. 2 * The term anteorbital gland denotes the so-called ‘“tear-bag” which opens on the face of many Antelopes and Deer. The lachrymal pits are placed in a depression of the skull below the orbit of the eye in the lachrymal bone, and contain the above-mentioned gland. The lachrymal vacuity is a larger or smaller aperture between some of the component bones of the skull, situated near the lachrymal pit and at the base of the nasal bones, which form a thin roofing over the cavity of the nose. The term supraorbital pits is applied to deep excavations in the forehead of the skull between the eyes, which lead into perforations traversing the thickness of the bone. The molar teeth are the last three teeth on either side of each jaw. Genus 1. BUBALIS. Type. Bubalis, Licht. Mag. nat. Freund. Berl. vi. p. 154 (1814) . . . . B. BusELapuus. Alcelaphus, Blainv. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p.75 . . . . B. BUSELAPHUS. Damalis (gen.) and Acronotus (subgen.), H. Sm. Griff. Cuv. ie K. iwepicte cota (e2A).5g «2 &.s w 3.5 « s « «+, B. BUSELAPHUS: nus Ob Za. 1830, p. 159. . . « »« « » . . « . « Bs BUSELAPHUS, Size large and general form clumsy, with the withers considerably higher than the rump; head long and narrow; muzzle moist, naked, and rather broad ; nostrils close together, lined with stiff hairs; neck not maned; suborbital glands small, tufted in some species, but not in others; hoofs small; tail reaching below the hocks, moderately haired, generally with a compressed crest along the dorsal surface of its terminal half; mamme two. Colour uniform browa or rufous, with or without black patches on the head, shoulders, hips, and feet. Skull elongated ; the frontal bones produced upwards and ecards into a long bony support for the horns, the occiput being entirely hidden in the upper view of the skull; parietals small, compressed behind the frontal horn- pedicle, facing nearly horizontally backwards. Small interorbital perforations present ; lachrymal pits present but shallow. Molars very tall and narrow, and without supplementary lobes in the upper jaw. Horns present in both sexes, those of the female as long, but not so thick, as those of the male, placed close together at their bases ; doubly curved, first rising outwards or backwards, then curved forwards and upwards, and then bent abruptly backwards and upwards at their tips. ftange of the Genus. Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. This genus, containing the Hartebeests, is a very natural and well-defined one, and is curiously shown to be so by the fact that, so far as is as yet known, 6 the ranges of the different species nowhere overlap each other, whilst almost every part of the range of the genus possesses its single representative species. Ihe members of the genus fall into four rather definite groups, as follows :— A. Frontal horn-pedicle short; horns forming a U when viewed in front . . . . . . 1,2. B. buselaphus, B. major. B. Horn-pedicle moderate ; horns forming an inverted bracket: ~V~. 3, 4,5. B. tora, B. swaynet, B. coke. C. Horn-pedicle extremely elongated; horns forming a V when viewed in fromt. . 3 25. 16,1. Bacaama eb: Jacksoni. VLU OW D. Horn-pedicle very short and broad; horns much curved inwards towards each other before the final backward turn. 8. B. lichtensteini. : a ‘