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THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
SEPTEMBER 17, 1932
Chemist Druggist
Established 1859
28 Essex Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.
Registered as a Newspaper
No . 2745 VOL. CXVII.
SEPTEMBER 17, 1932
Annual Subscription {with Diary) 20/-. Single Copies <)d.
every week
Striking Advertisements are appearing every week in the "Daily Mail,'* which is read by over 1,864,244 people.
These advertisemenU are compelling. They advise the public that DEODIS is the only perfumed antiseptic on the market; is double the strength of foreign competitors ; is guaranteed harmless and backed by the medical profession, and, at 1/6 a bottle, is the cheapest of its kind to buy.
You are losing money by not stocking it — take advantage of this special offer we are making ; during the next three months we guarantee sales of the first dozen bottles. If these have not been sold three months from date of order, you may return them to our distributors and receive credit. These terms are what you have been waiting for. DEODIS is an exception- ally live line to stock. Don't lose sales. You will be asked for DEODIS because it is backed by consistent national advertising. jgH
DEODIS PROPRIETARIES LTD.^
22, Northumberland Avettuc, London. W.C.2.
Sole Distributors for England & Wales: Francis Newbery & Sons, Ltd., 31-33, Banner St. London, E.C. I Sole Distributors for Scotland ■.—James Taylor (Trongate) Ltd., 132, Trongate, Qlasgow, C.l. Stocked by all Wholesalers.
Index to Adverlisera, pp. 5 & 6.
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST September 17, 1932
BAKER'S
FOR
12/
Your ^^ox.sA.r^f:r^:^
This is not )ust m ^^tra
« Baker's Doze"' retailer got
loaf was aU the profit he ^^^^^^
on ewiyboxyou
33"/" Ser the terms of
tell, »^ . I^^^ter you make too% or>
"^^^ and counter display material to
FREE Kotex window ana
r^rilv bv return tKCc,
please supply oy •••••a
Mame
1-v.p retail trade on We wrote to the ^3 August 20th gtvmS ^^^^ ^^er-the response n ^^.^^ mous and we wish to ^^y That this amazmgP^f^^^^^^ ,f you closes on September 3 ^^^^,,ge
l,ave wle to your whole-
of this offer, wn^^ ^o y ^^^^^
,,ler no^ ^f^fftee box of Kotex Remember^one fr
with every dozen y
13 to
■_" jjigh Holborn^_W£:L
ddress .ol^sal^ri^ordirec^ X7f- C
DOZEN V/ j£px_30
KOTEX LIMITED 317 HIGH HOLBORN W.C.f
September 17, 1932
THE CHEMIST AND DEUGGIST
1
THE NEW
6"
ZIM SERIES
Under the name of Zim we are introducing 4 articles to retail at the popular price of 6d. These can be sold at a good margin of profit and do not displace any higher priced products.
The pack is original in conception, and a most attractive composite show-card is supplied advertising the series and a substantial turn-over is assured.
INHALANT
TOOTHACHE TINCTURE
For Colds, Influenza, etc. Sprinkler-necked bottle, cartoned.
In a similar pack.
CORN CURE Corked bottles, viscose caps.
319 Doz. 316 DOZ.
^y^PQm^^YI^I^ A new departure, It comprises
a solid form of the popular chest | Gross Assorted rub formula, in a handy pack.
A A
2
THE CHEMIST AND DEUGGIST September 17, 1932
P. A. T. A.
Vest Pocket Model Retail 1/3 11/3 doz.
Refillable Model Retail 3/- 27/- doz.
Display bonus of One to the Dozen on orders of 3 doz. & upwards.
The 5 Minute Cold Cure
PROFIT and PRESTIGE
A display of the LITTLE VICTOR brings you both. The terms safeguard the profit and the LITTLE VICTOR reflects credit on those who recommend and sell it.
Satisfied customers return for more and advise their friends to purchase this wonderful little curer of Colds, Catarrh, Influenza, and Hay Fever.
The LITTLE VICTOR is used by the leading operatic and theatrical stars, members of Parliament, and all others who use the voice and know how to care for it.
An Inhaler for personal use will be sent Free to any Pharmacist on request
Cocklswii & Co., Ltd., 130/140 Howard St., Glasgow
The
INHALER
Order through your usual wholesaler or from
THE CHEMIST AND DBUGGIST
HUNDREDS MORE SALES EVERY DAY
Optrex Brand Eye Lotion definitely creates a new and profitable market. It is an excellent specific for all in- flammation and strain of the eyes and eyelids. It is completely free from toxic ingredients. It is a branded product, selling only through qualified chemists, with a generous margin of profit, at 2/'- and 3 9 a bottle. A powerful advertising campaign cost- ing thousands of pounds — big 16" triple column advertisements in London's leading evening papers — is producing a big demand for Optrex. Hundreds more people every day are becoming regular users. Send for full details, counter leaflets and free display matter — TO-DAY.
Distributors for Great Britain and Irish Free Stute: WILCOX JOZEAU & CO. {Foreign Chemists) Ltd., 15, GT. ST. ANDREW ST., LONDON, W.C.2
PHOME CLERKENWELL 8260^^,^,,,,„..,,,.. CLERKENWELL 0423
. . Francis Newbery & Sons Ltd;
MUSEUM S440
Sangers, Ltd:
As we expected, the latent public demand for a branded Eye Lotion was far greater than many chemists believed. Some have already run out of stock — others didn't order in time. Don't miss your share of this business ! We have special arrangements to send off supplies at a moment's notice. Simply 'phone your requirements. Your supplies will be delivered WITHIN A FEW HOURS. The demand for Optrex grows daily. Keep fully stocked.
T. P.s
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST September 17, 1932
SUPERHEATED STEAM
STERILISATION in the PHARMACY
To meet the requirements of the new edition of the British Pharmacopoeia and the needs of modern dispensing practice.
— WHY REQUIRED
[Reprinted from the Pharmaceutical Journal of April ^oth, ig-iT.. " An Autoclave for~\ Pharmacists " by Henry G. Greenish, D. es Sc., and Eldred J. Holder, B.Pharm.\
IN the Report of the Sub-Committee of the Pharmacopoeia Commission on the Preparation of Sterile Solutions for Iniectibn, the statement is made that " in view of the increasing practice of administering drugs in the form of injections the Pharmacopoeia Commission think it necessary that the Pharmacopoeia should contain instructions for the preparation of such injections in a sterile condition." Considerable difficulties are in the way of making recommendations for the sterilisation of Pharmacopoeial injections, for " recommendations must apply not only to the large-scale manufacturer, but also to the pharmacist, and the facilities at the disposal of the one are very different from those at the disposal of the other."
In the suggestions that follow, the use of an autoclave is frequently mentioned. An autoclave, however, is by no means an inexpensive piece of apparatus, a small one, with a sterilising chamber measuring only 12 cm. by 16 cm. deep, costing about £15, a rather heavy tax on the resources of a pharmacist in retail practice who wishes to keep abreast of the times. To him an apparatus capable of doing the work of a Chamberland autoclave, but much less expensive, would be a desideratum, if not a necessity.
EFF!CIENCY~AT A LOW COST
To anticipate the demand for an efFicient steriliser at a reasonable cost, the SANKEY AUTOCLAVE has been specially produced. It may be obtained in 2 sizes, of capacity 8 and 26 pints, in enamelled finish. In the smaller size the sterilising chamber is about 7\ in. in diameter and about 5 in. deep. The larger has a sterilising chamber 10 in. in diameter and 10| in. deep. It is constructed as follows :— The container is made of pressed steel tested to stand a pressure of 100 lb. to the square inch. It has a some- what oval opening, with an incurved rim. The lid, which is fitted with a washer, is placed beneath the rim, and is supported by a crossbar and thumbscrew.
Fitted to the lid is a safety valve of an ingenious type, employing a fusible metal. For pharmaceutical work a pressure gauge is a necessity, and one of the automatic gas-regulating type, graduated in degrees Centigrade and pounds per square inch pressure, is fitted to each AUTOCLAVE. A small tap is also fitted to the lid. This tap permits the air in the container to be expelled by the steam.
Galvanised iron wire cages and a wire grid are supplied for use in the apparatus. Both sizes are satisfactory, but naturally the larger size is capable of more extensive use.
SPECIFICATION OF THE SANKEY AUTOCLAVE
Size. Capacity. Height. Diameter. Weight. Cost each.
Small 8 pints 5J In. 8 in. 8 lbs. £4 17 6
Large 26 „ 12 in. 10J in. 19f lbs. £6 17 6
Each Autoclave is fitted with an automatic gas regulating pressure gauge. Full instructions for use are given with each Autoclave
SOLE AGENTS:
BRITTON, MALCOLM & WAYMARK, LTD.
38 Southwark Bridge Road, LONDON, S.E.I
Telephone : Waterloo 1442 (3 lines).
September 17, 1932 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
5
INDEX TO ADVERTSSERS
Armour & Co., Ltd. (Pepsin, Ac.) .. 10 Askit, Ltd. (Headache Powders) .... 12 -Association of Manfg. Cliemists, Ltd.
Col. Supp. Ayer, Harriet Hubbard, Ltd. (Toilet
Preparations) 19
Ayrton, Saunders & Co., Ltd. (Whole- sale Druggists) Cover
Bandoeng Quinine Factories (Quinine and Salts) vi
Beattie, Hunter (Shaving Soap, &c.) 8
Bell, John, Hills & Lucas, Ltd. (Pharm. Preps.) Leader Page
Berdoe & Fish, Ltd, (Valuers. Ac.)
Col. Supp.
Eerman, A,, & Sons (Rubber Goods) xviii Birley's Antacid, Ltd. (Indigestion
Remedy) xiv
Britannia Laboratories, Ltd. (Snow) 15 British Diamalt Co. (Extract, of
Malt) xvi
British Felsol Co., Ltd. (Asthma
Remedy) Leader Page
Britton, Malcolm & "Waymark, Ltd.
(Autoclave) 4
Brook, Parker & Co., Ltd. (Dutch
Droips) viii
Brooks, Haywood & Co., Ltd. (Razor
Blades) 20
Buckley-Bowker Tablet Co., Ltd.
(Tablets) iv
BuralJ Bros. (D. & P. Books) 24
Burge, Wairren & Ridgley, Ltd.
(Surgical Rubber Goods) xviii
Burrough, James, Ltd. (Alcohol)
Leader Page Burroughs Wellcome <fe Co. (Quinine,
&c.) 31
Butywave Co. (Shampoo Powder) 14
Caldicot Tin Stamping Works, Ltd'.
(Decorated Tins) xxii
Charles Roger Laboratories. Ltd.
(Creme Siamoise) 16
Christy, T., & Co. (Cachet Machines) 24 Clark, S. F. (Valuer, Ac.) .... Col. Snpp. Cockburn & Co.. Ltd'. (Little Victor
Inhaler) 2
Constipon Tablets 8
Continental Laboratories. Ltd.
(Veinotrope) vi
Cooper Laboratory, Ltd. (Tablets.
Ac.) Leader Page
Cox, A. H.. & Co., Ltd. (Zim Series) 1 Crookes Laboratories (Iodine and
Blackcurrant Pastilles) xii
Deodis Proprietaries, Ltd. (Perfumed
Personal Antiseptic) Cover
Dick. W. B., A Co., Ltd, (Liquid
Paraffin) x
Dimol Laboratories, Ltd'. (Pulverettes) xiv Dixor, Ltd. (Toilet Preparations) .. 14 Dudley & Co., Ltd. (Glass Counters,
Ac.) 12
Dunlop Rubber Co. (Hot Water
Bottles) xxi
Evans Sons Lescher & Webb, Ltd. (LysoU 13
Fairy Dyes, Ltd. (Dyes) 22
Fassett & Johnson, Ltd. (Phyllosan) xv
Fecher, M. J., Ltd. (lo-dine Pencil) xx
Fink, F., & Co. (Gums) 24
Ford, Shapland A Co., Ltd. (" Sol-vo "
Toilet Paper) 30
Galen Products Co., Ltd. (Glycerine
Pastilles, Ac.) 27
Gambles, J. C, & Co., Ltd. (Anti-
septikol Tooth Paste) 17
G-ardner, W., A Sons (Glos.), Ltd.
(Machinery) 26
Gem Automatic Weighing Machine
Co., Ltd'. .■ 12
Genatosan, Ltd. (Genozo. Ac.) xiit
General Optical Co. (Ophthalmic
Instruments, Ac.) 22
George, Ernest J. (Valuer. Ac.) Co!. Supp.
Glycerine, Ltd vi
Gollin A Co. Pty., Ltd. (Aspro) .... xvii Grout A Co.. Ltd. (Crepe Bandages) xviii
Hackett, S. E. (Film Overstocks)
Col. Supp.
Hampden Residential Club .. Col. Supp. Hampshire, F. W.. A Co. (1927),
Ltd. (Snowfire Jelly) xii
Holroyd's Oil A Ceresine Co., Ltd. .. 24 Hubbuck, T., A Son, Ltd. (Oxide of
Zinc) ij
Iva Manfg. Co. (Fur Puffs) 16
Johnson & Sons Manufacturing Chemists, Ltd. (Fine Chemicals. &c.) iii
Josephs. Philip, A Sons (Shopfittings;
Col. Supp.
Jules Freres (Toilet Preps.) 18
Kay Bros., Ltd. (Flycatchers) 24
King, G., A Co., Ltd. (Foods) .... Cover
King, J. C, Ltd. (Showcases) xx
Kinross, A. (Printing) 8
Klein, Jos. (Chip Boxes) 24
Kof-oh Co., Ltd, (Wonder Ointment,
Ac.) viii
Kotex, Ltd. (Kotex Sanitary Pad) Cover
Levermore, A., A Co., Ltd. (Precipi- tated Chalk) 24
Lofthouse A Saltmer, Ltd. (Losall's Salt) xvi
London College of Pharmacy 12
[Continued overleaf.
Your biggest price margin — definitely on British SUGAR OF MILK
Low-priced anci all-English. Serolac is the
new brand of Sugar of Milk.
Because Whey Products Limited, who make
it, are the only manufacturers of Sugar of
Milk in the country, they are still able
to sell on a level with the cheapest foreign
competitor.
Compare these prices
Sugar of Milk (Serolac Brand) is packed in I, I and i lb. tins, attractively labelled and selling at trade terms of —
I lb. tins - - 15/- a dozen. ^ lb. tins - - a dozen.
^ lb. tins. - - 4/9 a dozen.
Carriage forward. Compare these low prices with what you
now pay, and see the substantial extra profit from buying Serolac — and British. If you prefer, supplies will be forwarded in blank tins for you to label with your own name and design.
Serolac Sugar of Milk is extracted, refined and sold by Whey Products Ltd., Hash ngton, Cheshire. Head Office : Trowbridge, Wilts.
Sugar of Milk in bulk
Sugar of Milk (Serolac Brand) in bulk is packed in i cwt. and 2 cwt. Venesta kegs lined with grease-proof paper. Carriage paid quotations are gladly supplied on request.
SUGAR OF MILK (SEROLAC BRAND)
6
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
September 17, 1932
iNDEX-cont.
Manchester Tutorial College xviii
Mather, William, Ltd. (Corn Plaisters)
xxii
Matthews & Wilson (1931), Ltd.
(Pills and Tablets) iv
Matthews, D., & Son (Shopfittings)
Col. Supp. Matthews Laboratories, Ltd-. (Nostro-
line) Leader Page
Maund, F., & Berg, E., Ltd. (Show- cases) Col. Supp.
Maw, S., Son & Sons, Ltd 11
Maxwell, Plaistowe & Co., Ltd.
(Sandalwood Oil) iii
Meggeson & Co., Ltd. (Vistic, &c.) .. i Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co.,
Ltd. (Cosmos Lamps) '^0
Milter,, A., & Co.,- Ltd.: (Orange
Wine) ..■ 24
Miils, J. M., Ltd. (Methylated
Spirit) xiv
Mitchell, N. W., &. Snow, Ltd.
(Corks) xxii
MoTson, T., & Son, Ltd. (Kieosote) .. vii
Mosans Quinine Pessaries xviii
Myers, E. J. (Shopfittings) .. Col. Supp.
National Chemical Holdings, Ltd.
(Foot Bath Salts, Ac.) 20
National Drug Industries, Ltd'.
(B.P. Lines) viii
National Union of Drug & Chemical
Workers Col. Supp.
Newbery, F., & Sons, Ltd. (Hot
Water Bottles) ' — '. xix
Newcastl'e-on-Tyne Zinc Oxide Co.,
Ltd. V. 3i
Orridge & Co. (Valuers, Ac.) Col. Supp.
Pam Manfg. Co., Ltd. (Sanitary
Pads) 25
Parfum-erie de Fluery (Perfumes,
Ac.) 9
Parke, Davis & Co. (Winter Lines) 21 Perry & Hope, Ltd. (Phosphate of
Soda) viii
Pitman, Sir Isaac, & Sons, Ltd.
(Books) 24
Pollard, E., & Co., Ltd. (Shopfittings) viii Poth, Hille & Co., Ltd. (Cer«sine
Wax) X
Potter & Clarke, Ltd. (Wholesale
Druggists) 29
Preemo Co. (Perfume Essences) 20
Ransom, W., & Son, Ltd. (Solid
Extracts, &c.) Cover-v
Riley, J., & Sons, Ltd. (Hypo, &c.) .. iv
Roberts & Co. (Robuval, &c.) xiv
Roberts' Patent Filling Machine Co. 26 Robinson & Sons, Ltd. (Perfumery
Boxes) 26
Rowland, A., & Sons, L.td. (Macassar
Oil) 14
R^udduek & Co. (Shopfittings) Col. Supp. Rutherford, J., & Co. (Locarno
Toilet Roll) 30
Schering, Ltd. (Pharmacentical
Specialities) Leader Page
Scniton, O., & Co. (Nurse Harvey's
Mixture) 30
Scurr, C. A. (Optical Tuition) 12
Shadeine Co. (Hair Dyes) 24
Shadforth Prescription Service
("Brain Sparklers") x
Shelley Potteries, Ltd. (Slipper Bed .
Pan) xviii
Sherley, A. F.,- &' Co., Ltd. (Veteri- nary Preparations) 23
Smith, T. & H., Ltd. (Alkaloids) .... iv Smith, T. J., & Nephew, Ltd. (Blas'toplast Specialities) 7
Southall Bros. & Barclay, Ltd.
(Sanitary Towels) xxii
Speer, W. E., & Son (Toothbrushes) 24
Stapleton & Son (Archanium) ........ x
Sterns, Ltd. (Oils, Petroleum) xii
Surgical Hosiery Co., Ltd xx
Suttley & Silverlock, Ltd. (Adver- tising Scheme) 23
Teasdale & Co., Ltd. (Nipits Throat Pastilles) xl
Thompson, John (Wholesale Drug- gists, 1921), Ltd. (Logan Liniment) 6
Toogood, Wm., Ltd. (Bakelito Capped Bottles, &c.) xix
T.P. Company (Toilet Rolls) xxii
United Glass Bottle Manufacturers, Ltd. (Medical Bottlos) xxiii
Veno Drug Co. (1925), Ltd. (Veco Products) xxiv
Warner, W. R., & Co., Ltd. (Sloan's
Liniment) 28
AVarrick Bros., Ltd. (Winter Pas- tilles) 32
Webster T., & Co., Ltd. (Stoppers) xxii Westminster College of Pharmacy .. 12 Whey Products, Ltd. (Milk Sugar) .. 5 Whitfen & Sons, Ltd. (Bromides,
Cover
Whitnker <& Co. (Kendal), Ltd. (Hat Dyes, Household Dyes) 12
Wilcox, Jozeau & Co. (Optrex Eye Lotion) 3
Wilkinson, James F. (Printing) — xvi
Wyleys, Ltd. (Pharmaceuticals) .. Cover
Zeal, G. H., Ltdi. (Clinicals) xix
Zimmerm.ann, A. & M. (Chemicals) .. vi Zimmermann, C, & Co. (Chem.), Ltd.
(Chemicals, &c.) :x
ENT
For Rhcuma^
XU
May we direct your attention to this standard Remedy for Rheumatism and all aches and pains?
piRST AND FOREMOST, IT IS ENTIRELY BRITISH.
a most excellent formula—its sale is restricted to the Drug Trade— and it is extremely effective. The leading Football Clubs use it regularly, and once used it is in regular demand.
MAKES AN ATTRACTIVE WINDOW DISPLAY MARGIN OF PROFIT IS DECIDEDLY SATISFACTORY
Wt)y push foreign preparations at a higher price and less profit ?
This is a "worth-while" line. Ask us to send you a sample bottle and special terms.
Retail Prices 1/3 & 3/- per bottle. Wholesale Terms 9/- & 24/- per doz.
JOHN THOMPSON
WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS 1921
LTD. oyjKE ST LIVERPOOL
September 17, 1932
THE CHEMIST AND DKUGGIST
7
FOR ALL INJURIES & SUPPORT
THE ORIGINAL AND BEST ELASTIC PLASTER AS USED IN PRACTICALLY EVERY HOSPITAL FOR VARICOSE VEINS AND ULCERS, SPRAINS, STRAINS. ETC.
KHI
" Elastoplast " and " Viscopaste N.H.I." may be dispensed against any pre- scriptions for Elastic Adhesive Bandages and Zinc Paste Bandages.
ALL BRITISH
If you have not yet had samples of the new Elastoplast-Elastic Plaster wound dressings, ask your Wholesaler or send for samples to the Manufacturers :—
T. J. SMITH & NEPHEW, LTD. ^ " V:
_ ; " iHULL : LONDON : GLASGOW : MANCHESTER
Enquiries to : Dept. C, 42 Tavistock Sq., London, W.C.I.
8
THE CHEMIST AND DEUGGIST September 17, 1932
HmBm Tm Hm Bm Tm
m Tm HmBm Tm
The finest SHAVING SOAP PROPOSITION on the Market
Here is something MEW and GOOD to show your customers. Send your orders before existing stocks are cleared. Orders executed in strict rotation. Manufacture going on at highest pressure.
H.B.T. ASEPTIC SHAVING SOAP — true to every claim made for it— made with the expressed Juices of Living Plants— the flat lather with the most wonderful properties- rapid lathering— lasting lather— giving a cool, quick, and close shave— soothing and healing. H.B.T. so softens the beard, and its minute globules cluster so closely round each hair that it maintains the hair in a rigid upright position against the oncoming blade, so that it is a straight cut and does not blunt the razor edge, and the razor blades last longer. Then this wonderful Soap is now housed in a container worthy of it.
A NEW PATENT CONTAINER and HOLDER with the NON-RETURN PLUNGER
in black Bakelite with a beautiful mottled green cover. Whenever the soap wears down the user simply pushes up the plunger about half an inch and the stick remains set. IT CANNOT SLIDE BACK. It cannot rock, slip or overturn. The user does not hold the soap itself, but the holder which gives a good grip. It allows every vestige of the Shaving Soap to be used up completely. A refill can be inserted instantly.
H.B.T. ASEPTIC SHAVING SOAP in New Patent Container 1/3. Trade II/- per doz. Refills I/- — 8/- per doz.
Of all Wholesale Houses, or direct from
HUNTER BEATTIE,Monteith Row, Glasgow, S.E.
B.C.M/H.B.T.
CHEMISTS
If you do not stock the NATIONALLY ADVERTISED
line
CONSTIPON
we will send you a small supply with all advertising matter on
SALE OR RETURN
GLASGOW, C.2
tt
Print More
Sell
ore
5>
To no otlier field of activity does this Printer's Slogan apply with greater force than to Chemists' Printing
1 lO]
CARTONS : LABELS : ENVELOPES
Broughton Market, EDINBURGH
September 17, 1932 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
9
tkrougliout the country
DeFLEURY
PERFUMES & TOILET DELIGHTS
A display of Parfumerie de Fleury in your window will very soon prove to you the money- miking possibilities of this new series
PARFUMERIE DE FLEURY RAWDON LEEDS
10
THE CHEMIST AND DKUGGIST September 17, 1932
Adeps Benzoatus
Adrenalin
Amylopsin
Beef Juice*
Carminex
Catgut*
Cerebrinin
Corpus Luteum*
Diastase (Animal)
Digestive Ferments
Duodenin
Enzymes*
Galactis
Ha:moglobin
Insulase*
Lactated Pepsin
Lecithin
Ligatures*
Liver*
Lymphatic
Mammary
Mam-Ovarian
Mam-Placenta
Meduphites
Multigland*
Myelin
Orchitic
Ovarian*
Ovarian Residue*
Ovo-Testis*
Ovo-Thyroid
Ox Gall
Pancreas
Pancreatin
Parathyroid*
„ Compound* Pepsin Peptone* Pineal
Pituitary .WholeGland* „ Anterior Lobe* „ Posterior Lobe* „ Compound*
Placenta
Prostate
Red Bone Marrow* Renal Cortex Spleen*
Supra Medulla* Suprarenal*
J, Compound*
5, Cortex Suprarenalin* Thromboplastin* Thymus
„ Compound Thyropophosis Thyroid*
Thyro-Manganese* Trypsin
* LITERATURE AVAILABLE ON REQUEST
f =
for
LIVER
THYROID ;
932
GLANDULAR
26
VISIT OUR STAND No. at the
SCOTTISH CHEMISTS' EXHIBITION GLASGOW SEPTEMBER 19-23
LABORATORY
ARMOUR
DEPARTMENT
COMPANY
ARMOUR HOUSE, St. MARTIN'S-LE-GRAND,
LONDON, E.G.I.
TELEGRAMS: " ARIVICSATA-CENT," LONDON. TELEPHONE: NATIONAL 2424.
September 17, 1932 THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
11
Maw's Page
"''W/^//Mm////m'jl^//y,
AUCNETISM
Is your pharmacy a business magnet ? Is it a centre of attraction or merely one of a row of shops ? Does It draw customers to your counter and hold them there ? Does it pull business away from your outside competitors ?
Your pharmacy ought to be outstanding. It ought to be impossible to pass without noticing it. It ought to reflect your personality and the proper atmosphere of pharmacy. At the same time it ought to show and sell your goods successfully.
To design and build pharmacies like this is not easy. It requires knowledge and experience of
shopfitting technique and, above all, it demands pharmaceutical training. A good ordinary shop may be a bad pharmacy and pharmaceutical shopfitting IS a thing apart.
Maw's are truly pharmacy designers and con- structors. They have been bred in the phar- maceutical atmosphere, and have grown up With pharmaceutical traditions. A " Maw " phar- macy combines all that is best in pharmacy with all that is best in business. It is a profit maker and a prestige builder. It is a sound investment, a safeguard of future prosperity.
// you arc contemplating any fitting work, from the installation of a simple showcase to complete equipment or reconstruction of a pharmacy, consul^ Maw's. We will help you with suggestions, sketches and estimates of cost.
12
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
September 17, 1932
POWDERS AND TABLETS FOR HEADACHES, NEURALGIA, NEURITIS, INFLUENZA, RHEUMATIC AND ALL NERVE PAINS
"ASKIT" POWDERS AND TABLETS HAVE BEEN NATIONALLY ADVERTISED FOR TWENTY -FIVE YEARS
A SOUND SELLING LINE WITH STEADILY INCREASING SALES AND A SUBSTANTIAL MARGIN
FROM ALL WHOLESALERS OR DIRECT FROIVI
ASKIT LTD.
MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS KEPPOCHILL ROAD
GLASGOW
WINNER STOCKING DYES
Make OLD, FADED or SPLASHED STOCKINGS Ot any material like NEW again.
Smartly packed in Waxed Tubes and Cartons. Supplied in 12 Latest Stocking Colours : — Copper Beech, Suntan, Nude, New Brown, Beige, Bulrush. Cocoa, Florence Mills, Eoae Glow, Smoke Grey, Dago, Ciuncietal. Price 2/- per dozen. Retail 3d. per Tube. Very attractive Display Case free with one gross. Order Ui-4ay from : —
WHITAKER & CO. (Kendal) LTD.
WINNER HOME DYES
THE FINEST OBTAINABLE for WOOL, SILK, COTTON, etc.
Smartly packed in Waxed Tubes and Cartons. Supplied in 24 Specially Concentrated Fast Colours : — Black, Navy Blue, Blue, Saxe Blue, Royal Blue, Fawn, Brown, Dark Brown, Nigiier Brown, Purple, Lavender, Mauve, Green, Dark Green, Emerald, Red, Pink, Cherry, Old Rose. Grey, Cream, Yellow. Orange, Brick. Price 2/- per dozen. RkU";!! 3(i. per Tube. Very attractive Display Case free with one gross.
Dye Specialists for Chemists, KENDAL, ENG.
LONDON COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
(Founded by H. WOOTTON, B.Sc.) C. W. GOSLING, Ph.C. Principal: IRVINE G. RANKIN, B.Sc, Ph.C.
SPECIALISTS IN TRAINING PHARMACISTS.
Day — Evening — Fu I l-Ti me — Part-Time — Revision Courses. Next Session Commences
PRELIM. SCIENTIFIC CHEMIST & DRUGGIST QUALIFYING OCTOBER 5th. Prospectus Post Free.
Apply to the Secretary, 361 CLAPHAM ROAD, S.W.9. Telephone: Brixton 2161.
WESTMINSTER COLLEGE OF PHARMACY.
WILLS' UNIVERSAL POSTAL SYSTEM
FEES (GT. BRITAIN & N, IRELAND).
PRELIMINARY SCIENTIFIC COURSE - £1 10
QUALIFYING COURSE -£110
APOI HECARIES' HALL COURSE - - - £1 11 6
POSTAL COURSE PROSPECTUS POST FREE from The Secretary,
190 CLAPHAM ROAD, S.W.9.
Let the "GEM " make money for you
Write for particulars and name of local agent to the manufacturers
THE GEM
AUTOMATIC WEIGHING MACHINE COMPANY
LIMITED 48 NEW CITY ROAD GLASGOW, C.4 K'VPORT'— Buy now on favour- ^ ^ able Exchange Rate
MANY SUCCESSES IN THE EXAMINATIONS
Your Opportunity to
QUALIFY IN OPTICS
PRACTICAL WORK. Personal tuition in the practical work is a distinctive feature. Students can avail themselves of the practical classes held dur- ing examination times when they are in London.
Exfierl Tuilionfor ihe SIGHT-TESTING DIPLOMAS of the Worship- Jul Ccmnany oj Spectacle Makers iF.S.M.C.) ; the British Optical Association (F.B.O.A.) ; the National Association of Opticians {F.N.A.O. ; or the College of Optics (F.C.O.)
Write tor full particulars —
C.A.SCURR, lVl.P.S.,F.S.M.C.,F.B.O.A.,F.N.A.O.,B.Sc.,F.I.O.,F.C.O. 50 HIGH STREET, BARNET. LONDON, N.
DUDLEY'S GLASS COUNTERS
Made in our OWN WORKS at HOLLOWAY
from
£9:5:0 each
Constructed from well seasoned oak or mahogany with i drawn plate glass top, front and- 2 ends, clear filass doors at back. Interior fitted one row of shelves,
DUDLEY & COMPANY LTD. 3ft hj«hx 2(, wide
4 ft. long £9 OS. •
5 ft. „ £10 Os.
6 ft. „ £10 15s.
City Showrooms : 65/66 Fore Street, E.G. Ex Wori!s
Holloway Road, London, N.7
Skptember 17 10,3-2
THE CTTMMlSr AND DTI UG GIST
13
(LYSOL EVANS)
Every Batch Standardised
EVANSOL is the Lysol of distinction ; always reliable. It contains 50% distilled cresylic acid ; is perfectly soluble in hard or soft water — a pleasant odour, and leaves no " film on surgical instruments.
Supply "EVANSOL" and you ensure satisfaction. The illustration above shows the attractive Display Material provided, and includes brightly-coloured crepe paper in two shades.
EVANS SONS LESCHER & WEBB LTD
LIVERPOOL
DUBLIN
LONDON
14
THE CHEMIST AND DEUGGIST-
Sept-ember 17, 1932
the original combinecl Cream and Powd
o
er
The advertised line that you are asked for.
NOW ON P.A.T.A. Samples free upon receipt of trade card or billhead.
PRICES :— No. 1. Handbag tube 3/- doz. Retail -/4^ No. 2. Small tube - 4/- No. 3. Medium tube 7/- No. 4. Large tube - 14/- No. 5. Super tube - 22/- Pots (glass) - 21/- Pots de luxe (unbreakable) - - 36/- Made in jour shades : WHITE, IVORY, NATURAL and OCHRE. Obtainable from yoar regular Wholesaler or direct from the Manufacturers :
DIXOR, LTD., 68, Newman St., Oxford St., London, W.l
Sole Distributors for
Northern Ireland : ROBERT MAYRS & CO., 43 Chichester Street, BELFAST Irish Free State : MAY, ROBERTS & CO. LTD., Grand Canal Qxxny, DUBLIN
-/6 1/- 2/- 3/.
2/9 4/6
profitable Trade . , .
When you recommend Rowland's Macassar Oil as a hair tonic and dressing you are well on the way to a steady, profitable trade, for it is a line which ensures regular purchases.
For 139 years It has been giving complete satisfaction in every part of the world, and, as it is not a cheap line, it brings you a good-class trade. Widely known and extensively advertised, Rowland's Macassar Oil is easy to sell.
Rowland's Macassar Oil is perfumed willi anar of roses and is obtainable in nso forms — red for dark hair, golden for fair or grey hair.
19^
A. ROWLAND S; SONS, LTD.
27. LAYSTALL ST., ROSEBERY AVE., LONDON, E.C.I
r
September 17, 1932 THE CHEMIST AND DEUGGIST
15
Sensational Sales
THE NEW RAZORLESS
SHAVE
WRITE FOR THE ATTRACTIVE
WINDOW DISPLAYS
which will attract and keep a crowd of fascinated people at your window
Window display 101 (19"x29"
Men— Part) Window display 103 (56"; 29"
Men and Women) Counter card 106 (S"x12")
YOU ONLY NEED TO STOCK
" SN2W "
OUR ADVERTSSING AND WINDOW DISPLAYS move it off your shelves
BUY "SN2W" UNDER OUR
BONUS OFFER
(Introduction Offer good until October 3rd. 1932) The large package of " Snow " with spatula and superfine fibre brush is sold at 3/-. You buy
12 large pckgs. of "Snow" 2S/- 1 , FREE
Here is a typical " SNOW " advertisement
13 „
Sells at
25/- 39/-
FILL UP COUPON AND POST IT AT ONGE
POST T His COUPON TO DAY !
THE BRITANNIA LABORATORIES, 13 Little Titchfield St., LONDON, W.I
Deliver the following :—
12 large boxes of "Snow" 25/-
J_ „ „ „ FREE
*13 „ „ „ ~25h
Furthermore deliver immediately :—
Window display No. 101 Window display No. 103
Counter cards No. 105
My Wholesaler is. My Name
My Address
If less than a dozen is ordered delivery will be mnde through your wholesaler. Dozen orders will be dispatched direct from our factory but they will be billed through your wholesaler-
D. 17/9/33
16
THE CHEMIST
AND DRUGGIST September 17, 1932
Creme Siamoise is now being manufactured in England. This famous French product will effect more sales for you. Attractively packed and with handsome Show material, it will prove an attraction to all up-to-date establishments. Whilst the high quality is being maintained, every endeavour has been made to keep the prices at a popular level. Advertising has already begun and an intensive campaign is being developed.
PRICES :
CREME SIAMOISE LAQUE SIAMOISE
Nuit and Jour,
Sac Tubes... I,arge ,, ... .Small Jars... Medium „ ... I<arge ,, ... Mixed ,, ...
fd.
1/6 1/6 2/. 3/6 4/-
Dozen 4/- 12/. 12/- 16/. 28/. 32/-
(Cream Rouge) Jars 2/6 ... 20/. Dozen
POUDRE SIAMOISE
Small Box 1/6 ... 12/- Doz. I^arge ,, 2/3 ... 18/. „ (Naturelle, rachel clair, rachel fouce, rose, blanche, clair, peche, ocre, mauresque.)
13 to the dozen through your Wholesaler or direct from the
Sole Sales Concessionnnires for Ike British Isles and Dominions
CHARLES ROGER Laboratories Ltd. 15 Great James Street, London, W.C.I.
WRITE FOR SPECIAL DISPLAY TERMS.
Creme
Siamoise
Everywhere
women are demanding
•* I V A " the real fur puff that washes . . .
Our Advertising continues . . . The interest of all women is definitely aroused . . . Letters are reaching us from all over the country . . . You will find it profitable to keep a prominent display of the puff that all the talk's about.
"IVA" is the easy-to-remember name for the only fadeless, washable, real fur powder puff. It is guaranteed 100% hygienic, made in the newest pastel and fashionable shades — and it is British.
"IVA" Fur Puffs are retailed at popular prices ranging from 6d. upwards, showing the full trade profit on all lines, with the usual discount terms. For example, the 6d. puff costs you 4/3 per dozen, the 9d. puff 5/9 per dozen, the 1/- puff 7/9 per dozen, and so on. A wide range of Sports and Handkerchief puffs are also available.
The wholesale houses have comprehensive stocks ready for your demands.
A
^1 PU*^
WHOLESALE STOCKISTS OF "IVA" FUR PUFFS from whom you can obtain full details and stocks of all styles,
R. HOVENDON & SONS LTD.,
89-95. City Road, E.C.I 29, Berners Street, W.l BUTLER & CRISPE LTD., 80/84, Clerkenwell Road, E.C.I
BARCLAY & SONS LTD., 95. Farringdon Street, E.C.4
SANGERS LTD., 42a, Hampstead Road, N.W.I HEWLETT & SONS LTD., 35, Charlotte Street, E.C.2 WILLIAM TOOGOOD LTD., 77, Southwark Street, S.E.I
WATTS BROS. LTD., 72, Cannon Street, Manchester
SINGLE DALBY & CO.. 42, Oldham Road, Manchester
T. & H. SMITH LTD., 32/4, Virginia Street, Glasgow LORIMER & MOYES LTD..
7, Montrose Street, Glasgow 11, Waterloo Place. Edinburgh
HEATH BROS.. 101/3, Chapel Street, Salford lOHN J. DENTON LTD., 7, Williamson Square, Liverpool JAMES TOMPKINS LTD., 386. City Road, E.C.I CHARLES JONES.RADFORD & CO., LTD.. 80, Coleman Street, E.C.2
KEN & CO. LTD., 56, Rathbone Place, W.l SILK'S TOILET CO.,
8, Red Lion St. , London. W.C.t FRANCIS NEWBURY &
SONS LTD.. 27. Charterhouse Square, London, E.C.I
100 HYGI
/o
ENIC
THE "IVA" MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 25-29 BANNER STREET : LONDON : E.Cl
September 17, 1932
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
17
^^^^^^^^^^
ANTISEPTIKOL is a thoroughly efficient fragrant and refreshing Dental Cream, each tube is filled with a preparation that will cleanse, brighten and whiten teeth with protection from caries, also possessing the added virtues of keeping gums firm and the entire oral cavity in an aseptic and healthy condition. It makes no extravagant claims, but will uphold the prestige of the Chemist in recom- mending items that will honestly benefit his patrons.
This showcard is particularly striking. The colour scheme being Silver, Green, Black and Vermilion. Monochrome does not do it justice, and as an attraction and business compeller it will be found unequalled either in window or on counter. It will make sales almost automatic, thus saving valuable " sales time " for you and your assistants in their busy day.
Proprietors end Menufdctwers ANTISEPTIKOL Ltd.
Sole Wholesale Distributors
J. C. GAMBLES & CO. Ltd.
211-215, Blackfriars Road, London, S.E.1
18
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
September 17, 1932
ihervk a growing demni among menforareanij^ood Eair Cream -lhalu why
'jyiLTSDA'sALEs
COUP
JULYSIA arouses the enthusiasm of client and chemist alike. Men like it because it gives them all they wish for in a hair cream at a very moderate price. Chemists like it because it assures them a steadily-moving line allied v^ith substantial profit. Read these details of our bonus scheme :—
"JULYSIA" CREAM IS PACKED IN TWO SIZES
I/- size at 8/- doz. 1/6 size at 12/- doz.
No. I PARCEL
BONUS TERMS-13 bots. to tlie doz. SPECIAL CARRIAGE PAID PARCELS On Bonus Terms :—
No. 2 PARCEL
4 dozen I/- size 3 dozen I/- size. I dozen 1/6 size
With FREE BONUS of 4 X I/- Bottles With FREE BONUS of 3 x I/- & I x 1/6 and 4 x I pints for Saloon use Bottles and 4 x I pints for Saloon use
"JULYSIA" is also supplied in Bulk for Saloon use :— 7/6 gallon, 4/- half gallon, 1/6 pint
A PRODUCT OF
JULCSFReRCS
Perfumers, 154-164 WALWORTH ROAD, LONDON, S.E.
Ltp
September 17, 1932
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
19
y J. c^kC^ (^fi/d (m\£,^ ^^iifX^ (Tiri/i)
11
BediUiy's Best Friends/:
Undiminislied popularity in spite of difficult times — tfiat is the true test of success. Harriet Hubbard Ayer preparations have been scllins largely in this country for four years. And/ at this crucial moment, they are actually gaining ground in the hearts of thousands of discriminating women.
W^tdespread and dignified advertising in important papers and periodicals has done much. But it is the purity, effectiveness, and clever planning of these preparations which is, above all, responsible for their steady progress.
Become a Harriet Hubbard Ayer agent now — and before a month is out you will ccn- gratulate yourself. L,uxuria' — the biggest selling number — is much in favour at the moment because it enables women to cleanse, soothe, and nourish their skin with a single preparation.
Give us the pleasure of a personal call, or write for particulars to Harriet Hubbard Ayer Ltd., 13o Regent Street, London, W.I.
The retail prices of the famous LUXURIA Cream are 2/3, 4/=, 8/6, u/p Skin & Tissue Builder 4/=, 7/6, iS/p, 3o/- Beautifying Face Cream 4/=, 7/6, iS/p, So/- Beautifying Face Powder 4/3 Complexion Balm 3/6, 7/= Eau de Beautc 4/=, 8/=
HARRIEl HUBBAR
Beauty Preparations
NEWyORK LONDON
AYER
LTD.
PARIS
5 . p^^?
'4>
20
'THE CHEMIST AND DEUGGIST
September 17, 1932
Your windows aglow with inviting brilliance never fail to bring customers to your shop.
When ordering your next consignment of lamps specify:—
COSMOS LAMPS
METROVICK'S " LIGHT" PRODUCT
METROPOLITAN - VICKERS ELECTRICAL CO., LTD.
TRAFFORD PARK
MANCHESTER
RETAILED
RETAILED
IN SPRINKLERS
IN CARTONS
FOOT BATH SALTS
- AND
(in Cartons)
FOOT DUSTING POWDER
(in Sprinlders)
You can confidently recommend these to your customers, it will ensure satisfaction and bring rapid repeats^
We will send Carr. Paid with 3-Colour Show Ma:ter.
1 Doz. Assorted for 4 3 ; 3 Doz. for 12/
A NATIONAL CHEMICAL HOLDINGS PREPARATION. SOLE DISTRIBUTORS :—
C. L. SHARD & Co., Ltd.,
212/214 Gt. Portland Street, London, W.I
use PREEMO
PERFUME ESSENCES
In the MANUFACTURE of your TOILET PREPARATIONS.
You can always rely on - the quality and uniform strength of the
PREEmO ESSENCES.
They will nnix freely with spirit, water, fat and oil.
Send for Free Samples and Price List.
THE PREEMO CO.
63 High Holborn, London. W.C.1.
ENGLAND'S LAST WORD
IN SAFETY RAZOR BLADES THE GREAT "TOM THUMB"
(ACTUAL SIZE OF BLADEi
Retails
Retails at
TOM^ [HUMB \ at
each
each
MADE BY
Brooks,Haywood &Co.Ltd.,ShilohWorks, Sheffield
September 17, 1932 THE CHEMIST AND DEUGGIST
21
Laboratories : Hounslou), Middlesex : Inc.U.S.A ., Linbility Limited
22
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST September 17, 1032
We Illustrate Two Items
FROM THE SECTION OF OUR CATALOGUE DEALING WITH
OPHTHALMIC INSTRUMENTS
TRIAL CASES, SIGHT TESTING CHARTS, ETC.
A COPY OF THIS SECTION OR THE COMPLETE CATALOGUE WILL GLADLY BE SENT ON REQUEST
THE " GENO " CABINET TRIAL CASE
THE OPTICIANS GREATEST CARE SHOULD BE THE CHOICE OF THE FINEST POSSIBLE EQUIPMENT
Our endeavour has always been to manufacture and supply only - THE BEST —
General Optical £o.
(E. T. & F. W. CORNWELL)
120 CLERKENWELL ROAD LONDON, E.G.!
THE "GENO MINOR" REFRACTIONIST'S CHAIR
LONDON DEPOT: 292 UPPER ST., ISLINGTON - N.l
FAIRY DYES
are big sellers — always in popular demand. They mean quick turnover and liberal profits. Fairy Dyes are forging steadily ahead and you should periodically inspect your stocks.
Retailed at 2d. per tube — attractively packed. 31 shades and colours.
Be wise — stock
FAIRY DYES.. LTD.. GLASGOW, N.W.
September 17, 1932
THE CHEMIST AND DEUGGIST
23
SALES-SATISFACTION
for YOU
When you sell Sherley's Dog and Cat Medicines you have the satisfaction of knowing that your Custo- mers will be Satisfied, and they will come again. These popular lines are renowned for their Purity, Safety and
for Your Customers
Efficacy, and the Exten- sive Advertising Campaign which is always in opera- tion ensures a steady and continuous demand. They show good profits and are supplied on terms which eliminate all risk of loss.
DOG OWNERS
ARE INSISTING
ON
SHERLEY'S
SHERLEY'S
DOG & CAT MEDICINES
QUANTITY TERMS
—are available for SHERLEY'S Tonic & Condition Powders and Worm Remedies — now packed on attractive Display Cards. Also for £7. Assorted Parcels.
Full Literature and Sales- Compelling Show Cards are available. Send a Postcard for particulars to : — A. F. Sherlcy & Co., Ltd., 18 Marshalsea Road, LONDOIM . ... S.E.I.
LACTOL AND LACTOL BISCUITS
A YEAR'S EFFECTIVE ADVERTISING For Less than 3/6 P®*" week
Address Enquiries to
■^HIS IS THE TITLE of an interesting folder describing something altogether new in the way of advertising that we have prepared for you, Mr. Retail Chemist— something that will help you to maintain and increase sales during these difficult times, at a price well within your means.
Worth Investigating
Don't You Think So ?
As printers for chemists for over a century, we have had ample opportunity of studying the chemist's selling problems, and we have used the knowledge thus gained for YOUR benefit. So send for this folder NOW— before you forget about it— and find out all about this advertising scheme.
SUTTLEY & SILVERLOCK. LTD.
Head Office: 92 BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON. S.E.1 Pubhcity Dept. : MORLEY HOUSE, 3U REGENT STREET, W.1
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
September 17, 1932
V.
LIGHTEST— MEDIUM— DENSE.
And All Other Grades To Suit Every Purpose.
CHEMICALS FOR ALL INDUSTRIES.
CHALK
rhone : Manuon Hoii.^c 7300. Tel. Add. : " Lcvermors, Phone, London.
A. LEVERMORE & CO. LTD. ABccodes
no CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C.4.
5th & 6th Uditions.
Pure Orange Wine
A. MILLAR & CO., Ltd., DUBLIN
IV1>;U1H AURANTII B P.) Prejiared in strict accordance witlv the Formula of the British Pharmacopoeiii. (Whole=a:e oatv.i
Samples from Head Office, Tliomas Street, DUBIJN, or I^ondon Office, 74 Great Tower Street, LONDON, E.C.3
PARAFFINUM LIOUIDUM
P.
Civrro A TTTnUTT'TC'r'nC'TTVHOLROYD'S OIL & CERESINE CO., LTD. EjAlKAMlljrJtl Vlol^Uoll 1 3New London St..London,E,C.3.
'/'/jort*.-^ 3395 ItopaL iVires: Errikolrou Fm,
B
TRAGACANTH and ARABIC
As Imported or Finely Powdered WHITE SHELLAC
FREDK. FINK & CO., 10 <& II Mincing Lane, London, E.C.3
Telephone : ItOYAL 509i.
Increase Your Developing and Printing Service !
Make use of our really useful series of D. & P. books, also our Printed Aids to Selling. Interesting range of samples post free.
ni ID Al I DD4^C The Patent Label Factory, tSUKALL DKV.>9. WISBECH, CAMBS.
Manufacturer of
WOODEN CHIP BOXES
For use in the Chemical Industry, Pharmacy and the Drug Trade generally. Ask for sample and prices 151 I PIAI Kaiserswalde, Kr. Habel-
ichwerdt, Bez. Breslau, Germ.
JOS. KLEIN,
SHADEINE
FOR TINTING GREY HAIR
'ibit, popular article ie largely advertised i.ud stocked by all Wbolepnie Hmises.
'Irial size 8d. per doz, 3/4 size, per doz. 2/6 eize, per doz. [feize, per doz.
6/. 12/.
24/. 3ti/-
The SHADEINE Co. 58, Westbourne Grove, London, W. 2
/
ZJ
W'B " iNever drip
nycarcher/
Retains its freshness indefinitely. From your wholesaler or the Patentees : 1^ A Y BROTHERS LIMITED, St. Peiersgate - - STOCKPORT.
-PITMAN'S-
PHARMACY: GENERAL & OFFICIAL
By J. W. Cooper, Ph.C.
New methods have been adopted in this textbook by which students will find it easy to recall facts during their examinations. A carel^u'ly planned work showing a real uuderstanding of the students outlook. 414 p.p. 10/6 net
Full particulars post free from PITMAN'S, Parker Street, Kingsway, London, W.C.2
CLOSING I
ma
4 6 "'47/6
FILLING
to suit all Dispensing Requirements.
WRITE FOR ILLUSTRATED LIST. THOS. CHRISTY & CO.. 4-12 Old Swan L.
LONDON. E.C4.
- 1 n -
"STATIC"
Ree. No. 523,323
TOOTH BRUSH
BONEHANDLES
WHITE, UNBLEACHED. OR BLACK BRISTLES
Names free on 6 doz. lots.
6/6 per doz.
prom ail wholesalers
W.R.SPEER& SON, 215 Dalston Lane, E.8.
Est. 100 Years.
MANUFACTURERS:
September 17, 1932
THE CHEMIST AND DliUGGIST
2.")
Quick
Makes New Custom^
and 50%
Profit on Cost
The PAM Popular Size Compressed Ladies' Towel is the only penny towel individually packed. The outer label around each towel can be slipped off, leaving the packet entirely plain. Immediately the package is opened, the towel is ready for use, without *' pulling out " or warming.
PAM Compressed Towels offer perfect pro- tection for One Penny (Popular Size) .... There are also medium and large sizes, as well as PAM Soluble and Standard (Cotton Wool) Towels in all sizes.
HAVE YOU HAD YOUR BONUS PARCEL YET?
SANITARY PADS STAND FOR SERVICE TO YOUR WOMEN CUSTOMERS
COMPRESSED (Loop or Tab Ends)
SOLUBLE (Loop or Tab Ends)
pot.
The Packets make the display. Show them
in your Shop.
STANDARD (De Luxe Cotton Wool) Clifford G. Froom (Sales Service)
PAM MANUFACTURING CO. LTD.
10 SCSNGLY ST., REGENT ST., LONDON, W.I
# REPRESENTATIVES WANTED ON COMMISSION TO SECURE FURTHER DISTRIBUTION TO THE TRADE. STATE CONNECTION AND TERRITORY, AND OTHER REPRESENTATIONS.
B B
26
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
September 17, 1932
WHEAT BRIDGE MILLS, CHESTERFIELD
OLD STREET} L^ON.DO'N, E.'^C.-l
Roberts' Original Patent
BOTTLE FILLING MACHINES
The record makers in speed filling with cleanli- ness. Foot-Operated Machines. From £5 5s. Hand-Operated Machines. From 36/- Sounrlly constructeJ, simple in action, easy to clean.
NEW PATENT SHALLOW TIN FILLING MACHINES
Automatic CAN FILLING MACHINES, MIXING MACHINES, CORKING MACHINES.
NEW PATENT ACCESSOR. lES TO "NELSON," "VICTOR" and "NAVY" BOTTLE FILLING
MACHINES enable them to be used as Vacuum Fillers, Gravity Fillers or Pressure Fillers at will.
"ROYAL "
V^RITE TO-DAY TO
ROBERTS' PATENT
FILLING MACHINE CO.
33 Roundcroft Street, BOLTON, LANCS.
All rights reserved.
|
n 1 1 1 |
1^ |
|
Patent " Rapid " Mixer.
Gardner Ball Crushing Mill
for Chemical purposes must be rapid, super- fine, of laboratory ac- curacy, and absolutely consistent,
Gardner machines perform all these operations in the most efficient way.
They are economical and efficient ; a high standard is maintained in the quality and quantity of their out- put.
Details and Catalogue of all Gardner plants from
WM. GARDNER & SONS (Gloucester)
LTD.
BRISTOL ROAD, GLOUCESTER
Telephone : 2288 (2 Imes). 'Jelegrams: "Gardner, Qlaucester.*' London Office : 19 Qrai/s Inn Chambtrt
26 Eigh Bolborn, W.G.X. Telephone: Chancery 7347.
September 17, 1932
THE chp:mist and druggist
27
An agreeab the popular
le addition to
GLYCERINE PASTILLES with Lemon Flavour :
The old time favourite soother of tired and sore throats — glycerine and lemon. This new Galen pastille is recommended for the purity of its ingredients, convenient packing and reason- able retail price of I/- per 4 oz. tin.
CINNAMON LOZENGES: An effective lozenge
highly medicated with the purest oil of cinnamon. 6d. per tin.
SISTER'S THROAT PASTILLES : Enjoys a strong
demand. A warming and soothing pastille of the Chlorodyae type. Packed in 4 oz. tins at I/- each. Also in 6d. tins.
MITCHAM MINTS : Are hand-made lozenges with a high content of real Mitcham ol. menth. pip. 6d. per tin.
GLYCERINE & BLACKCURRANT PASTILLES:
A blending of real blackcurrant fruit juice and glycerine. The popular fruit throat pastille, welcomed for its agreeable flavour and efficacy. In 4 oz. tins at I/-
OAL€N
DUCTS
ftEG*? TRADE MAfiK
Manufactured by THE GALEN PRODUCTS CO., LTD., STOCKPORT
Sole Selling Agents :
THOMPSON & CAPPER WHOLESALE LTD. Manesty Buildings, College Lane, LIVERPOOL
28
THE CHEMIST AND DEUGGIST
September 17, 1932
LINIMENT ^^1;^^
IO'6 CASH BONUS OFFER
FOR A 14 DAYS' WINDOW DISPLAY
To qualify for the Cash Bonus of 10/6 it is only necessary for you to make a
WINDOW DISPLAY OF SLOAN'S LINIMENT
before Nov. 30th, 1932
CLOSING DATE
Oct. 3ISt, 1932
employing the New Window Cards, and place an order for 6 dozen or 1 gross Sloan's Liniment, using the Order Form below.
The display cards should be accompanied with a fairly liberal supply of the goods and occupy a position in the frorst of the window for 14 days.
This is all you are asked to do. The half-guinea will be remitted when you advise us that the display is in operation. A postcard is enclosed in all display sets for this purpose.
This offer is limited to ONE BONUS PER CUSTOMER
SLOANS
LINIMENT
, f Makes
\ . iUMBAOO
SPRASHS ^ SHADO.WS OF
Reprodticiion of one of the new season's shovicards. Printed in full colour, the cards are suitable for both Window and Counter use. FREE u-iih Bonus Order
BONUS ORDER FORM
Date.
To Messrs.
WILLIAM R. WARNER & Co. Ltd. (Sole Distributors of Sloan's Liniment) 300 Gray's Inn Rozi, London, W.C.I.
Please Supply SLOAN'S LINIMENT
2/- size (one original case) at 19/- per doz. for 6 doz. lots.
2/- size (two original cases) at 18/-
4/- size (two or more
J 38/-
1 gross. 4 doz. 6 doz.
original cases) \38/- „ ,, Original cases only, 2/- size 6 doz.
4/- siz3 2 doz.
And forward New Season's Window Display Material, which I tmdertake to display together with goods in my window for 14 days not later than November 30th, 1932, in consideration of the payment of Half-a-Guinea (to be remitted on advice that the display is in operation).
Signed. . Address
LL-nited to 1 BONUS OFFER
September 17, 1932
THE CHEMIST AND DEUGGIST
29
C ATA R R H
PASTBLLES
LIMITED
Pofter's Catarrh Pastilles are of oufs landing tnerif. The/ have captured the approval of the public and there is good business and profit for you in stocks ing this line.
P.A.T.A. 1/3 11/- doz. In boxes of | Dozens.
Bishops^ate Hol-ehound. />«^^S5^
Phones: 4-7g, ( 5 Li^^Sy Grams : 'pi^^,^^ L^^j^^^ .
60 -64 ARTILLERY LANE/LONDON, 1.1
MANCHESTER: 24 Luna St., Gt. ANCOATS. "
30
THE CHEMIST AND DEUGGIST
September 17, 1932
Awarded Certificate hy The Institute of Hygiene for Purity— Quality— Merit
restricted to ChmisU
Ym are sure of repeat orders . , hy selling the
Contains 650 ^lie«t» «f pitpe wtilte Siitplilt« f^ttfiep*
Free Samfilit it«ll on ai»|ift<ratti»tt
Sole Manufacturers:
J. RUTHERFORD&CoaS
VICTORIA PAPER MILLS VICTORIA RD. HOLLOWAY. LONDON, N.7
ilONTRACTORS to H.M. GOVERNMENT
SOLVO
SELLS ITSELF
SOL-VO gives a good margin of profit 1o fhe Chemist and is economical for the customer because it contains nearly three times as much paper as the "so-called" cheap varieties. It pays to stock and display SOL-VO.
Why not give it a trial ? Simply attach your label to the accompanying form and send it, together with 16/6, to
FORD, SHAPLAND & CO. Ltd.
Gt. Turnstile, High Holborn, London, W.C.I
Telephone: HOLBORN 4C05.
TRIAL PARCEL.
1 doz. Rolls : - 1 doz. Packets,: 1 Cut-out : 100 "Personal Hygiene" Leaflets Cash 16/6 should accompany every order.
TO GET
INTO DIRECT TOUGH
with the best buyers of Drugs, Chemicals, aad allied products
ALL OVER THE WORLD
use regularly the publicity service afforded by
THE CHEMIST & DRUGGIST
NURSE HARVEY'S MIXTURE
A safe, simple and reliable remedy for Cliildren's Ailments is advertised so extensively in tlie daily and weekly Press as to bring mothers to the retailer without effort on his part.
The selling has been done before the mother reaches ihe chemist, and, having supplied her, it is only common sense to claim she will buy other family necessaries from him. Moreover, the con- tinuous demand for it produces a quick turnover.
For Direct Terms apply to —
OSCAR SCRUTON & CO., YORK
September 17, 1932
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
31
n your Dispensi\ Department . , . .
Avoid quinine of varying quality and activity by using always
TRADE MARK
Qmnine salts issued under the ''Wellcome'' Brand are: Bihydrochloride, Bisulphate, Hydrobromide, Hydrochloride, Salicylate, Sulphate, etc.
For full list and prices, see ^Wellcome'' Brand Chemicals and Galenicals Price List
WELLCO QUININE
Subjected to exacting tests to ensure purity, pharmaceutical excellence and high therapeutic activity.
For your Retail Counter
='TABLOID'-
QUININE PRODUCTS
Elegant, compressed products containing the precise stated weight of pure, therapeutically active quinine.
Some products which will shortly be in seasonal demand:
s'tabloid' brand Ammoniated Quinine j> J) Quinine and Camphor
>» j» Quinine Compound
For full list, formulcB and prices, see Price List " . - ^
Burroughs Wellcome Ot Co., London
G 1688
COPYRI G HT
32
THE CHEMIST AND DEUGGIST September 17, 1932
WINTER
PASTILLES
IN BULK OR PACKED
Glycerine, Lemon and Honey Glycerine Thymol Compound Glycerine and Black Currant Menthol and Eucalyptus Iodized Throat Cherry Cough Antiseptic Catarrh Etc.
ALL OF THE FINEST QUALITY
Free Cartons, Show Jars and Displays
Samples on request of
WARRICK BROTHERS, L^P
The Reliable House with more than a Century's Experience. Nile Street, City Road, London, N.I.
Telephone : Clerkenwell 2452 (two lines). Telegrams: Warrickers, Nordo-London.
Chemist ™' Druggist
A Weekly Journal of Phatmacy, the Drug, Chemical and Allied Trades
The official organ of The Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland, The Chemists' and Druggists' Society of Ireland, and of other Chemists'' Societies in Overseas Dominions
CONFERENCE NUMBER, 1932
PUBLISHEDAT
28 ESSEX STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.2
Telegrams : " Chemicus, Estraild, London '
Telephone: Central G)G^ (8 lines)
BRANCH OFFICES
4 CANNON STREET, MANCHESTER (tEL. : BLACKFRIARS 30S2) 54 FOSTER'S BUILDINGS. HIGH STRSET. SHEFFIELD (tEL. : 22458)
19 WATERLOO STREET, GLASGOW (tEL.: CENTRAL 2329) 99 Q'JEEN STREET, MELBOJ,=)NE. AUSTRALIA
VOL. 117. NO. 2745 PAGE
Births 517
British Pharmaceti- ,
TicAL Conference : — Chairman's Ad- dress 312
The Proceedings .. 520
Social Echoes 551
Business Changes .. 517 British Pivaima- copoeia. 1952 — 311
CONTENTS
SEPTEMBER 17, 1932
PAGE
Coming- Events 509
Correspondence : —
Letters 357
M i s c e 1 laneous
Inquiries 558
Deaths 317
Editorial Article* :— T Ji e Conference
Papers 319
Gazette 510
PAGE
Infofmation Depart- ment .. 518
Insurance iVct Dis- pensing- 510
Irish Not«s 308
Marriages 517
New Companies 510
News of the Week 307
■Personalities 317
P Ji a r m aceutical SociiCty of Noi'thern Ireland : — Cottncil Meeting-
ill
Retrospect 358
Scottish Notes 308
Topical Reflections 309
Trade Marks 356
Trade Notes 316
Trade Report 353
News of the Week
Key Industry Duty Exemption Order
The Treasury have made an Order under Section lo (5) of the Finance Act, 1926, exempting amorphous carbon electrodes over three feet Jong, the cross-section of which exceeds twelve inches both length and breadth, with longitudinal slots exceeding two inches in width and four inches in depth, from liability to duty under Part I of the Safeguarding of Industries Act, 192 1. The exemption order came into force on Wednesday, September 7, 1932.
Standing Committee on Wrought Hollow-Ware
The Standing Committee on wrought hollow-ware of iron or steel, self-colour, galvanised, tinned, japanned, etc., has issued its report (Cmd. 4162: Stationery OfiEice, 2d.). The Committee recommends that an Importation Order and a Sale Order should be made, with effect tliat the following classes of imported goods should bear an indication of origin : — Wrought hollow-ware of iron or steel of a description commonly used for domestic or agricultural purposes, whether self-colour (plain), gal- vanised, tinned, japanned, painted, lacquered or var- nished. It is added that the recommendations should not apply to (a) hollow- ware of tinplate, enamelled hollow- ware, or kegs and drums; (6) hollow-ware imported as part of another article.
Birmingham
Among the eighty riverside plants on exhibition at the Birmingham Art Gallery are a few of pharmaceutical interest.
The new block of buildings erected in Great Charles Street for a tuberculosis centre, city analyst's labora- tory, and city bacteriologist's laboratory will be opened by the Lord Mayor on September 29. ■
Sheffield
Mr. John Austen, Ph.C, managing director of G. T. W. Newsholme, Ltd., with Mrs. and Miss Austen, is making a motoring tour of Scotland.
One of the leading manufacturing houses has approached the local welfare authorities with a scheme for supplying food to welfare centre patients through chemists by means of a special pack.
At a well-attended meeting of Sheffield panel chemists, held on September 2, Mr. E. Preston (chairman of the Pharmaceutical Committee) explained the proposed new terms for N.H.I, dispensing, and was followed hy Mr. C. W. Hobson, member of the N.P.U. Executive. After a full discussion, it was decided to express appreciation of the work of the N.P.U Executive, and the secretary (Mr. Mallinson). While agreeing to the basic figure of 2s. 9|d., the meeting thought that any surplus arising from this basic figure should be held in trust until the end of the contract period, when any sum remaining after having paid the chemists' accounts in full should be handed to the Ministry of Health. It was also felt to be absolutely essential that Clause 4 (4) should be retained in the new terms.
Miscellaneous
Burglary. — Cameras valued at about £^0 were stolen from the premises of Kodak, Ltd., Kingsway, London, W.C., early on the morning of September 10.
Dentists Act, 1921. — At Hull, on September 8. George S. Graham, dental mechanic, was fined /lOO for practising dentistry without being registered. Pre- vious convictions were proved.
Poison-licence applications.— Application for a licence to sell agricultural and horticultural poisons has been made to the respective local authority by the
308
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
September 17, 1932
following: — Fannie M. Bray and Nicholas Parken (Bray & Parken), Padstow; Trumps, Ltd., Bedford Street, Exeter.
Window-dressing award. — At a shopping week win- dow-dressing competition, held recently at Wigton, the first prize in the class for " Things to Use " was awarded to T. Ridley & Son (Chemists), Ltd., King Street.
Aliens Restriction (Amendment) Act. — Permission has been granted to Lucian Landau, manufacturer of rubber sponges, i Ash Grove, Hackney, London, E.8, to use the name British Rubber Products, and to Arcady Kobylivker, general medical practitioner, 56 Longton Grove, Sydenham, S.E.26, to use the name Koby.
A Guernsey Ordinance. — An Ordinance which has just been passed in Guernsey affects certain types of commercial travellers. Those calling on firms, whole- sale or retail, and offering goods similar to those dealt in by the firm upon which they are calling are not required to have a licence. But if a traveller calls at any private house, office, etc., with samples or cata- logues ' he must take out a licence.
Staff outing. — The annual outing of 300 employees of Scott & Turner, Ltd., Newcastle, took place at Redcar recently. Those present included Mr. Gerald A. France (chairman and managing director) and Mr. Leslie France, his son, who is also a director. Respond- ing to a vote of thanks to the board, Mr. Gerald France said that their trade was regarded as one of the suc- cessful lighter industries on Tyneside.
Dangerous Drugs Acts. — At Marlborough Street Police Court, London, on September 2, Anthea R. Carew was convicted of attempting to procure cocaine for Brenda D. Paul, and of supplying morphine to the same person; on September g she was bound over on the first charge, and was fined is., with £^ 5s. costs, on the second. — At Tower Bridge Police Court, London, on September 5, Brenda D. Paul, charged on remand with being in unlaw- ful possession of 2\ gr. of morphine, was convicted, and was remanded from month to month on bail pending a medical report. — At Harwich, on September 6, John O'Flaherty, Ilford, described as a master mariner, was fined £100 for unlawfully importing and being in pos- session of 416 gr. of cocaine.
Panel chemists discuss terms. — At a meeting of Warwickshire panel chemists held at Leamington Spa on September 8, to consider the terms offered by the Ministry of Health for a renewal of their dispensing contracts, Mr. Hutton, who has been chairman of the Pharmaceutical Committee since the inception of the National Health Insurance Act, stated that on his retire- ment from business he would no longer be able to con- tinue in that office. A resolution expressing the panel chemists' regret at his retirement from the chairman- ship, and their due appreciation of his past services, was carried unanimously. In discussing the terms offered for 1933 by the Ministry of Health, it was resolved that the secretary be instructed to convey to the National Pharmaceutical Union Executive the appreciation of Warwickshire panel chemists of their efforts. Great disappoi-ntment was expressed at the prospect of Clause 4 (4) being dropped, and it was decided to urge the N.P.U. to continue their opposition, and, if necessary, invoke the assistance of allied bodies.
A co-operative society's view of protected goods. — The general committee's report presented at the recent quarterly meeting of the Royal Arsenal Co-opera- tive Society at Plumstead stated, inter alia: " "There are in all eight pharmacy shops at the present time, and efforts are being made to furnish three further establishments before the close of the half-year. . . . Attention is being specially directed to the dispensing of the Society's own special preparations, which can be substituted for those articles upon which there is a condition attached to the sale that no dividend shall be paid thereon. By purchasing Royal Arsenal Co- operative Society's preparations members should under- stand that in nearly every case where they are com- parable to P.A.T.A. packages and remedies the Society's
brands are practically the same formulas. They can be guaranteed in every case as to their absolute purity, and at the time of purchase a dividend check can be issued for them. The committee feel that the best way of defeating the Proprietary Articles Traders' Associa- tion dividend embargo is that members should render every possible support to the manufacture of their own products."
Scottish Notes
Brevities
Scottish bee-keepers report a particularly good yield of honey this season.
Mountaineering and the study of geology are becoming increasingly popular hobbies among Scottish chemists.
Mr. J. T. Strachan has been appointed Scottish repre- sentative for William Tait & Co., chemists' printers, Glasgow.
A complaint that supplies of disinfectants for Banff Academy were obtained from ironmongers and grocers was made recently by Mr. James Hay, chemist, in a letter to the school authority. The matter has been remitted to the local committee.
There was a good turnout for the closing competition of the season of the Edinburgh Chemists' Golf Club, held at Duddingston on September 7. The following were the winners: — (i) M. Stoddart (9) 74; (2) (a tie) W. J. Rosie (11) and J. N. Foote (23) 77. Class II, A. Nicolson, 80. In the final of the T. & H. Smith trophy hole-and-hole tournament, J. Finlay beat W. J. Rosie by one hole.
The Scottish Chemists' Bowling Association held their last match of the season on Rutherglen Bowling Green, when they competed for the travellers' trophy. There was a fair turnout of wholesale and retail chemists. The competition was so keen that in many instances the last shot won the day. J. C. Murdoch (Glasgow), after playing 27 ends for 21 shots, won the cup and first prize by beating his opponent, J. Davidson (Coat- bridge), by three shots. At the close of play the presi- dent (P. Nisbet, Leith) presented the cup and prizes to the winners. The prizes were given by Mr. Maclean (Macleans, Ltd., London). The usual votes of thanks brought to a close a pleasant day's outing.
Irish Notes
Brevities
Congratulations have been extended to Mr. J. B. Cronin, L.P.S.I., Rathmore, co. Kerry, as joint owner of a dog which won a stake of £15 recently at Cork in record time.
The Irish Free State Executive Council has made an order authorising the Minister for Finance to allow manufacturers to import, free of duty, any articles liable to duty which are required for manufacturing purposes within the Free State.
Mr. Justice Meredith, of the Dublin High Court, has been appointed chairman of a committee which the Free State Government is setting up to consider the advisability of licensing retail shops, the investigation being regarded as a preliminary to the control of com- modity prices. Several public men have been invited to act on the committee.
At the resumed inquest at Dungannon, on Septem- ber I, on the body of Wesley Perry, Mr. J. H. Totten, public analyst, Belfast, said he found gr. of
strychnine in the intestines. The kidneys and liver contained -| gr. of strychnine. In one of the bottles received from the police he found Epsom salts. The second bottle received contained \ oz. of saltpetre, and mixed with the saltpetre was | gr. of strychnine. Dr. Mann said death was due to strychnine poisoning. Mrs. Annie Perry, wife of the deceased, said she purchased strychnine in Mr. Grimes's shop in Pomeroy to poison rats. On the day he died her husband drank " salt-
September 17, 1932
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
petre," as he had done a few days before. The jury returned an open verdict.
At Dublin District Court, _ recently, Dr. M. Ryan, L.P.S.I., Camden Street, was summoned for having kept open his chemist's shop after lo o'clock on the previous Saturday night. Mr. F. Gilligan, solicitor, who represented the defendant, claimed that he was entitled to keep open as he was a medical doctor as well as a chemist, and the shop door was also the entrance to the surgery. Mr. T. F. Burke, solicitor for the Corporation, argued that Dr. Ryan must close his chemist's shop at the same hour as all other chemists. Mr. Little, district justice, said he must hold that the law applied to Dr. Ryan's shop in the same way that it applied to other chemists. How- ever, on contributing 20s. to the Court poor box Dr. Ryan would be given the benefit of the Probation Act.
Belfast
Mr. J. E. Connor, J. P., president of the Pharma- ceutical Society of Northern Ireland, Mr. David Kirk- patrick, secretary, and several members of the Council left Belfast on September 9 to attend the meeting of the British Pharmaceutical Conference in Aberdeen.
News has been received in Belfast of the death in New Zealand of Mr. Alex Eccles, of Ladies' Mile, Ramuera, who emigrated from Londonderry many years ago. Mr. Eccles was a director of the New Zealand Chemists' Association and of the Auckland Drug Com- pany.
The annual election to the Council of the Pharma- ceutical Society of Northern Ireland takes place on October 3, and a contest seems very probable. Nomina- tions will be received by the secretary of the Society at the Council's offices, Scottish Provident Buildings, Belfast, up to noon on September 19. The pharma- cists retiring this year are Messrs. J. E. Connor (presi- dent of the Society), John Maxwell, W. J. Hardy and James Dundee, and all are coming forward for re- election. The retiring druggist is Mr. Fred Storey; but as this vacancy is not to be filled owing to the decrease in the number of druggists, Mr. Storey will stand as a pharmacist. Other names are mentioned in pharma- ceutical circles.
Coming Events
Saturday, September !7
Grocers' International Exhibition, Royal Agricultural Hall, London, N.l (and daily to September 23 inclusive). Open 11 a.m.-5 p.m. on Se'ptember 17 and September 23; 11 a.m.- 9 p.m. other days.
Tuesday, September 20
Hairdressing Fair of Fashion, Olympia, London, W.14.
Wednesday, September 21
Manchester Pharmaceutical Golfing Society, Northenden Golf Club. Presentation of prizes.
Topical ReFlections
By Xrayser
Leeds Chemists
seem to be giving very serious consideration to the subject of apprenticeship in pharmacy (C. D.. September lo, p. 285), and it is quite right they should do so. One of our most pressing needs is that the period of apprenticeship should be devoted to effective training, and not be regarded as a time to be occupied in doing cheaply what other people ought to be doing at recognised market rates. There ought to be no question nowadays of employing apprentices as a source of cheap labour, the more particularly as there is so much the apprentice needs to learn in order to fit himself for becoming legally qualified, and, more important still, to make himself competent to render satisfactory pharmaceutical service to the British public. The Leeds scheme commends itself by insisting upon the period of apprenticeship extending over an appre- ciably longer time than is required to satisfy the Phar- maceutical Society's requirements. This is most impor- tant when it is recalled that the Society expects that candidates for the Chemist and Druggist Qualifying examination shall have spent the specified 4,000 hours of training in the dispensing and compounding of medi- cines under supervision. What we need is a scheme of apprenticeship which will provide for com- plete shop training as a chemist and druggist, and not as a compounder and dispenser of medicines only.
The New Scheme
makes provision for the selection, placing and training of apprentices in chemists' shops, fixes the period of apprenticeship at three or four years, and appears to anticipate all points requiring atten- tion. But in order to make the scheme thoroughly effective there must obviously be in existence a power of inspection by some duly constituted authority, such as the Pharmaceutical Society or one of its branches, and the inspection required would appear to involve subjecting the apprentices to a certain amount of examination or inquisition from time to time. This would, of course, be to the advantage of the master no less than the apprentice, because the latter may be
. a slacker, and elucidation of that fact by the repre- sentative of an authoritative body would be more satis- factory than dependence simply upon a complaint by the master pharmacist. The point is that both the employer and the pupil ought to have a square deal, and that is what one speaker at the recent Leeds meeting said the three years' apprenticeship scheme was going to give them. It is good to know that the scheme is so enthusiastically supported by Leeds chemists, and I shall await news of its further progress with interest.
Transatlantic Conventions
are what we British prefer to call conferences, but they are conferences writ large. According to Mr. Herbert Skinner (p. 284), the recent convention at Toronto was attended by as many as 1,500 persons, which I should imagine is something like three times as many as ever attend the biggest gathering of pharmacists and their friends at the British Pharmaceutical Conference. What strikes me more forcibly, however, is the number of sectional meet- ings at the Toronto convention, and the fact that the papers submitted for consideration, which num- bered more than 100, were presented without dis- cussion. It suggests itself to me that adoption of this plan might provide a way out of the difficulty experi- enced in making adequate provision for meetings at the British Pharmaceutical Conference. Discussion of the papers presented is often more or less perfunctory, and I venture to suggest that it may be well worth adopting presentation without discussion, the more especially as adequate criticisms based on more leisurely consideration of the papers would always find space in the pharmaceutical Press. It may be objected that such a change would involve a tremendous break away from tradition, but is it not a fact that the reading of papers is frequently followed by an auditory of a dozen or fewer, while many of the most capable critics are often unable to attend the annual gatherings, so that their comments are perforce reserved until later and then- can only appear in print?
310
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
September 17, 1932
New Companies
and Company News
P.C. means Private Company and R.O. Registered Office.
Blakoe Appliances, Ltd. (P.C). — Capital £ioo. Objects : To carry on business as manufacturers of and dealers in medical and surgical apparatus, etc.
Marsons, Ltd. (P.C). — Capital ;£r, 200. Objects: To carry on the business of chemists, druggists, opticians, etc. R.O. : 123 Baker Street, London, W.i.
David WiLLox, Ltd. (P.C). — Capital /2,ooo. Objects: To carry on the business of chemical manufacturers and drysalters, etc. R.O.: 50 Quarry Knowe, Glasgow.
Griffiths (Chemists), Ltd. (P.C). — Capital ;£i,ooo. Objects : To acquire the business of a wholesale and retail chemist and druggist now carried on by H. N. Griffiths at Middlesbrough.
Shoosmith-Kingsley, Ltd. (P.C). — Capital ;^2,500. Objects : To carry on the business of manufacturers and merchants of chemicals and drugs, perfume and other products, etc. Secretary: L. W. Glyde, 56 Ludgate Hill, E.C
'Yn Products, Ltd. (P.C). — Capital ;^5oo. Objects: To carry on the business of manufacturing chemists, manufacturers of, agents for, and dealers in dental, surgical and hygienic products, etc. R.O. : Woodside, 85 Wimborne Road, Bournemouth.
J. Robinson & Sons (Bradford), Ltd. (P.C). — Capital ;^3,ooo. Objects: To acquire the business now carried on by J. Robinson and W. Robinson as " Jas. Robinson & Sons " at 83 Barkerend Road, Bradford, and to carry on the business of medical herbalists, skin specialists, druggists, manufacturing and dispensing chemists, etc.
ViNCE Laboratory, Ltd. (P.C). — Capital /500. Objects : To acquire the trade mark and goodwill of the business in the United Kingdom formerly owned by Vince Laboratories Incorporated, and to carry on the business of manufacturers of and dealers in toilet, pharmaceutical and medicinal preparations, etc. Solici- tors: McKenna & Co., 31-4 Basinghall Street, E.C.2.
Deodis (Proprietaries), Ltd. (P.C). — Capital ;^6,ooo. Objects: To adopt agreements (i) with the liquidator of Deodis Products, Ltd., and (2) with R. V. Davies, and (3) with P. A. Arnold, and to carry on the business of chemical manufacturers, druggists, drug grinders, chemists, sundriesmen, makers of and dealers ;n proprietary articles, etc. Solicitors: Denton Hall & Burgin, 3 Gray's Inn Road, W.C.i.
Pickups, Ltd. (P.C). — Capital ^30,000. Objects: To carry on the business of chemists, druggists, drysalters, oil and colour men, manufacturers of and dealers in 23harmaceuticals, perfumes, toilet requisites, soap, patent medicines, etc., and to adopt an agreement between Harry Pickup, sen., and Harry Pickup, jun., of the one part and Commercial Constructions, Ltd., of the other part. R.O. : 28 Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C.2.
Gazette
Bankruptcy Acts
Adjudication
Jones, C. F., 104 Selborne Road, Southgate, Middlesex, manufacturing chemist.
Receiving Order and Adjudication
Burden, S., " Alberta," New Road, Aston Clinton, Bucks, and lately carrying on business at The Old Drewery Pharmacy, Breen End Street, Aston Clinton, chemist.
insurance Act Dispensing
Record of matters concerning Chemists' interests in the National Health Insurance Acts.
Local Reports
ENGLAND AND WALES
London. — The annual report of the Pharmaceutical Committee of the County of London contains, inter alia. the following table of dispensing statistics for the County of London for the years 1927-31 : —
|
Year |
Niunber of prescriptions |
Mean number of insured persona |
Average number of prescriptions per insiu'ed person |
Average cost per insured person |
|
1927 . . 1928 . . 1929 . . 1930 .. 1931 .. |
8,743,249 8,437,809 8,940,870 8,129,038 8,510,255 |
1,778.563 1,810,025 1,839,161 1,886,169 1,904,521 |
4.92 4.66 4.85 4,31 4.47 |
40.16d. 37.60d. 38.48d. 32,89d. 34.09d. |
Merthyr Tydfil. — At a recent meeting of the Insurance Committee, the Pharmaceutical Service Subcommittee re- ported that they had considered a (.ase in which a chemist had dispensed a preparation which the doctor had not ordered. It appeared from what the chemist stated that he knew from previous experience what the doctor required. The doctor appeared before the sub- committee in support of the chemist and stated that he undertook full responsibility for what had happened, and that the chemist, before dispensing the first pre- scription, had telephoned him on the matter. The sub- committee accepted the explanation.
Staffordshire. — At a recent meeting of the Stafford- shire Insurance Committee consideration was given to a case in which certain prescriptions had been dis- pensed by an unqualified person. The Pharmaceutical Service Subcommittee had made a recommendation to the Committee that the Minister of Health be advised to withhold ;^5o payment. It was stated that the superintendent chemist was away from business through ill-health from April 23 up to and including June 8. Daring the period of his absence no qualified person was employed. During the month of May 167 Insur- ance prescriptions were dispensed, ninety-three of which contained scheduled poisons. The bulk of" these pre- scriptions were dispensed by the managing director, who was not a qualified person. Those facts were not disputed. In his evidence the managing director stated that he was unable to obtain the services of a locum, and that he was expecting his manager to return daily. Occasionally he had the help of a qualified chemist.
Warwlclt. — At a recent meeting of the Warwickshire Insurance Committee the report of the Medical Benefit Subcommittee contained a request by a doctor that he should be paid for a specified proprietary medicine supplied or to be supplied to a patient. He stated that this proprietary medicine had a marked antiseptic value and was a sedative, both of which effects he required for this case. The following resolution was carried unanimously: — " That the action of the Medical Benefit Committee in authorising application to the Ministry for sanction to pay for the proprietary medicine referred to, and subject to such sanction directing that the cost be borne by the Insurance Committee, be and is hereby appiroved and confirmed."
SCOTLAND
Dundee. — At a meeting of the Insurance Committee on July 20, a succes3ful appeal to the Department of Health by Mr. A. T. Reoch, a Dundee chemist, was reported. It was stated that some time ago the Phar- maceutical Service Subcommittee recommended that the appellant be surcharged the sum of 21s. in respect of a test prescription, but that the Department had sus- tained his appeal and found the Committee liable to him in the sum of 21s. as modified expenses.
September 17, 1932
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
311
Pharmaceutical Society
of Northern Ireland Council Meeting
A SPECIAL meeting of the Council of tlie Pharmaceutical Society of Northern Ireland was held in Belfast on September g, the president (Mr. J. E. Connor) in the chair. There were present also Messrs. R. I. Edwards (vice-president), A. C. McBride, Fred Storey, H. Todd, John Maxwell, S. Gibson, W. Martin, James Dundee, S. H. Forrest, J. C. Culbert, W. J. Hardy, Sir Thomas McMullan, Dr. Fielden and Mr. W. S. Taylor. Mr. David Kirkpatrick (secretary) was in attendance.
The New British Pharmacopceia
Mr. Storey drew attention to the fact that in England the Pharmaceutical Society had decided to use the new B.P. in the summer examinations.
The President said that the new B.P. would come into force at their Society's July examinations and after.
Death
The secretary reported the death of Mr. Samuel Suffern, one of the first members of the Council.
The President moved a vote of condolence with the relatives, stating that pharmacy had lost one of its best and truest members. Mr. Suffern gave of his best to the Society.
Mr. Storey, in seconding, said he had known Mr. Suffern for many years. He was a staunch member of the Chemists' and Druggists' Society and of the old Society in Dublin, and also of the Advisory Committee which assisted the Northern Government in drawing up the Pharmacy Bill. He had a wonderful know- ledge of their Acta, ■ and was a keen literary student.
Mr. Gibson said Mr. Suffern had a legal mind, and was able to grasp difficult points. On several occasions he went to London in connection with pharmacy legis- lation and had interviewed members of the Govern- ment.
■ Mr. Cu lbert, Mr. Hardy, Mr. Edwards and Mr. Dundee also paid tribute to Mr. Suffern. The resolu- tion was passed by a standing vote.
Methylated Spirit Licences
A member wrote asking that the Society should take in hand tlie obtaining of methylated spirit licences for the members and charge a small fee.
Mr. Storey and the Secretary said this was rather outside the Society's work.
The President remarked that it was more a matter for the Ulster Retail Drug Trade Association.
Mr. Hardy said it had been already before that body and notice would be given at the proper time.
The President said that co-operation on a matter of the kind was advisable, and it would be very accept- able to the country members to know tliat a solicitor could be engaged. Any action had better be taken by the trade organisations.
Financial Statement
Mr. Todd (treasurer) submitted the financial state- ment, which showed a balance in hand on the year's working of £1,26%. The Society's investments amounted to £&.Q>io.
On the motion of Mr. Storey, seconded by Mr. Hardy, it was ordered that the report be printed and circulated.
Annual Meeting
The annual meeting of the Society was fixed for 7.30 p.m. on October 3 in the Chamber of Commerce.
Mr. Culbert asked if the meeting could be held in the afternoon to give the country members a chance of attending.
Mr. Edwards said the election count would occupy the earlier part of the day, and Mr. Dundee suggested Londonderry as the venue of the meeting. The Council adhered to 7.30 p.m. on October 3 in Belfast.
Members Elected
The following nominated candidates were elected members of the Society: — Arthur Lothian Pollock, 18 Cherryvalley Gardens, Belfast; William John Paul Linehan, 42 Earlswood Road, Belfast; David James Rowe, 73 Woodhouse Street, Portadown; Robert Blair, c/o J. Mortimer & Co., Londonderry; Frances Eliza- beth Irwin, 5 Campsie Avenue, Omagh.
In reply to Mr. Culbert, the Secretary said these six members would not be eligible to vote at the forthcom- ing election.
The New Pharmacopoeia
By Observer
From whatever standpoint one looks at the publica- tion of the new British Pharmacopoeia, it is of vital importance to the drug trade. The retail, wholesale and manufacturing chemists must use it as the pivot from wliich most of their trade and interests spring. To the members of the medical profession it is of much less importance, so much so that large numbers of them do not even know of the publication of a new Pharmacopoeia. If the medical fraternity do not find it so necessary and important as the chemists, then some arrangements should be made whereby a chemist can liave certain facilities which so far have been denied him.
The General Medical Council is entrusted by statute to print and publish the Pharmacopoeia. Prior to publication chemists can, as an act of courtesy, see a copy in the offices of the General Medical Council, either in London, Edinburgh or Dublin. Let us consider the cost to the provincial wholesale drug- gist of sending one or two people to London for three or four days to go through the new B.P. in order to obtain the necessary data for manufacturing and testing purposes. A clerk cannot be sent; it must be a skilled technician who knows exactly the requirements of the house, as well as one having a thorough know- ledge of the old B.P. A question bound to come to the minds of all chemists is whether or not the British Pharmacopoeia is a Government publication. Surely the General Medical Council is acting in the capacity of a Government department,' in so far as it is carrying out Government work. Under such cir- cumstances it is not to be wondered at that the Government fixes the price at which the Pharmacopoeia shall be sold, just as in the case of other Government publications. With other Government publications, however, copies are sent to technical papers with a request that the publication shall be reviewed in their columns.
A Financial Point
One other serious cause for complaint is that the General Medical Council, which relies very largely upon the gratuitous work of chemists in the compilation of the Pharmacopoeia, takes the profits which accrue from its publication and sale. These profits appear to be used for General Medical Council purposes entirely. It is time we had legisation to deal with this ques- tion. The Board of Trade and the Privy Council must realise the difficulties that are placed in the way of all those connected with the drug and chemical trade. If the interest of the General Medical Council is purely financial, it is time that interest either went to the Pharmaceutical Society or, perhaps better still, to the Privy Council. In the next parliamentary session there may be a suitable opportunity for the Privy Council to introduce legislation which would bring the compilation and publication of the Pharmacopoeia directly under the control of that department. The present editor. Dr. C. H. Hampshire, could not be improved upon as permanent editor of the Pharma- copceia. This would bring the profits of the sale of a Government publication to the nation, and at the same time enable those who have to be prepared to "supply the goods to have the necessary knowledge.
312
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
September 17, 1932
BRITISH PHARMACEUTICAL CONFIRENCE
OAe Oh
a I rm ans
^ d d
res s
HOSPITAL PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICE
THE first time a practising pharmaceutist in hospital service has been privileged to give the address as chairman of the British Pharmaceu- tical Conference is obviously a fitting occasion to expect a message conveying impressions gained , in connection with this phase of pharmacy. Hospital service in pharmaceutics is often neglected or faken for granted 'is something that happens. Legislative organisation, apart from Northern Ireland, does not exist, and hundreds of local and lay authori- ties interpret the service In various ways without any basic principles for guidance. Some recogni- tion of status arose as a side-issue out of the Regulations made under the Dangerous Drugs Act, 1920, but that was due to the impossibility of work- ing under the j^egulations made for keeping open shop. This department of a hospital in Great Britain is largely the growth of the last fifty years. Before that time, and in isolated cases con- tinuing to the present day, the departments were places wiiere pre- scriptions were dispensed on lines of .'nass produc- tion, and the person who did the work was called " the dispenser." This name, with its limiting connotation, still sticks in the lay iind even the medical mind, and fre- quently obscures the true function of the pharma- ceutist in charge. Even the famous Departlnental Com- mittee was mentally fogged about poisons and dispens- ing and compounding of medicaments, and being unable to say what pharmacy was, confined itself to a pious platitude, while the House of Lords missed the concep- tion completely, and discreetly retired behind a smoke screen created by a medical committee from which pharmacists were excluded.
The Scope of Pharmacy
I have stated elsewhere (and it bears restating) : if our idea of pharmacy is limited to our ability to dis- pense medicines and act as custodians of potent drugs, then our whole structure of education is too exacting and wrongly conceived. It is like constructing an etficient machine and trusting to circumstance to find use for it. The deadening effect of this mental obsession that a bottle of medicine is our objective should be removed; then the true functioning of the pharmacist will be understood and appreciated. Medical diagnosis
MR. HERBERT SKINNER, Ph.C.
CHAIRMAN OF THE BRITISH PHARMACEUTICAL CONFERENCE, 1932
and surgical treatment is more, exacting and efficient, and that alone requires a response from pharmacists with a wider basic training. If the art of pharmacy is to prepare medicines, then it must be granted that the hospital pharmacist has his fill. The last returns from seventeen London hospitals show within the year
ii4'533 new in-patients and 944,481 out-patients, who made 4,860,210 at- tendances. But it must not be thought that the service rendered to them was confined to com- pounding medicine. It is more important to re- member the diverse ways of treatment and find out to what extent pharma- cists functioned in this service.
Functions of the Hospital Pharmaceutist
The new British Pharmacopoeia reveals clearly the functions of the hospital pharmaceu- tist. For the first time that book represents an effort towards a complete expressiion of medication worthy of of&cial recogni- tion. Improvements in treatment have hitherto been unorganised, often overlapping and mostly t-manating from external establishments and clinics. Our changing materia medica, based upon a deeper understanding of biological functioning, re- quires a wider outlook by the Pharmaceutical Society, or at least some- thing better than that preamble to the 1868 Pharmacy Act. The Society can lead in furnishing its graduates with training to' fulfil the obligations arising from bio- logical research. A pharmacological laboratory loses most of its attractions for pharmacists unless some training in its functioning is included in the curriculum, graduate or post-graduate as circumstance dictates. Dr. Burn, in his " Recent Advances in Materia Medica," has a few pertinent remarks which reveal the need of the pharmacist to acquire a wider training and knowledge if he is to practise his profession. He states: —
" The book is . . . written for pharmacists in the fir.st place, but it should be equally useful to medical practi- tioners. Since elementary physiology remains outside the curriculum of many schools of pharmacy,, in one or two chapters there are physiological digressions .... On the other hand the book fails of its object in so far as any part of it is not clear to a pharmacist who has had no systematic training- in physiology."
" In view oi the importance of sera, hormones and vita- mins, insufficient attention is paid to them m teaching ot
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pharmacology, to medical students; it is. still common to find text-books in which long chapters "are devoted to the action of drugs on the central nervous system, but one or two para- graphs to sera and vitamins. If, however, some redressing of the balance is required in medical instruction, there is scarcely a balance to be rcdrassod in the teaching of phar- macists, for the newer knowledge finds almost no place at all in many schools."
Dr. Burn might have gone further and said: " The teaching of the principles of pharmacology to pharma- cists is practically non-existent." Yet the hospital pharmaceutist is required in many institutions to give lectures to the nursing staff for their State examina- tions on materia medica and therapeutics; and, at present, unless he continues his studies after gradua- tion, he will not be able properly to fulfil that func- tion. To explain drugs it is necessary, as far as possible, to understand their action and uses.
The Laboratory
While the pharmaceutist must possess the technique of the smaller phase of a manufacturing laboratory for teaching purposes, he must be able to adapt himself to a technique midway between that of the manufac- turer and that of the experimentalist— in other words, he must develop a technique fitting to hospital require- ments. The term " dispensing " tends to obscure the laboratory on which it depends. Nothing is more important than the cultivation of the laboratory phase, and that applies equally to shops. The disappearance of the laboratory, wherever it occurs, converts the pharmacist largely into a distributor rather than a technician. It is undoubtedly a question of economics; and successive governments do not help us much with their system of deferred rebates and records required. It would be interesting to know how much of our money the Government holds in suspense from this medicine business; whatever the amount is, it certainly affects very deeply the economics of conduct- ing hospital laboratories. It always appears to me that the pharmacist who closes down his laboratory is losing the soul of pharmacy — a loss that is much too serious to be made good by profits on proprietary and packed goods. The growth of biological research for medical treatment will require more and not less laboratory practice. The importance ot a pro- fession is not measured by the amount of knowledge stored up in recesses of memory, but in practical appli- cation of the knowledge to useful purpose, which makes the laboratory a necessary condition to ensure progress. Another phase arises from the preparation of solutions and sterilisation whether for medical, surgical or diagnostic purposes. Let us visualise what it means. A hundred gallons of normal saline solution is used to-day where one was used twenty years ago, and in those days intravenous diagnostic solutions were almost unknown. It is only necessary for pharmacists to con- sider the appendices of the new British Pharmacopoeia to get some idea of the scope of medical and surgical expectation; we must remember that for the first time in this country these matters become official. What we see there is just a small fraction of the total of the divergent and expanding needs of surgeon, physician and radiologist^
The Economic Aspect
The economic position in voluntary hospitals condi- tions many of our activities. It is interesting to note that the term " voluntary," like the term " dispenser," has largely lost its meaning. Whatever the cost, the best is the only reasonable proposition; for cheap phar- macy is like most things cheap — we are better without it. The purchase of surgical instruments, medical appli- ances and sutures is in the hands of the pharmaceutist in a large number of institutions, but this phase is like shelling peas in comparison with other activities, and the knowledge necessary can easily be obtained from an elementary understanding of, anatomy, physiology and mechanics.
A Minister of Health may specify in Regulations under the National Health Insurance Act that surgical dressings shalt be packed, sterilised and sealed in suit- able containers of suitable sizes for distribution to insured persons. That does not help the hospital pharmaceutist save in a few small details. He is required to be able to differentiate the good from the bad or indifferent and mixed material. He is required to estimate and check the respective antiseptics used, to understand the . changing effects on materials often introduced by sterilisation of surgical dressings on the large scale, and to be an authority on the respective values. I am quite confident 1 shall have the assent of the chairman of the Surgical Dressings Committee of the British Pharma- ceutical Codex when I venture to say ;he problem of surgical dressings is not quite so easy as it looks. The Codex now in preparation should be a help in the future, as it will make available more accurate information and save us from dependence on isolated and often contra- dictory opinions. It should make for real progress in this phase of pharmacy.
The Hospital Pharmacopoeia
Compounding of medicaments must be admitted to be an important phase of hospital pharmacy; it was neither the beginning nor will it be the end, but ttie pharmaceutist is required to be skilled in constructing formulas to produce the best therapeutic effects, often from somewhat scanty information. The exigencies of the medical service make it a desirable thing, in this respect, that he should be of material assistance to the physician and surgeon. If the tendency to bank on known, admitted and approved compounds is too marked, it gives opportunity to the novelty merchant to " put across " his elegant variations. Thus, quietly, for years we practised blending hypnotics with anti- pyretics to accentuate the hypnotic effect, and left it to external clinics to exploit the idea as a novelty. Our formulas for ointments of known dermatological value are often tried out in foreign clinics, and return to us disguised under a meaningless branded name, much to our detriment. There is a real danger of getting into a rut, which the comparatively safe economic position in the public service has a tendency to encourage. Pharmaceuticall}' speaking, we lose the essence of tilings if we forget that the price of progress is eternal vigil- ance. The production of an efficient hospital pharma- copoeia is our job. The physician indicates his require- ments, and the pharmaceutist blends the medicaments into efficient therapeutic agents.
The Analytical Department
The analytical department is obviously an annex of the laboratory; but looking back I fear we have not always been able to render loo per cent, service owing to the lack of appreciation that the work was a natural corollary of pharmaceutical training. In that training, however, something; has always been missing, namely, a specific distinction signifying analytical competence. The recent vacation course .at Bloomsbury Square included lectures on: Modern methods of diag- nosis; recent advances in determining the efficiency of antiseptics; biological tests; sterilisation; vitamins. Apparently, the Pharmaceutical Council has begun to appreciate the fact that its present syllabus is not all- embracing for the pharmaceutist. The new departure shows a broader outlook for pharmacy, while indicating a more competent relationship with medical diagnosis and treatment quite apart from dispensing of prescrip- tions; and I venture to suggest that the needs of the hospital pharmaceutist in training are not uncon- nected with this wider survey of functions. There is not an element in that series on which he has not been expected to acquire knowledge and put it to practical use; and the sources of information have seldom been organised. He is not only the analyst for drugs, but for foods also, disinfectants too, and in many cases certain patliological substances included
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in what is now termed biological analysis. In other words he is, not infrequently, the only chemist on the hospital staff. While, therefore, we welcome the recog- nition of the necessity of advanced instruction and knowledge for the general or shopkeeping pharmacist, we claim that hospital pharmaceutists are fully compe- tent to collaborate in any scheme of educational reform.
Associated Departments
In 1921 proposals for rationalising the hospital ser- vice of this country were submitted to the Minister of Health by a special committee. The need for economy prevented further progress. Some minor but unsuitable assistant phase was suggested for the pharma- cist— utterly inadequate for the recognition of his know- ledge and training. Since then Public Assistance authori- ties have supplanted the old Poor Law authorities, and in some centres laboratories for biological analysis have been organised out of public funds. Recently an advertisement from one of these institutions required a pharmacist with pathological experience, but it was doubtful whether it meant what it said. At the Bath Conference in 1924 the chairman, the late Edmund White, basing his remarks on this report to rationalise hospital service, said, " There is a sort of no man's land between medicine and pharmacy, and the ques- tion arises whether we by our training are rendering ourselves worthy to occupy that no man's land to be useful to the physician and the community." Later he said, " We must earn the right to partici- pate,'' and he 'claimed the right to participate. The Pharmaceutical Society established a Pharmacological Laboratory, and later added a nutrition department.
Dr. Burn, the director, under my own presidency at Brighton, read a paper at the delegates' meeting on this subject and cognate matters, such as the adapta- tion of pharmaceutical training to changed conditions, and set forth a new orientation based on the advance in biological knowledge. For many years many hospital pharmaceutists have set themselves the task of being useful under these changing conditions, conscious that the base of pharmacy must be broadened unless more vocations for sectional help in medical treatment were to be created and pharmacy sink to a lower plane. Pioneers have not found it easy, since training did not exist — and if it did, without a diploma attached, confidence in ability to perform would be difficult to create, and the opportunity might easily pass never to return. Pharmacy — and I use the term in its widest sense of medical service — is an independent entity in practice and a necessary help, not only to the physician, the surgeon, the radiologist, pathologist and bacteriologist, but to any, at . present unthought-of, phase of remedial agency where service can be ren- dered to assist the practitioner. Pharmacy is an expanding, adaptable science of usefulness, or it is played out. I prefer to think the Pharmaceutical Council is alive to the need of equipping its graduates for this wider sphere of usefulness.
Newer Materia Medica
I would like to speak on another phase. One of the most trying features in the life of the hospital pharmaceutist is not the introduction of new medica- ments, which is comparatively eas^', but the variants of the same medicament which spring up like mush- rooms in artificial surroundings. Brand names for known substances are frequently misleading, and cause unnecessary duplication of stock and waste of money. The original conception of the British Pharmaceutical Codex was to subdue these variations to a standard wherever possible. It has not been completely suc- cessful, though it has succeeded to a much greater degree than might have been anticipated when we recall the storm of opposition with which the first Codex was received because it challenged the brand-name abuse. Many trivial names which were specially coined for the Codex are now in common use, and in several instances pharmacists will note with satisfaction
that the British Pharmacopoeia, 1932, has bodily lifted and made official certain medicaments to which, hitherto, it was necessary to add the letters " B.P.C." Here let me pay a tribute to hospital physicians, whom we pharmaceutists should greatly appreciate. I have never found anyone yet who would not preferably order a B.P.C. medicament or pliarma- ceutical preparation rather than a branded article, always providing the pharmaceutist can present a satis- factory case for its therapeutic equivalence. The British Pharmaceutical Codex was originally a com- pendium of medicines without emphasising standards. As one who knows something of the former revision, and that now proceeding, I think I can safely say the new Codex will set a standard which will be valuable to the hospital physician and general practi- tioner— and that means to the welfare of the community. A pharmacopceia largely conditions the practice of pharmacy; and if we add the Codex we might also add efficient medication. Many things are put forward for therapeutic use which would carry greater confi- dence if there was attached to them the opinion of an independent pharmaceutical or pharmacological authority. In a few instances the Pharmacological Laboratory of the Pharmaceutical Society has pub- lished results in the Quarterly Journal, but every hospital man whose opinion is sought knows the great need for comparing pharmacological tests with clinical observations. We should then better understand where we were, in the case of many old drugs as well as new.
The Pharmacist and the Clinician
The final test for any <lrug is clinical usefulness. If one reads extracts from clinical literature there is a risk of being bewildered. A study of the state- ments there made, drawn from a variety of sources, places one in danger of accumulating a wonderful mass of useless knowledge. It is probably asking too much of the comprehensive profession of medicine to be wise on all points in the possible clinical use of drugs, but there is no reason on earth why the phar- macist should not be an intelligent link between the pharmacological expert and the clinician, and not leave it all to the so-called medical representative or traveller. That only reiterates what I have been say- ing. The pharmaceutist requires a broader foundational training. To make a precis of case papers is a simple clerical job; but to understand their value and place them where they might be reproductive of beneficial results requires understanding and a nice discrimination between essentials and non-essentials. Hundreds of pamphlets pass through the hands of the hospital phar- maceutist yearly. If he is wise he studies them critically and makes notes, for one never realises the ramifica- tions of the modern medical representative. The mass of unsifted statements made verbally as well as in print can become exceedingly costly to the hospital and conceivably harmful, unless the pharmaceutist is able to sift the wheat from the chaff. It is a pharma- ceutical job to know and understand materia medica — and I use the term in its widest possible sense.
Pharmacy and Research
Dr. Burn said at the Brighton meeting of dele- gates that " at the present time pharmacy is suffer- ing eclipse from the inefficiency of the British Phar- macopoeia, 1914." Let us liope the eclipse will soon become a relic of the past. To what extent we shall be better off with the British Pharmacopoeia, 1932, rests largely with ourselves and no one else. What we in hospitals need is that adequate and con- tinuous work should be undertaken to produce a phar- macopoeia and ensure co-operation between the physician, pharmacologist and pharmaceutist, to con- sider and report on every prospective medicament or diagnostic agent within more reasonable periods. Advance in medical treatment depends in a consider- able measure on the liveliness in pharmaceutical activity. The final decision whether any medicament
September 17, 1932
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should be made official can easily await the result of experience at the prospective decennial revision. My business to-day is not to expound the British Phar- macopoeia, but specific research due to the demand for quick publication is bad. Unless we can stimulate the urge to continued research, we shall fail to justify the claim of organised pharmacists to further con- sideration. There should be no break in the continuity of research required for future revision of the British Pharmacopoeia and the Codex.
At Manchester the suggestion was put forward to reconstitute a Conference research list. That list will be before you in the annual report. Looking on this phase of pharmacy from the hospital point of view, I am conscious that we have scattered throughout our pharmaceutical departments a mass of e.xperiences which could not fail to be valuable if we were able to collect, sift and give them more public and useful expression. Problems arise daily; some are solved, and, strange to say, sometimes forgotten only to be rediscovered later on by someone who proceeds to make money out of the rediscovery. In the United States I had several discussions on this subject, about the efforts made to stimulate the urge for research among competent phar- maceutists and to correlate the results. The Pharmacy Department of the Columbia University, as you are doubtless aware, periodically sends over here a student with a scholarship to our School of Pharmacy for research, the objective being his thesis for the Ph.D. What seems to me desirable in pharmacy is that research might have a more useful therapeutic objec- tive. The purpose of pharmacy is to make more effective for the use of the physician materia medica in its widest interpretation. New remedies are very important to the hospital pharmacist, as you may have already gathered from my observations. We have our " Quarterly Journal of Pliarmacy and Pharma- cology," we have various attempts at therapeutic indexes, and we have the summary of advances in chemistry, pharmacognosy, pharmacology, pharmacy, new medicaments, and even problems in dispensing, collected within our " Year-Book of Pharmacy "; and yet all these, to me, leave something to be desired.
Unaccepi:able Introductions
The American method differs from ours; they have an annual volume called " New and Unofficial Remedies," where many things are, so to speak, on trial. I am greatly interested in the expressions of opinion in the official medical journal when a remedy is rejected. The professed object is "to protect the medical profession and the public against fraud, unde- sirable secrecy and objectionable advertising in con- nection with proprietary medicinal articles." It sounds interesting, and from my inquiries it serves a very useful purpose with a composite population like tliat of the United States. It does one good to read in the " Journal of the American Medical Association " that a preparation is unacceptable in " New and Unofficial Remedies " " because it is a preparation of indefinite composition offered with unwarranted claims under a proprietary name which is non-descrip- tive of its composition." Or, a statement of this character on a claim that a new mixture obviates cer- tain gastric disturbances from iodine and salicylates:
" There is no reason to believe that the several com- ponents of this mixture will mitigate in any way the charac- teristics of salicylic acid when administered in the form of sodium s.alicylate. On_ the contrary, the ingredients are a hindrance to the intelligent uee of salicylates."
Or, on a so-called diabetic remedy: —
" Tlie article is unacceptable because its composition is mdefinite, because no evidence is offered that it possesses any therapeutic value or that its potency is demonstrated or controlled, because it is sold under a therapeutically sugo-as- tive name which is non-informative of the composition" of the product, with unwarranted claims in such a way as to lead the public to place false dependence on it in a disease the management of which requires the supervision of a physician. '
None of these things was accepted for "New and Unofficial Remedies,'' yet I am credibly informed that one, at least, is not unknown on this side of the Atlantic. There is now a method introduced into Great Britain by the Medical Research Council last year: several medical specialists act as a Therapeutic Trials Committee working in harmony with the Chemotherapy Committee to examine new products submitted to them commercially for controlled clinical tests. We have here the beginnings of better things, and hospital men appreciate the possibilities. If the committee can eliminate those weird things that come from all parts of the globe, that " have their day and cease to be," and not infrequently interfere with some knovv-n reme- dial agents because they have not behind them an apostle of truth in advertising, then it will be a boon and a blessing. It should not be beyond the wit of the pro- fessional societies of medicine and pharmacy to devise some regulative mechanism capable of dealing with this never-ending stream of remedies based on detached opinions and insufficient data.
Conclusion
To a certain extent it may appear that I have out- lined a change in outlook. If it is change, it has been one of slow growth, and rightly so, since sudden and forced change is less likely TxJ'iQ-'v^ permanent value. In hospitals we think pharmacy can supply, and is sup- plying, a more satisfying service than is officially recog- nised. That is my justification to-day for what I have said. If we think more realistically about pharmacy we shall find it plays a practical and useful part in modern therapeutics. Above all, the status of a profession depends upon the ability of its prac- titioners to make good, and for that they must be trained. The only safe way to usefulness is to broaden the base of pharmaceutical training, to create a wider service; then more adequate recog- nition of our profession will follow as surely as day follows night. The reasonable expectation of the com- munity from our profession is the services we can render in the restoration and maintenance of individual as well as public health.
SCOTCH FI1DB1.E.
J*Uarc Dof^Ucdr fc ^cc me a Ban/tec'.^ ttorf/i o'JSnhisfanr ,
iti- no for mjfscl but Jhr anttlicr GrnUcnKI/l f/mt outsiHi ■
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THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
September 17, 1932
Trade Notes
A NEW AUTOCLAVE. — We havc received from Britton, Malcolm & Waymark, Ltd., 38 Southwark Bridge Road, London, S.E.i, details of a new autoclave for pharma- gists. The apparatus, wliich is manufactured by Joseph Sankey & Sons, Ltd., Bilston, is designed to meet the requirements of the British Pharmacopceia, 1932, and the needs of modern dispensing practice. The smaller of the two models, illustrated herewith, has a sterilising chamber of about 7 J in. in diameter, and 5 in. deep. The larger has a sterilising chamber 10 ins. in dia-
meter and io|^ in. deep. The container is made of pressed steel, which is tested to withstand a pressure of 100 lb. per square inch. The lid is fitted with a washer and is placed beneath the rim, a crossbar and thumbscrew form an effective means of closure. The lid is fitted with a safety valve and pressure gauge; the latter, of the automatic gas-regulating type, is graduated in degrees C. and lbs. per square inch pressure. The apparatus contains galvanised iron wire cages and a wire grid. The prices of both sizes are well within the reach of the average chemist, the larger model, on account of its greater capacity, being, of rourse, the more useful.
A NEW bakelite container (and holder) for H.B.T. aseptic shaving soap is advertised by Mr. Hunter Beattie, Monteith Row, Glasgow, S.E.
Wooden chip boxes are advertised in this issue by Mr. Jos Klein, Kaiserswalde, Kr. Habelschwerdt, Bez. Breslau, Germany. Sample and prices on application.
The merits of Askit powders are emphasised by Askit, Ltd., Keppochill Road, Glasgow, who point out that this proprietary has been nationally advertised for twenty-five years.
Little Victor inh.\ler. — Particulars of the Little Victor inhaler (vest-pocket model), including display terms, are given by Cockburn & Co., Ltd., i3o-i.)o Howard Street, Glasgow.
A design in bed-pans has been registered by Shelley Potteries, Ltd., Longton, embodying various features designed to increase comfort in use. Particulars will be found elsewhere in this issue.
ZiM. — Under the name of Zim, Arthur H. Cox & Co., Ltd., Brighton, are introducing four articles — inhalant, toothache tincture, corn cure, vapourstick — retailing at a popular price, and allowing a good margin of profit.
Premo bath brushes. — We are asked by Premo Brushes, Ltd., Petersfield, to explain that the retail price of the ' ' club ' ' size _ (extra large) Premo bath brushes advertised in our issue of September 10, is 2S. 6d., not as prirAed.
LTltra-violet ray lamp. — A. Brodersen, 11 North- ampton Square, Lc/ndon, E.C.i, have marketed a lamp for the production of ultra-violet rays in the house- hold. The lamp is known as the Stella Vita, and is issued at a moderate price.
Calendars. — Dudley & Co., Ltd., 451 Holloway Road, London, N.7, have sent us specimens of pic- torial calendars for next year. These show a good variety of subject, colouring and general style, and are quoted in quantities from fifty upwards.
Prepar.^tions for the feet. — C. L. Shard & Co., Ltd., 212-214 Great Portland Street, London, W.i, call attention to Marchers Oxygenated Footbath Salts and Foot Dusting Powder, retailing at a popular price and sent, with show material, on advantageous terms.
Pamphlet on domestic pests. — The Rodent and Insect Pest Destruction Co., Ltd., 69A Sancroft Street, London, S.E. 11, has issued a thirty-two page illustrated pamphlet (6d., post free) on the control and destruc- tion of domestic pests, including rodents and insects.
According to the new Pharmacopceia. — Products conforming to the requirements of the British Pharma- copoeia, 1932, are offered by William Ransom & Son, Ltd., Hitchin; and by National Drug Industries, Ltd., Devon Wharf, Emmott Street, Mile End, London, E.i.
An antiseptic (perfumed) known as Deodis is adver- tised widely and regularly. Particulars are given else- where. Tile distributors for England and Wales are Francis Newbery & Sons, Ltd., 31-33 Banner Street, London, E.C.i; and for Scotland James Taylor (Tron- gate), Ltd., 132 Trongate, Glasgow, C.i.
Permenda.— Phillip's Patents, Ltd., 142 Old Street, London, E.C.i, are marketing a new product for
ladders " and small holes in silk stockings. This pro- duct, it is stated, can be applied so as to prevent the formation of " ladders " or to repair those that may have formed. Particulars will be found in the adver- tisement pages of this issue.
Novel presentation. — M. J. Fecher, Ltd., Cuckoo House, 10 Dod Street, London, E.14, give details, on another page of this issue, of their refillable iodine pencil, guaranteed unleakable and smartly finished. Another novelty from the same house is the Fingertip menthol cone, flattened obliquely on one side to imitate the shape of a finger point and attractively cased in bakelite.
name — distributed Gambles & Co.
Antiseptikol is the of a tooth-paste by J. C. b (X Co., Ltd., 2 1 1-2 15 Blackfriars Road, London, S.E.i. It is claimed that this is a straightforward, pleasant, cleansing and refreshing dentifrice attractive!}'- packed and sent out with- out extravagant claims. The showcard supplied is original and distinctive in a very attractive way.
Shaving without razor. — " Snow " is the name of a new powder used for making a shaving lather which is taken off by means of a wooden spatula supplied (with shaving brush) with each packet. The analysis forwarded to us shows the presence of calcium sulphate and carbonate, silica and strontium sulphide as the prin- cipal ingredients. No poisonous metal is present. The product is marketed by The Britannia Laboratories, 13 Little Litchfield Street, London, W.i, whose bonus offer appears in the advertisement pages of this issue.
September 17, 1932
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
317
Births
Notices for insertion in this column must be properly authenticated.
RusHTON. — At 26 Stainburn Road, Moortown, Leeds, on September 8, the wife of H. Rush ton (nee Nora Eaddie, of a son.
Spence. — At 3 Cressbourne Avenue, Roker, on Septem- ber 9, Elsie, wife of John Spence, M.P.S., of a son.
Spencer Palmer. — At i Carnarvon Buildings, High Street, Clacton-on-Sea, on September 8, Andree {7iee Edwards), M.P.S., wife of R. L. Spencer Palmer, M.P.S., of a daughter.
Marriages
Clayson — Treen. — At St. Peter's Church, Dunchurch, Warwickshire, on September 12, William M. Clayson, Ph.C, to Dorothy L. Treen, Dunchurch.
RoBSON — Bryson. — At St. George's Church, Gates- head, on September i, by the Rev. J. W. Swift, M.A., William Robson, chemist and druggist. Low Fell, Gates- head, to Hilda Bryson, chemist and druggist, Gates- head.
Stather — Marsden. — At Oughtibridge Church, on September 8, William Eric Stather, M.P.S., eldest son of Mr. W. B. Stather, M.P.S., "Leigh Wold," Upper- thorpe, Sheffield, to Margaret Marsden, Westbourne, Oughtibridge.
Deaths
Nicholson. — At 27 Beaver Road, Didsbury, recently, after a brief illness, Mr. Malcolm Nicholson, chemist and druggist, for many years manager to Boots, Ltd., at the Oldham Street, Manchester, branch.
WHERLY^ — At the Liverpool Royal Infirmary, on September 7, following a seizure, Mr. Charles Wherly, chemist and druggist, Rake Lane, Wallasey, aged fifty- nine. Mr. Wherly opened a shop in Wallasey in 1899. He retired a few years ago from active participation in the business, which has since been carried on by his nephew. Mr. Wherly was a member of the Liverpool Chemists' Association and of the Wallasey Pharmacists' Association .
Whitehead. — In Farfield Nursing Home, More- cambe, on September 2, Mr. Frederick Nathaniel White- head, Ph.C, 2 Queen Street, aged sixty-three. Mr. Whitehead, who. was a native of Manchester, com- menced business on his own account at Carshalton, but purchased the pharmacy of Mr. J. J. Fell, Ph.C, More- cambe, in 1896, and successfully developed it. He was a past-president of the Lancaster and District Chemists' Association. For many years Mr. Whitehead was organist of Morecambe Parish Church, and he was one of the earliest workers in connection with the More- cambe Musical Festival. He was also a member of "the Morecambe Golf Club and a prominent freemason. He is survived by a widow and daughter. The funeral took place on September 6, and was preceded by a service at the Parish Church, attended b^^ the Mayor, several members of the Corporation, magistrates and others. Mr. Alexander Bate represented the Lancaster Kendal and District Branch of the Pharmaceutical Society, and Mr. J. B. Shattock the Lancaster Branch of the National Pharmaceutical Union. Among the numerous floral tributes were wreaths from the County Pharmaceutical Committee, the Lancaster Branch of the Pharmaceutical Society, and fellow chemists in Morecambe and the district.
Personalities
Mr. T. J. Badgett, Clarence Place, Newport, Mon., a past-president of the Newport and Monmouthshire Branch of the Pharmaceutical Society, has been appointed cliairman of the Newport Insurance Com- mittee.
Sir Frederick Keeble, F.R.S., has been released from executive and routine duties as controller of the agricultural research station of Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., in order that he may be able to devote himself more freely to scientific problems in connection with agriculture. Sir Frederick remains a member of the Imperial Chemical Industries Research Council.
Mr. John H. Robinson, Exchange Station Pharmacy, Liverpool, happily recovered from his alarming experi- ence when a heavy van crashed into his window recently, gave the returning British delegates from the Canadian-American Pharmaceutical Convention a pleasant surprise by welcoming them on their arrival from Montreal on September 6.
Mr. James R. Rust, Lord Provost of Aberdeen, whose portrait appears -on p. 320 of this issue, is managing director of Charles McDonald, Ltd., Froghall Granite Works. His lordship has a record of public work extending over about twenty-five years. After serving for a time as a city councillor for the Rose- mount Ward he was appointed civic treasurer; and in this capacity was so successful that he was elected to the highest office in the city in due course. The Lord Provost is now in this third year of office. In addition to his responsible duties, in municipal affairs he is chair- man of the Harbour Trust and serves on other public bodies.
Business Changes
Mr. Henry Weir, Ph.C, has opened a pharmacy at 7 Ormeau Road, Belfast.
Mr. R. MacKenna, Ph.C, has commenced business at 62 Botanic Avenue, Belfast.
Mr. a. E. Axtell, chemist and druggist, is shortly opening a branch at Kidlington.
The name of Feen-a-mint Products, Ltd., Bush House, London, W.C.2, has been changed to White's Laboratories, Ltd.
Mr. C. G. Hatchard, chemist and druggist, has pur- chased the Camden Pharmacy from Spedding & Hurst, High Street, Peckham, London, S.E.15.
A PHARMACY' has been opened at 129c Upper New- townards Road, Belfast, under the style of the Oakland Pharmacy, Ltd., under the management of Mr. John R. Sanderson, Ph.C.
Wills
Mr. Thomas Wilson, 52 Park Road, Lenton, Notting- ham, chemist and druggist, who died on February 12 last; aged eighty-one, left estate gross value ;^2i,558, with net personalty ;^io,784.
Mr. William Orr. Ph.C, Hartford Cottage, The Mall, Armagh, co. Armagh, merchant, who died on Novem- ber 2 last, left personal estate in Great Britain and Northern Ireland valued at £7.i29-
Alderman Stephen Stephens, J. P., 136 Longwood Road, Huddersfield, Yorks, chemist and druggist, a member of the Huddersfield Town Council, who died on April 20 last, aged seventy-five, l?*t estate value ^4,059, with net personaltv ;^2,54i.
318
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
September 17, 1932
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THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
319
THE
Chemist AND Druggist
VOL. CXVII. SEPTEMBER 17, 1932 NO. 2745
The Conference Papers
The Aberdeen meeting of the British Pharmaceutical Conference, which had not concluded when we went to press, has been distinguished by an attendance above the average of recent years and by the Highland wel- come accorded to members and visitors from other districts. The address of the chairman (Mr. Herbert Skinner) was in effect an eloquent plea for a true con- ception of pharmacy. " It always appears to me," the chairman remarked in one passage, " that the phar- macist who closes down his laboratory is losing the soul of pharmacy — a loss that is much too serious to be made good by profits on proprietary and packed goods." The papers presented in the Science Section numbered twenty-nine, the highest figure on record, as far as we are aware. The Analytical Classification of the Fish-Liver Oils has been explored by Messrs. Norman Evers and Wilfred Smith, who compare oils obtained from (i) fish of the Gadida family; (2) the elasmobranch class of fish; (3) miscellaneous fish. The general analytical characters are tabulated. Messrs. Noel L. Allport and T. Tusting Cocking have improved the process for The Coloriinetric Assay of Ergot in the 1932 B.P., the addition of ferric chloride obviating any need for the exposure to light previously necessary for colour development. Messrs. P. A. W. Self and C. E. Corfield have devised new methods for The Determina- tion of Colchicine in Colchiciiin Conn and Seeds and the Official Colchicum Preparations, finding the methods of previous investigators to be defective. Some Pro- posed. New FormiAlas for the British Pharmaceutical Codex, arranged with comments by Mr. H. Treves Brown, will be read with interest, especially in view of the newly established relation between the British Pliarmacopoeia and the Codex. Mr. James Coutts has investigated The Assay of Santonin in Artemisia by various methods, and has devised a new gravimetric process. ■ Miss E. M. Smelt has carried out A Compari- son of Tests for Balsam of Peru, selecting seventeen specimens for examination. The results obtained are tabulated. Mr. F. Wokes makes A Comparison of the Antidiuretic and Oxytocic Potencies of Commerci'il Pituitary Extracts, and deals with methods of assay. The same author shows, in The Protein Content of Coni- mercial Pituitary Extract, that undue increase in the content indicates inefficiency in manufacture through loss of activity. The Volumetric Assay of Chlorates is examined by Mr. G. J. W. Ferrey, who in two con- tributions shows that the reaction between chloric and hydriodic acids is rapid and assay accurate provided the conditions laid down are followed. Strong Solution of Lead Subacetate is not an equilibrium mixture, but a variable solution, according to phase-rule reasonings by Mr. C. Morton. The Origins of British Pharmacy are the subject of an interesting survey by Mr. J. P. Gilmour, who makes a strong appeal for the com- pilation of " a comprehensive and standard work " oil the subject, and suggests that the Conference might encourage the study of the history of pharmacy. Mr. H. Brindle discusses The Volumetric Determination of Mercuric Chloride by Rupp's Method and its draw- backs. He suggests shortening the time requin<^ for dissolving the precipitated mercury in the iodine by
adding a given quantity of a mixture of ether and chloroform in the proportions of two to one by volume. A paper which is of considerable importance in con- nection with the testing of dispensing is that on The Determination of Mercury in Mixtures containing Solu- tions of Mercuric Chloride and Vegetable Infusions, by Miss L. M. Mundy and Miss -C. W. S.- Rix. Messrs. N. Glass and A. J. Jones discuss The Preparation and Com- position of the Precipitated Phosphates of Calcium, and conclude that almost any proportion of di- and tribasic phospliate may occur in a sample according to the con- ditions of manufacture. Messrs. A. D. Powell and G. F. Hall discuss the difficulties of The Estimation of Lead and Other Metals in Iron Salts, and suggest a new test. The application to pharmaceutical preparations of the test which Mr. Norman Evers and Mr. L. A. Haddock recently described for the determination of minute amounts of copper is the subject of a paper by these workers entitled The Copper Content of Certain Phar- maceutical Preparations and Chemicals. The import- ance of traces of copper in iron medicaments has led to new methods by Messrs. Noel L. Allport and G. H. Skrimshire for The Determination of Traces of Lead and Copper in Iron Preparations. Mr. David Rattray points out that there exists in the pharmacist's mind certain impressions as to the nature and inherent quali- ties of effervescent preparations, notably as regards their hygroscopic nature, and consequent liability to premature chemical reaction. It was to elicit a numeri- cal foundation for such impressions that he has under- taken the research described in Effervescent Properties of Granular Effervescent Preparations. A derivative of phenylethaneolamine has been synthetised by Messrs. H. E. Glynn and W. H. Linnell, whose paper is entitled Halogen Analogues of Adrenalin and Ephedrine, in an attempt to find a stable substance with the phar- macological action of adrenalin. The Preparation of Certain Aliphatic Amino-Alcohols is discussed by Messrs. H. E. Glynn and W. H. Linnell as part of a study of the structure of anaesthetics. Benzoic esters of amino- alcohols containing five and six carbon atoms respec- tively are devoid of local anaesthetic action, and it is surmised that this is due to increase in length of carbon chain between the functional hydroxy and amino groups. The Phenol Content of Some Nasal Antiseptic Tablets and Phenol Lozenges is sadly deficient, as shown by the research of Mr. C. E. Corfield and Miss L. Marjorie Mundy on the determination of phenol in medicaments. The Determination of Phenol in Phenol Ointment has been studied by Miss E. M. Smelt, with the result that either of two methods is recommended. Messrs. C. T. Bennett and N. R. Campbell contribute a paper on The Determination of Bismuth in Solution of Bismuth and Ammonium Citrate. In a Note on Calcium Glycerophosphate Messrs. C.' T. Bennett and N. R. Campbell arrive at the conclusion that only the neutral salt should be used for the B.P. Codex compound syrup of glycerophosphates. Analyti- cal data are given. A new apparatus for The Estima- tion of Essential Oil m Drugs and Spices is described by Messrs. T. T. Cocking and G. Middleton. An improved formula for Mistura Bisinuthi Composita Acida cum Pepsino, B.P.C., is the outcome of the paper by Mr. C. J. Eastland. In A Classification of Some Recent Biological Methods, Dr. J. H. Burn gives a conspectus of principles of biological standardisation. Finally, Mr. S. Taylor contributes a Note on the Colouring Matter of Cochineal, using as his starting point the so-called gelatinisation of solutions of cochineal. The author recommends the extraction of the colour by using first a weak acid and afterwards a weak alkaline solution. Meetings of delegates from the Society's branches have also been held, and the social events, as our reports indi- cate, have proved highly attractive.
320
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
September 17, 1932
BRITISH PHARMACEUTICAL CONFERENCE
^^~^k t P r 0 c t c d i
n
y^BERDEEN has been the home of the British Phar- /-% maceutical Conference on two previous occasions, J. A. in 1885 and in igo8. At the earlier of these meetings the president was Mr. J. B. Stephenson, a Scottish pharmacist who had a university training under Professor William Gregory and Sir Robert Christison at Edinburgh, and was chairman of the Pharmaceutical Society's
■ Scottish Board of Ex- aminers for several years. The vice-presidents in- cluded Mr. Michael Car- teighe (then president of the Pharmaceutical Society), Mr. F. Baden Benger (Manchester) and lAIr. J. P. Kay (Aber- deen). The treasurer was
'Mr. Charles Umney; the general secretaries were Mr. Sidney Plowman, F.R.C.S., and Dr. J. C. Thresh; and the local . secretary was Mr. A. Strachan. The papers pre- sented numbered twenty- five; a few of the authors are still engaged in scien- tific research, even if they are not present at this
■year's meeting. They in- cluded (in order of appear- ance) Sir Wyndham Dun- stan and Mr. F. Ransom (two joint monographs on the assay of bella- donna leaves), Mr. W. Gilmour, Mr. Peter Mac- Ewan (afterwards Editor of The Chemist and Druggist, who presented an analysis of various eucalyptus oils), Mr. D. B. Dott, Mr. Thomas Maben, Mr. A. H. Allen, Mr. W. A. H. Naylor (afterwards a president of the Conference), Dr. David Hooper (president
of the Conference in 1916), and Mr. Robert Wright (president of the Conference at the next Aberdeen meeting). Our report of the Conference mentions that at the first session about seventy members were present; the attendance book eventually showed a total of about twice that number. Several visits to local works and other places of interest were organised; and after the more serious proceedings had been formally closed an all-day excursion to Braemar took place. This was a m,uch-appreciated function, as also was the annual dinner of the Aberdeen and North of Scotland Society of Chemists and Druggists, to which members of the Conference were invited. The " Year- Book of Pharmacy " afterwards recorded that " the list of toasts was too long to admit of more than a very- condensed report "; apparently other publications experienced the same difficulty, as " after the usual loyal and patriotic toasts " (the number of which is not stated) had been honoured twelve others were given. Among the members and visitors were Messrs.
THE LORD PROVOST OF ABERDEEN
(MR. JAMES R. RUST)
Coutts, Giles, Paterson, Sim and Strachan, of Aber- deen; Mr. Payne, of Belfast; Messrs. Alcock and Barclay (afterwards Sir Thomas Barclay), of Birmingham; Mr. Savagei, of Brighton; Messrs. Anderson, Ferrier and Kerr, of Dundee; Mr. Howie, then of Eccles; Messrs. Dctt, Gilmour and Pinkerton, of Edinburgh; Messrs.
Frazer and Kinninmont. of Glasgow; Mr. Ward, of Leeds; Messrs. Burford and St. Dalmas, of Leicester; Messrs. T. F. Abraham and Conroy, of Liverpool; a strong contingent from London, including Messrs. Bremridge, R. H. Davies, W. Martindale, Passmore, R. A. (afterwards Sir Richard) Robinson, C. and J. C. Umney, J. Williams and A. C. Wootton (Editor of The Chemist and Druggist); Messrs. J. Angell and A. H. Jackson, of Man- chester; Mr. Allen, of Sheffield; and Mr. Groves, of Weymouth.
At the 1908 Aberdeen meeting of the Conference the proceedings assumed the order that, with slight variation in detail, is still usual. A civic reception in the Art Gallery on the eve of the opening was the occasion of some brief and excellent speeches. The late Mr. Robert Wright, of Buxton, was the president; the vice- presidents included at least three who may be present again this year if circumstances permit — Professor Greenish and Messrs. Naylor and Ran- som; the treasurer was Mr. J. C. Umney; the general secretaries were Messrs. E. Saville Peck and E. White; and the local secretary was Mr. W. F. Hay (now chairman of the Local Executive Committee). The Science Section received twenty-three papers; among the contributors were Mr. T. Maltby Clague, Mr. F. H. Alcock, Dr. David Hooper, Mr. Harold Wyatt, Mr. W. B. Cowie, Mr. B. M. Brander (after- wards assistant editor of The Chemist and Druggist), Mr. Gilbert Simpson, Mr. J. P. Gilmour, Dr. W. E. Dixon (jointly with Mr. W. H. Harvey), Dr. F. B. Power (with Mr. H. Rogerson). Mr. Ernest Quant, Mr. E. W. Pollard and (with Mr. H. E. Watt) Mr. (after- wards Lieutenant-Colonel) E. F. Harrison. The Con- ference was welcomed at the opening session by the Vice-Chancellor and Principal of Aberdeen University (the Very Rev. Dr. J. Marshall Lang), who was the father of the present Archbishop of Canterbury. As in 1885, the numerous excursions culminated in an all- day outing to Braemar. Our " Who Were There " column included many names that reappear in the corresponding list from the present meeting.
September 17, 1932
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
321
BRITISH PHARMACEUTICAL CONFERENCE • I 932
Opening Session
Tuesday, September 13
Glorious weather greeted the members and visitors on rising on Tuesday morning, and the MacRobert Hall of Robert Gordon's Colleges was well filled when the chairman of the Conference (Mr. Herbert Skinner) took the chair. He was supported by, among others, Messrs. Hines, Keall, Rowsell, Franklin, Tocher, Peck, R. R. Bennett, Gamble, D. Lloyd Howard, Mel- huish. Dr. Hampshire and Dr. Crossley Hol- land.
The Chairman called on Bailie Swinney to address the Conference.
The Civic Welcome
Bailie W. Dixon Swinney (who was wear- ing his crimson robe and gold chain of office) said : ' ' Deputising for Lord Provost Rust, who much regrets his inability to be present to greet you here this morning, owing to pressing civic duties, I have great pleasure, on behalf of the Lord Provost, magis- trates, Council and citi- zens of Aberdeen, in ex- tending to you a most cordial welcome to our city. (Applause.) We consider it an honour that such a learned scien- tific body should be hold- ing its Conference in our midst so far north. Many people who do not know Scotland well are under the mistaken im- pression that civilisation stops short at Edinburgli — (laughter) — and they are greatly and agreeably surprised on venturing further north to find a modern, progressive, well- equipped city, with a charm and beauty of its own, due largely, per- haps, . to the material from which it is built — ("Hear, hear" and applause)— catering not only for the physical well- being of its citizens, but possessing a University whose record and traditions pass far down the centuries, and whose sons occupy prominent positions all over the world. (Aplause.) So, although I grant you that Edinburgh, may be regarded as the heart of Scotland, may I venture the suggestion that Aberdeen may have a claim to the head. (Applause.) I trust, therefore, that the bracing atmosphere of our city and the natural beauty of its surroundings may prove conducive to a full measure of success -attending the efforts of your Conference. (Applause.)
It is but natural and fitting that Aberdeen should take a special interest in your proceedings, because I find that the oldest pharmaceutical organisation in Britain was the Aberdeen Pharmaceutical Association, founded in 1839 — (Applause) — so that, if my arithmetic is correct, that is thirty-four years before your Con- ference began its activities. (Applause.) So we, in
MR. F. GLADSTONE HINES
PRESIDENT OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN
Aberdeen, if we cannot claim to be the parent of the British Pharmaceutical Conference, may be permitted the privilege of the relationship of elder brother. (Applause.) Your duties as pharmacists are intimately bound up with the great science and art of healing, and you are a valuable — nay, I should rather say, an essential and indispensable — adjunct to the medical pro- fession and the great institutions for the relief of the sick and the suffering. By your labours you are perform- ing a national service in securing that the fruits of the research laboratories are made available to the public
in a form that makes possible the successful treatment of diseases that were formerly baffling to medical science, You have established for yourselves a great reputa- tion, and have deservedly won the confidence of the medical profession and , the general public. There was a time not so very long ago — before the pass- ing of the Insurance Acts — when the skilful chemist stpod in the posi- tion of guide, philosopher and friend to many a working-class household. (Applause.) The position has now changed with the operation of Health Insurance, but it seems to me, as a friend of mine remarked the other day, the skilful chemist has now re-established the same relationship with the middle classes.
Now, ladies and gentle- men, I know from your agenda that you have many matters of vital interest to discuss, and I sliall not, therefore, longer detain you from the business for which you are met. I trust your discussions and de- liberations here will result in further benefit to the community, and add still greater lustre to the name of the British Phar- maceutical Conference. (Loud applause.)
The President's Reply
Mr. F. Gladstone Hines (president of the Pharmaceutical Society) : It is for me this morning, on your behalf as a Con- ference, and on behalf of the Society, to thank Bailie Swinney for the very kind welcome he has afforded to us to this City of Aberdeen. (Applause.) When- ever we woke up we realised that it was an invigorating morning, and that we were to experience the invigorating breezes of Aberdeen, and had received a hearty welcome to the city in which the Conference is so greatly appreciated. (Applause.) We are here, doubtless, for serious business, for the Conference has to do with two things. In the first place our Con- ference is the culminating point of the year, and the presentation of that amount of scientific research which has been done to provide not only an increasing amount of knowledge in pharmaceutical affairs, but to, improve the processes and methods of manufacture, all of which go for the benefit of the community itself. (Applause.) Tliat is the serious side.^ But there is also the social side with its social reunions.
322
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
September 17, 1932
BRITISH PHARMACEUTICAL CONFERENCE • I 932
A.
(Applause.) We are a peripatetic body, and like all peripatetic bodies, we widen our circle of friendships from year to year in all parts of the British Isles. We have been at Manchester, Cardiff, Brighton, and now we are in the Far North, because we think there are considerable numbers in the City of Aberdeen who should be with us — (Applause)- — and we hope to have a good time in exploring the beauties of this part of Scotland. (Applause.)- We are looking forward to making acquaintance with beautiful Deeside, and shall appreciate the opportunity of knowing better this City of Aberdeen. (Applause.)
Chairman's Address
The chairman then delivered his address, which is printed in full on pp. 312-15 of this issue.
Vote of Thanks
Mr. E. Saville Peck moved a vote of thanks to the chairman. Mr. Peck said he could not help feeling a distinct wiish to bring to the notice of members that twenty-four years ago Robert Wright was chairman of the Conference, and he fulfilled the desire which had been expressed by the present chairman, who had been most happy in the choice of his subject. Mr. Skinner was the greatest authority on hospital pharmacy. He had treated his subject in a most skilful manner. (Applause.) A great number of hospital pharmacists could teach the medical man to appreciate m.ore the thing he ordered. (Applause, and laughter.) Mr. Peck said he was delighted that Mr. Skinner finished up on the note of optimism, because he was of opinion that the pharmacist, properly trained, would ultimately reap adequate remuneration. (Applause.)
Mr. J. H. Franklin, in seconding the vote of thanks, said .it gave him very great pleasure to do so. It was the first time they had an address on hospital phar- macy, and with the present evolution of medicine it was the most appropriate address they could have had. (Applause.) Never in the history of the world had pharmacy reached such a high efficiency as at the present time in the laboratories, thanks io medical research and the assistance of pharmacists in the hospitals. And if the importance of hospital pharmacy was recognised, it might draw attention to the claims of the hospital pharmacists. (Applause.) The Con- ference must do all it can for this advance in hospital pharmacy, because there must be advance, and it must, in large measure, emanate from those pharmacy dis- pensaries which are usually attached to modern hospi- tals. (Applause.) In modern hospitals the treatment was vastly different from what it was twenty-five to thirty years ago — and of that they would get some rather startling examples in the British Pharmacopoeia. He thought they might very well offer their thanks to the hospital pharmacists of the country for the very valuable work they were doing. (Applause.) They might say the hospital pharmacist was a success, and hope he would continue to promote the general health of the country. (Applause.)
The Chairman of the Conference, in acknowledging the vote of thanks, said: I would like to emphasise that hospitals have the name of being extremely useful for helping pharmacists, and I think they are in a better condition than ever with regard to the treatment of diseases and relieving many of those troubles- that afflict humanity. Thear are quite a number of hospital pharmacists here to-d^y, and I am glad to think they have chosen a chairman from their own ranks. (Applause.) We should be conscious we have the beginning of a better development than our own in being attached to institutions of the country. What has been done in the past has been small in comparison to what we will be able to do. (Applause.) If we are united more conscientiously with our fellows in the hospital .service — or let me say, rather, in the medical science— we can secure advances in that service and brmg the hospital to a position of greater efficiency.
Science Section
Tuesday Morning
The opening meeting of the Science Session com- menced at 11.30 on Tuesday morning, the chair being occupied by the chairman of the Coniference, Mr. Herbert Skinner, who first called upon Mr. Norman Evers to read a paper on : — •
The Analytical Classification ot the Fish-Liver Oils
By Norman Evers, B.Sc, F.I.C, and Wilfred Smith, B.Sc, A.I.C.
[Abstract]
The fish from which liver oils are extracted commercially may be divided into three groups: — (i) The lish of the GadidcB family including the cod, coal-fish, haddock, ling, torsk, etc.; (2) the elasmobranch class of fish, in- cluding the sharks, dog-fish, and skate; (3) a few mis- cellaneous fish such as the hake and the halibut. The oil may be readily extracted from the livers of the members of the first two groups by a simple process of heating with water. This distinguishes them from most other fish, from which only small amounts of oil can be obtained by this method. The object of the authors' investigation was to determine how far differences in analytical characters and particularly in the nature of the unsaponifiable matter correspond with the zoological classification.
The Composition and Characters of the Unsaponifiable Matter
The method of Bolton and Williams (" Analyst," 1932, 57. 25) for the determination of unsaponifiable matter has been used in this paper. Bolton and Williams stress the importance of using ether rather tlian light petroleum when fish or fish-liver oils are being tested. The authors found that the difference in the results obtained with the two solvents was particu- larly evident with shark-liver oils. (A table is given.) If the unsaponifiable matter be re-saponified with alcoholic potash, state the authors, it can then be com- pletely extracted with light petroleum without any diffi- culty.
The authors then give the more important consti- tuents of the unsaponifiable matter of fish-liver oils and a summary of the mort important investigations on cod- liver oil, shark-liver oil, dog-fish liver oil, and halibut- liver oil.
The bulk of the cholesterol may be crystallised from the unsaponifiable matter by dissolving in about ten volumes of absolute methyl alcohol and allowing to stand for twenty-four hours at 0° C. Mter removal of the cholesterol by filtration at 0° C. the methyl alcohol may be evaporated off and on dissolving the residue in about ten volumes of acetone, any insoluble matter being filtered off, and allowing to stand at 0° C. for twenty- four hours butyl alcohol if present in any quantity crystallises out. A number of oils were treated in this way, the composition of the crystals being checked by means of the melting-point and recrystallisation being carried out, if this varied by much from that of the pure substance. The crystals so obtained were weighed. (A table is given.)
From the table it appears that the oils may roughly group themselves according to their zoological classifi- cation. These results suggested the possibility of obtaining quantitative analytical figures on the unsaponi- fiable matter which would show these variations in com- position. The acetyl value appeared to be a likely figure, but it was found that there was great difficulty in obtaining accurate results on small quantities of un- saponifiable matter and the method was abandoned.
The iodine values of the unsaponifiable matter were obtained on the series of oils which the authors examined and are reported. (A table is given.) The oils of the Gadidcs family give definitely higher iodine
September 17. 1932
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
323
BRITISH PHARMACEUTICAL CONFERENCE ♦ I 932
values than any of the other oils. This would not apply, however, to those shark-liver oils containing large amounts of squalene.
The following are the details of the method used for the preparation of the acid phthalic esters (results are tabulated) : —
0.5 gm. of the unsaponifiablo matter was difsolvcd in 5 c.c. of pyridine in a conical flask and to the solution 1.1 gm. of phthalic anhydride was added. After, standing in the dark for from throe to four days 15 c.c. of water and an excess of peroxide-free ether were added. After washing with 20 c.c. of 2 per cent, sulphuric acid to remove the pyridine, the ether layer was washed with water until the washings were neutral. This necessitates as many as twenty washings in most cases. The ether layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered into a weighed flask, the ether evaporated and the residue dried in the eteam-oven to constant weight. The residue was dissolved in a small quantity of ether , (about 2 c.c.) and a largo excess (250 c.c.) of light petroleum was added and the whole allowed to stand overnight at a temperature of about 10^ C. The precipitate was filtered off and well washed with light jjotroleum and the filtrate and washings were collected in a weighed flask. After evaporating the mixed solvents the residue was dried in the oven to constant weight. This gave the light petroleum soluble matter, while the dift'erence between this and the total esteified material gives the light petroleum-insoluble esters.
General Analytical Characters
The figures given in Tables I (III) and II (IV) were determined on oils extracted from the livers of fish caught in the North Sea or North Atlantic, being authenticated specimens made from livers unmixed with the livers of other fish. The figures given for cod-liver oil show the variation in the results obtained with samples of pure cod-liver oil extending over the last few years; those for unsaponifiable matter include only those which have been obtained since the authors have been satisfied that the method of determination gave the whole of the unsaponifiable matter in the oil.
Table I [III] COD-LivEE Oils
|
No. ex- amined |
Mean value |
Limits |
B.P. 1932 limits |
|
|
Sp. gr. 15.5/15.5" |
40 |
0.9262 |
0.924-0.929 |
0.922-0.929 |
|
Eef. ind. 40° |
32 |
1.4711 |
1.4705-1.4728 |
1.4705-1.4745 |
|
Acid value |
87 |
0.65 |
0.20-1.50 |
not more than |
|
1.2 |
||||
|
Saponification |
||||
|
value |
42 |
184.7 |
181-189 |
180-190 |
|
Iodine value |
46 |
162.5 |
154-172 |
155-173 |
|
Unsaponitiable |
||||
|
matter |
27 |
1.17 |
0.95-1.52 |
not more than |
|
1.5 per cent. |
||||
|
"Blue " value . . |
63 |
13.5 |
4.6-24.6 |
not less than |
|
6.0 |
Concluding, the authors state that from these results the strong resemblance between the oils of the Gadidce family is apparent, although none of these oils except cod complies with the B.P. 1932 requirements in every particular. Among the elasmobranch fish the sharks and dog-fish give oils having a close resemblance to one another in having low s. g., saponification and iodine values and in containing high percentages of unsaponifiable matter. These oils are readily distin- guishable from the Gadidcs oils by analysis. Skate- liver oil, on the other hand, is markedly different from the shark and dog-fish liver oils and its analytical con- ' stants resemble those of the Gadidce. The unsaponifi- able matter, however, is different in character. Hake oil again is indistinguishable from the oils of the GadidcB except by an examination of the unsaponifiable m.atter. Halibut-liver oil is remarkable for its high " blue value," which is, however, variable in different specimens of the oil. The solvent-extracted oil contains a high proportion of unsaponifiable matter.
Summary
(1) The composition of the unsaponifiable matter of a number of fish liver oUs has been examined especially from the point of view of the content of cholesterol and butyl alcohol.
(2) A quantitative method, based on the separation of the acid phthalic esters of cholesterol and the dihydric aliphatic alcohols by means of their solubilities in petroleum ether, has been applied to these oils.
(3) The iodine values of the unsaponifiable matter of the oils has been determined.
(4) The results show a variation in the composition of the unsaponifiable matter according to the zoological classification of the fish. The iodine value of the unsaponifiable matter combined with the acid phthalic ester value determined by the method described should prove useful in determining the type of fish from which an unknown oil has been obtained.
(5) The usual analytical values for these oils are given.
This work was carried out in the laboratories of Allen & Hanburys, Ltd.
Discussion
The Chairman said they were greatly indebted to Mr. Evers for his exposition of the subject. He noticed that it was somewhat difficult to distinguish between the various oils. There were quite a number of diffi- cult points, but he was sure there were several present who had studied the subject.
Mr. T. Edward Lescher asked wliy in Table II the iodine values of the liver ods should be so divergent, particularly these from the North Sea, all of which were extraordinarily low.
Mr. R. R. Bennett thought the paper bristled with
Table II [IV]
Oil
Cod (mean values) Coal-fish (Saithe). . Haddock . . Ling
Torsk (Brusmer)
Blue shark
Black shark Ground shark Dog-fish .. Skate
Hake
Halibut (solvent extra':ted) Halibut (steamed)
Species
|
Sp. gr. 15.5/15.5° |
Eef. ind. 40" |
Acid value |
Saponift- ca':iou value |
Iodine value |
'• Blue " value |
Unsaponi- fiable matter per cent.
I I Oils of Fish of Gadiihe fdiiiU;/
G. morrhna ' . . G. poUacMus . , G. aeglefinvs Molva vulgaris Brosmius brosme
Carcliarias glanciis
|
0.9262 |
1.4711 |
0.65 |
184.7 |
162.5 |
13.5 |
1.17 |
|
0.9241 |
1.4702 |
3.40 |
182.0 |
146.0 |
60.0 |
1.40 |
|
0.9295 |
1.4737 |
1.60 |
183.0 |
165.0 |
2.4 |
1.22 |
|
0.9236 |
1.4690 |
2.40 |
186.0 |
147.0 |
17.8 |
0.93 |
|
0.9244 |
1.4738 |
2.40 |
181.0 |
148.0 |
7.2 |
3.34 |
OUs of Elasmobranch fish
CarcJmrias littorali Acmthias vulgari Raia batis
s (?)
Other Fish-Lirer Oih
Mcrlaceiiis rulnaris Hippotilossus hippo- glossus
|
0.9120 |
1.4685 |
3.60 |
155.0 |
134.0 |
56.0 |
|
16.7 |
|||||
|
0.9169 |
1.4699 |
0.28 |
161.0 |
135.0 |
60.0 |
|
0.9194 |
1.4676 |
1.20 |
164.0 |
136.0 |
16.0 |
|
0.9149 |
1.4666 |
0.50 |
166.0 |
120.0 |
50.0 |
|
0.9273 |
1.4732 |
0.60 |
184.0 |
177.0 |
5.0 |
13.0 20.1 14.8 11.6 11.2 2.2
|
0.9251 |
1.4715 |
2.40 |
183.0 |
153.0 |
14.0 |
2.0 |
|
0.9229 |
1.4705 |
11.20 |
170.0 |
127.0 |
475.0 |
9.75 |
|
0.9235 |
1.4695 |
1,30 |
184.0 |
146.0 |
14.0 |
1.72 |
324
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
September 17, 1932
BRITISH PHARMACEUTICAL CONFERENCE ♦ I 932
interesting points. He was particularly interested in the " blue values," because in the new B.P. there was a standard for blue value of cod-liver oil. He asked Mr. Evers if any of the oils had been examined spectro- graphically as well as by the antimony method.
Dr. Hampshire congratulated Mr. Evers on his paper. He seemed to have reached the stage where it was possible to refer an oil to its class. A subcommittee of the pharmacopoeia had pointed out that the expres- sion " blue value " was an undesirable one. It seemed to him tha+ the substitution of other fish-liver oils for cod-liver oil required great consideration.
Mr. Powell called attention to the different values of oils used bv different workers.
Mr. G. R. BoYES asked for further information re- gardmg the great variety in blue value in the two samples of halibut-liver oil (solvent- and steam-ex- tracted). If the blue value related to the vitamin con- tent, then steaming had impaired the vitamin content of the oil. It had been established spectrographically, and by means of biological assay, that solvent-extracted samples of halibut-liver oil were higher than cod-liver oil, and the hgures shown were higher than those generally reported. He asked if there was any other data regarding the vitamin content of these two specimens of oil.
Mr. Walmsley asked if any work had been done on the body oils of these fish.
Mr. Evers, in reply, said he did not know why the iodine values of the oils varied so much. None of the oils had been examined spectrographically. Blue values would only be considered as very approximate figures. The body oils appeared to be very low in comparison with the liver oils.
The second paper to be taken was: —
The Colorimetric Assay of Ergot
By Noel L. Allport, A.I.C, and T. Tusting Cocking, F.I.C, Ph.C.
JAbstract]
The method for the standardisation of ergot and its preparations in the British Pharmacopoeia of 1932 is based upon a colorimetric determination of the alkaloids ergotoxine and ergotinine, the results being expressed in terms of " total alkaloids calculated as ergotoxine." There are two stages. The first concerns the extraction of the alkaloids, d^uring which they are finally removed from ethereal solution by successive shakings with (i per cent.) aqueous tartaric acid solution. This note relates to the second stage, consisting of the official colorimetric test, which differs in details from that originally pro- posed by M. I. Smith. The dissolved ether is removed from the united acid liquids by warming gently in a current of air), and colorimetric assay is made thereon after dilution with water to a suitable volume. The reagent used is made twenty-four hours before use, and must not be over seven days old. It contains 0.125 per cent, of /i-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in a 50 per cent, sulphuric acid (v/v). One mil of solution of alkaloids is mixed with two mils of reagent (which raises the temperature to 45°) and the colour is developed by exposing the mixture to bright light. When the blue- violet colour attains a maximum its intensity is com- pared with that v^btained by treating similarly one mil of a solution containing 0.012 per cent, of ergotoxine ethanesulphonate. It is stipulated that test coloration should not deviate more than 20 per cent, from that of standard. The ratio of blue and red colours to match the violet is constant, and it is convenient, as herein, to take only the blue into consideration for purposes of calculation.
The official reagent corresponds to Smith's reagent diluted with an equal volume of water, but the compo- sition of the reaction mixture is made the same by using half the amount of double-strength solution of alkaloids. Some rise in temperature is necessary to aid
colour formation, and the researches of the Ergot Sub- committee of the Pharmacopoeia Commission found that the rise to 45° C. with the half-strength reagent gave the best results. The original reagent causes destruction of alkaloid by overheating. Replacement of sulphuric acid by hydrochloric acid overcomes this objection, but colour development in inhibited to a greater extent by traces of peroxide in the ether used for alkaloidal extrac- tion. On a bright summer day the colour may develop in about ten minutes, but full colour development is difficult to ensure in winter. A mercury vapour lamp or carbon arc may be used, but ordinary artificial light is insufficient. Much time may be consumed in adjust- ing the concentration of solution of alkaloids to that requisite for final comparison.
The present research was undertaken to simplify the colorimetric assay of ergot by eliminating the need for exposure to light.
A mixture of phosphoric and sulphuric acids hastens colour development, but the improvement is not suffi- cient to justify the change from 50 per cent, sulphuric acid alone. Other aldehydes offer no advantage over /j-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in developing colour without exposure to bright light, most of them being less sensitive. Eventually it was found that under certain conditions traces of ferric chloride causes full colour development within one minute without exposure to light. The reagent finally adopted consists of a solu- tion of /)-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (0.125 per cent, w/v) in sulphuric acid (65 per cent, v/v) to which ferric chloride (0.005 P^r cent, w/v) is added. The quantity of ferric chloride exceeds slightly the minimum amount actually necessary, but unless sufficient is present the development of colour is uncertain. Smith's (concentrated sulphuric acid) reagent is much more sen- sitive to increasing concentration of ferric chloride than is the reagent made with 65 per cent, of acid. The inhibiting effect of peroxide on the new reagent is slightly more than with the official reagent, but much less so than with the reagent prepared with hydrochloric acid. The presence of four parts per million of peroxide (calculated as hydrogen peroxide) in the ether causes a decrease of about 5 per cent, in the colour value, whereas in the case of the hydrochloric acid reagent the decrease in colour value is about 30 per cent. The possibility of this sensitivity to peroxide being due to the chlorine ions led to trial of reagents containing ferric sulphate, but this offers no advantage over ferric chloride. The importance of using for the extraction of the alkaloids pure anaesthetic ether as specified in the Pharmacopoeia cannot be over-emphasised.
The proposed reagent has been compared with the official, reagent in testing a number of samples of ergot and its preparations. The results are entirely satisfac- tory, as shown in the following table: —
Eesuxts Obtaised by Independent Observers Using the Official and the Proposed Reagents
jSTature of isample
(1) Drug . .
(2) Drug ..
(3) Drug . .
(4) Drug . .
(5) Liquid extract
(B.P. 1914) ..
(6) Liquid extract
(old sample) . .
(7) Liquid extract
(8) Liquid percolate
(9) Liquid percolate (10) Strong extract
(paste)
Per cent, alkaloids calculated as ergotoxine
Using official reagent ■warming to 45°C. and exposing to light
0.214 0.147 0.180 0.194
0.008
0.019 0.054 0.155 0.020
0.484
Using proposed re- agent without warm- ing or exposing to light
0.216 0.146 0.183 0.194
0.008
0.020 0.056 0.162 0.020
0.488
Summary
The colorimetric determination- of the alkaloids of ergot using ^-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde has been critically examined.
September 17, 1932
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
325
BRfTTSH PHARMACEUTICAL CONFERENCE • 1932
It has been shown that many aromatic aldehydes yield similar colours with ergotoxine in the presence of mineral acid.
The necessity for warming the reaction mixture and exposing it to light in order to allow the colour to develop may be obviated by the addition of a trace of ferric chloride to the reagent, and the use of a slightly stronger acid.
By the use of the proposed reagent the colour develops within one minute and may thus be measured almost immediately. It possesses the additional advan- tages of being ready for use immediately it is made and that its activity remains unimpaired for about a month if kept in the dark. The investigation was made in the laboratories of The British Drug Houses, Ltd.
In the absence of the authors this was read by Mr. R. R. Bennett.
Discussion
The Chairman", in opening the discussion, said it was interesting to note 1bat although the new Pharmaco- poeia was not yet published, there were already critcisms of the tests. He wondered whether the ferric chloride did act as a catalyst, or whether there was some reaction involved.
Mr. EvERS said the position in regard to the colour test was curious, beuig alternately in favour and dis- carded. He regarded as valuable the authors' sug- gestions relating to ferric chloride.
Dr. Hampshire presumed the authors did not impugn the pharmacopceial method, rather they had attempted to shorten the procedure; but had they not introduced other sources of error, e.g., in peroxide in the ether and the temperature? The Pharmacopoeia Commission tried to produce a preparation which contained a de- finite amount of ergotoxine.
Mr. Powell referred to the variable nature of light in winter, aiid the tendency for the sample to go on developing blue colour, which vitiates the test.
Mr. Bennett, in thanking those who had taken part in the discussion, said he was sure the authors had no wish to impugn the B.P. method.
The next paper, read by Mr. Corfield, was on: —
The Determination of Colchicine in Colchicum Corm and Seeds and the Official Colchicum Preparations
By P. A. W. Self, B.Sc, F.I.C, Ph.C, and C. E. Corfield, B.Sc, F.I.C, Ph.C.
The increasing demand for standardised preparations of colchicum has led to the unstandardised official pre- parations of the B.P. 1914 being replaced by U.S. P. galencials. The necessity for including standardised preparations of colchicum corm and seed in the British Pharmacopoeia of 1932 provided an opportunity for a complete e.xamination of assay methods. This has led to the introduction of a more satisfactory process for assay.
The methods formerly used in colchicum assay are those of Farr and Wright, Davies and the U.S. P. X.
Farr and Wright's process is a very long one. It involves shaking out the alkaloid twice with chloroform, as well as three extractions with petroleum ether, precipitation with iodine and two filtratioiis. The alkaloid obtained is verv brown in colour and impure, being incompletely soluble in water.
Davies' method is a little shorter, but still involves two extractions with chloroform, a precipitation and three filtrations. It is doubtful whether extraction is com- plete, the volumes of chloroform prescribed being com- paratively small. The alkaloid obtained is evidenth- not pure, being brownish yellow in colour and not completely soluble in cold water, particularly in the case of the residue obtained in the assay of the seeds.
The Method of the U.S. P. X. is slow and tedious in application, although simpler than either of the two others in principle. The chief defects are: The filtra- tion of the lead subacetate solution is slow: it involves
the taking of two aliquot parts; and the difficulty of extracting the colchicine from 100 c.c. of an aqueous solution. The last is a serious objection, owing to the solubility of the alkaloid in water and the fact that 100 c.c. of solution represents only 5 grams of the drug. Moreover, obstinate emulsions are frequently formed. The use of dilute acid in the final e.xtrac'cion of tlie alkaloidal residue is unnecessary since pure colchicine is readily soluble in cold water alone. The extracted alkaloid is comparatively pure.
Preliminary experiments showed that precipitation by iodine is, under suitable conditions, as complete as pre- cipitation by phosphotungstic acid. An attempt to simplify Farr and Wright's process was unsatisfactory. It was found that the alkaloid extracted from solutions containing sodium hydroxide was much lighter in colour than that obtained from ammoniacal solutions.
Alcoholic extracts of colchicum seed or corm, when taken up in water, were purified much more thoroughly by washing with ether than with light petroleum. "I'he aqueous solutions after extraction with ether were still very cloudy, and it was impossible to obtain clear filtrates. By using a 20-per-cent. solution of sodium sulphate with a very small quantity of powdered talc, perfectly bright solutions were obtained on filtration. When this liquid was made alkaline with sodium hydroxide and extracted with chloroform, an alkaloid was obtained from the seeds which was completely soluble in water. In some experiments a little acid was added to the sodium sulphate solution, but no n.ore alkaloid was obtained, and it was slightly less pure.
The following methods are recommended for accurate assay of colchicum seed and corm: —
Colchicum Seed Take 20 gm.. in coarse powder, mix uilh 30 c.c. of alcohol (95 per cent.) ,and heat on a water bath for about fifteen minutes. Transfer to a continuous extractor and extract for three hours. Cool the extract, allow to stand for half an hour and filter, washing the filter with alcohol until free from ■alkaloid. Evaporate the filtrate to dryness on a water bath, w^ash the residue into a separator with 20 c.c. of 20-per-cent. solution of sodium sulphate and 50 c.c. of ether, well shake, allow to separate and run the lower layer into .a second separator containing 50 c.c. of ether, again well shake and separate. Wash the dish with a further 5 c.c. of the solution of sodium stdphate, transfer to the fir.-t separator, shake, separate, run into the second separator, shake and again separate. Repeat the washing of the dish and contents of the two separators in the same manner with a further three portions of 5 c.c. each of water. Unite all the aqueous liquids, heat on a water batJi until the ether is completely expelled, cool, add 0.2 gram of purified talc and make up to 50 c.c. with solution cf sodium sulpKate. Allow to stand for about an hour, fre- quently shaking, and filter, rejecting the first 5 c.c. of the filtrate. Take 40 c.c. of the filtrate (representing 16 grams of the seeds), shake with 40 c.c. of ether, separate and wash the ether with three successive portions of 5 c.c. each of water. Mix the aqueous liquids, add 50 c.c. of chloroform and shake and then add 2 c.c. of N l\ sodium hydroxide anrl again well shake. Run off the lower layer into a second separator containing 2 c.c. of iV/10 soda and 15 c.c. of water, shake, separate and filter the chloroform throuoh a double filter. Continue the extraction with further portions of chloroform, washing each portion with the alkaline liquid contained in the second separator and filtering, as before. Evaporate olf the chloroform, add 2 c.c. of alcohol, evapor- ate, add a further 2 c.c. of alcohol and again evaporate, dry at 100*^ C. and weigh the residue of colchicine. The weight of residue obtained multiplied by 6.25 gives the percentage of colchicine in the seecl.
Colchicum Corm Take 20 gm., in coarse powder, and proceed by tho method given for Colchicum Seed with the following addi- tion : To the weighed residue add about 10 c.c. of water, allow to stand for a short time and filter through a small filter. Wash the dish and filter with water until the alkaloid is completely removed. Dissolve any insoluble matter on. the filter in a little alcohol, return to the dish containing tho remainder of the insoluble matter, dr,y at 100° C. and weigh. Subtract the weight so obtained from the weight of total residue in order to obtain the weight of pure
326
THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST
September 17, 1932
BRITISH PHARMACEUTICAL CONFERENCE • 1 932
colchicine. The weight of pure colchicine obtained multi- plied by 6.25 gives the percentage of colchicine in the corm.
Three hours' continuous extraction with alcohol is sufficient for complete extraction of powdered colchicum. The results obtained are not less satisfactory than by percolating with 70-per-cent. alcohol in the cold as in Davies' method. Any slight emulsification durmg the first two washings with ether may be disregarded by transferring this to the next stage, together with the clear aqueous layer. In cold weather evaporation of ether may lower the temperature and cause some separa- tion of sodium sulphate. In this case a slightly warmed solution of the salt may be used. The final extraction with chloroform needs a considerable number of shakings owing to the high solubility of colchicine in water, but there is little or no tendency to emulsi- fication. When a high degree of accuracy is not required the assay of the corm may be carried out as in the case of the seed since the amount of insoluble matter is usually very small.
The results obtained by the various methods are summarised in the tables below:—
TABLE I.— COLCHICUM Seed
Process used
1 Process recommended
2 As (1) without talc, and ammonia In final washing instead of jV/1 sodium hydroxide
3 Farr and Wright's Process
4 MethodoftheU.S.P.X
5 Davies' Process (no alliali in final extrac- tion)
Davi es' Process (using ammonia in tinal ex- traction)
Kesult
0.478 per cent.
0.471
0.724
0.512 0.460
0.435
Properties of the residue obtained
Pale lemon yellow in
colour ; wholly soluble
in cold water. Pale lemon yellow in
colour ; 0.003 per cent.
insoluble in cold water.
Yellowish brown in colour ; incompletely soluble in cold water.
Lemon yellow coloirr.
Brownish yellow in col- our ; 0.038 per cent, insoluble in cold water.
Dark yellow in coloirr ; 0.03 per cent, in- soluble in cold water.
TABLE II. — Colchicum Corm
Process used
1 Process recommended
As ( 1) but percolating with 70 per cent, alco- hol
Farr and Wright's Process
U.S.P. X.
Davies' Process (no alkali in final extrac- tion)
Davies' Process (using ammonia in final ex- traction)
Result
0.245 per cent, (soluble alkaloid) 0.243 per cent, (soluble alkaloid) 0.368 per cent.
0.250 0.284
0.2S5
Properties of the residue obtained
Pale lemon yellow in colour ; 0.007 per cent, insoluble in cold water.
Pale lemon yellow in colour ; 0.012 per cent, insoluble in cold water.
Yellowish brown in col- our ; incompletely sol- uble in cold water.
Lemon yellow in colour.
Lemon yellow in coloiu- ; 0.013 per cent, in- soluble in cold water.
Lemon yellow in colour ; 0.09 per cent, insoluble in cold water.
Farr and Wright's process gives very high results, due to impure character of alkaloid. The method ot the U.S.P. X. gives results which are slightly high for both seed and corm Davies' assay process gives slightly low results for seed and slightly high results the corm. The alkaloid is not quite pure, especially in the case of the seeds. The re.«-ults vary during final extraction, being distinctly lower with ammonia than without alkali.
Preparations Of Colchicum The new Pharmacopceia includes three preparations of colchicum — Liquid Extract of Colchicum, Tincture of Colchicum and Dry Extract of Colchicum. The two former are made from the seed (the tincture by dilu- tion of the liquid extract) and the dry extract is made from the corm. Assays on liquid extract (20 c.c.) and tincture (200 c.c.) indicate that it is suflicient to evaporate ofif the alcohol. In the case of the dry extract (5 gm. being taken) it is desirable to extract with alcohol in a continuous extractor to remove matter insoluble in alcohol as much as possible. It is
necessary to correct for the insoluble matter in the residual alkaloid in the manner recommended in the assay for the corm.
A sample of Liquid Extract of Colchicum supplied by the Pharmacopoeia Commission gave 0.296 per cent, of colchicine, which was completely soluble in cold water. Dry Extract of Colchicum, supplied by the Pharma- copoeia Commission, gave 0.795 per cent, of soluble alkaloid and 0.086 per cent, of matter insoluble in water. A second sample showed 1.285 per cent, of soluble alkaloid and 0.060 per cent, of matter insoluble in cold water. In each case the alkaloidal residues were much darker than in other assays, and it appears that a certain amount of alkaloidal decomposition occurs during manufacture of this preparation.
Summary
The assay processes now in use for colchicum corm and colchicum seed and preparations of these two drugs have been reviewed.
The method of Farr and Wright for the assay of colchicine in the corm and seeds gives very high results and must now be regarded as practically useless.
The assay process described by Davies and the method of the United States Pharmacopoeia give much more accurate results but are complicated and trouble- some to carry out.
The new processes are described by which a purer alkaloidal residue is obtained. The use of phospho- tungstic acid and iodine are unnecessary for the puri- fication of colchicine, and in the process recommended the inert matter is removed by treating the colchicine solution with sodium sulphate and ether. • In the assay of the corm and the dry extract prepared from it, a small amount of impurity in the final residue is removed by dissolving out the colchicine with water.
These processes are much simpler in character, and give consistent and accurate results for the proportion of colchicine in the two crude drugs and the galenical preparations prepared from them.
Discussion
Mr. Deane, referring to the pharmacopceia! test, sug- gested leaving the extract of syrupy consistency.
Mr. CoRFiELD said it was true that workers sometimes had difficulty in determining what was meant by pub- lished words. In the seed test he thought the alcohol in the liquid should be removed by evaporation.
The next paper, which in the absence of the autl.or, was read by Mr. John Keall, was: —
Some Proposed New Formulas for the British Pharmaceutical Codex
By H. Treves Brown, B.Sc, Ph.C. [Abstract]
In connection with the revision of the British Pharma- ceutical Codex, the pharmacy subcommittee have sub- mitted recommendations to the Codex Revision Com- mittee for the inclusion of many new formulas and for important alterations in a number of formulas of the 1923 Codex.
Elixir Ephedrin.e Hydrochloridi Ephedrine hydrochloride . . . . 4.6 gm. Distilled water . . . . . . . . 83.3 mils
Glycerin 200.0 mils
Glycerin of saffron . . . . . . 50.0 mils
Spirit of chloroform . . . . . . 50.0 mils
Alcohol (90 per cent.) 125.0 mils
Tincture of lemon . . . . . . 50.0 mils
Syrup to 1000.0 mils
Glycerinum Bismuthi Carbonatis Two formulas are given for this preparation in the present Codex, one using bismuth nitrate, and the other the subnitrate. Glycerin of bismutlr carbonate is stated to contain about 50 per cent, w/v of bismuth oxycarbonate, and there is a further statement that " mixtures prepared therewith contain the bismuth in a better state of suspension than when ordinary bis- muth oxycarbonate is used." This statement also
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appeared in the 1907 Codex, and was doubtless true at that time; but the bismuth carbonate of to-day is a very different product from that obtainable twenty- five years ago. The Committee accepted the suggestion that glycerin of bismuth carbonate should be prepared directly from the official bismuth carbonate. The fol- lowing formula was accepted; it can be prepared in a few moments from materials readily availalale and is identical with an average sample made from the old formula : —
. . 500 gm. . . 500 mils to 1000 mils
Bismuth carbonate Distilled water . . Glycerin . .
Glycogelatinum Complaints have been made from time to time that the present B.P.C. basis for throat pastilles is too soft. Experiments on the optimum proportions of glycerin and distilled water to be used with 20 per cent, of gelatin resulted in 'the acceptance by the Comm.ittee of the following formula: —
Gelatin . .
Glycerin . .
Sucrose . .
Citric acid
Sodium benzoate
Oil of lemon
Solution of carmine
Triple orange-flower water
Distilled water . .
200 gm. 400 mils 50 gm. 20 gm. 2 gm. 1 mil
10.4 mils
62.5 mils to 1000 gm.
Soak the gelatin in one and a-half times its weiglit of distilled water until softened, add the glycerin and heat on a water batli until the gelatin is dissolved and the mixture weighs 850 gm. ; add the sucrose, citric acid and sodium benzoate previovisly dissolved in the triple orange-flower water, the oil of lemon, the solution of carmine and sufficient distilled water to produce the required weight. Strain throxigh muslin and allow to cool.
GuTT.^; Physostigmin^ Eserine eye drops are at present prepared with the sulphate. The salt official in the new Pharamcopceia is the salicylate, and the monograph on this salt in the 1923 Codex states that its solutions do not become pink so readily as solutions of the sulphate. It was thought desirable to confirm this statement, and also to try the effect of boric acid in preventing coloration, although it is usually stated that the development of colour is accompanied by little or no loss of myotic activity. One per cent, solutions of each salt, pre- pared with recently boiled and cooled water, were placed in completely filled bottles, and also in partly filled bottles which were loosely corked; samples of each of these were stored in the light and in the dark. In addition to the solutions prepared with distilled water only, solutions of each salt were made contain- ing also I per cent, and 3 per cent of boric acid, and samples of these were similarly stored. The general conclusions reached may be summarised as follows : —
(1) Boric acid has little or no effect on the sulphate solution, but the addition of 3 per cent, is a considerable improvement to the salicylate solution.
(2) In the dark, the sulphate alone is quite satisfac- tory, and equal to the salicylate with 3 per cent, of boric acid.
(3) In the light, the salicylate alone is slightly better than the sulphate alone, but the salicylate with 3 per cent, of boric acid is much better than the sulphate, whether alone or with boric acid.
(4) In all cases, the exclusion of air is advantageous. It will be seen from the above results that the salicylate with 3 per cent, of boric acid is never less satisfactory than the sulphate, and in the majority of storage con- ditions is superior.
The following formula was therefore accepted by the Committee: —
Physostigmine salicylate Boric acid Sterilised water
1 gm. 3 gm. 100 mils
The 1923 CodcK gives the solubility of physostigmine salicylate as i in 130; the new Pharmacopoeia says that
it is soluble in about 100 parts of water, and employs a I per cent. vv/v solution in two of the tests given in th^ monograph; the U.S. P. figure is i in 75, and Martindale gives I in 150. No difficulty was experienced in pre- paring a i-per-cent. solution for the above tests, using distilled water at laboratory temperature.
LiNiMENTUM Ammonia It is well known that the new Codex is including a number of preparations of the 1914 Pharmacopoeia which have been omitted from the 13. P. 1932. Among these is liniment of ammonia, the B.P. 1914 formula for which employs 25 per cent, of almond oil. This liniment is rarely required in prescription work. J. H. Franklin has recommended a liniment prepared with liquid paraffin, oleic acid ' and olive oil, and has found that this preparation does not thicken on standing for three months. A sample made to this formula, using olive oil liaving an acid value of 5.6 (and, therefore, just within the limit laid down by the new B.P. for olive oil for liniments), thickened very considerably, becoming barely pourable after standing for two months. It was decided to replace the two oils of the B.P. 1914 preparation with liquid paraffin and oleic acid, and the following formula was found to yield a satisfactory lini- ment, which did not thicken, and showed only a small degree of separation after prolonged standing: —
Dilute solution of ammonia . . . . 250 mils
Oleic acid . . . . .... 25 mils
Liquid paraffin . . . . . . 725 mils
Mix the oleic acid with the licjuid paraffin, add the dilute solution of ammonia and shake.
LiNIMENTUM CAI.AMINiE
The considerations dealt with in respect of liniment of ammonia apply equally to liniment of calamine; the thickening in this case occurs more rapidly than with liniment of ammonia. Further, if a pharmacist does not avail himself of the pharmacopoeial permission to use an olive oil of higher acid value for making liniments he will experience difficulty in making this preparation, for the amount of calcium oleate formed will not be sufficient to ensure stability. The final formula is: — Calamine . . . . , . . . 45.7 gm.
Zinc oxide .. .. .. .. 34.3 gm.
Oleic acid 5.0 mils
Wool fat 10.0 gm.
Liquid paraffin 485.0 mils
Solution of calcium hydroxide . . 500.0 mils Melt the wool fat in the liquid paraffin with the aid of gentle heat and add the oleic acid. Gradually add this mixture, with constant trituration, to the calamine and zinc oxide previously mixed with the solution of calcium hydroxide.
Liquor Calcis Sulphurate This solution is now of more value in horticultural practice than in pharmacy, but the formula of the B.P.C. 1923 was brought to the notice of the Committee because, on an order for the B.P.C. article, a solution containing 5 per cent, total sulphur was supplied. This was found to be stronger than had been obtained else- where, although inspection of the Codex formula would suggest that a 5 per cent, solution was intended. The following formula was accepted; in view of the fact that very much stronger solutions are available in commerce, it was deemed advisable to include in the monograph a standard of from 4 to 5 per cent, w/v of total sulphur, and also to give an assay process.
Calcivmi oxide .. .. .. .. 25 gm.
Sublimed sulphur . . . . . . 50 gm.
Distilled water to 1000 mils
Shake the calcium oxide with an equal quantity of distilled water, add the sulphur and 500 mils of distilled water, and boil in a flask until the sulpluu- is dissolved ; cool, filter, and pass sufficient distilled water through the filter to produce the required volume.
Liquor Quinin.e et Strychnin;e This solution is used in conjunction with solution of ferrous phosphate for the extemporaneous production of Easton's syrup. The formula in the present Codex is
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of such a strength that 90 minims represents the alka- loidal content of one fluid ounce of the B.P. 1914 syrup. This strength has proved inconvenient in practice, and wholesale houses usually supply solutions which are eight times the alkaloidal strength of the syrup. It is not possible to prepare a solution of this strength, using phosphoric acid as solvent, even when due allowance is made for the reduced quantity of strychnine in the new B.P. formula, and it was therefore suggested that the phosphoric acid should be replaced by another acid.
Various experiments in mixing and storage are men- tioned by the author. The new formula for liquor quininae et strychninse is as follows : —
Quinine sulphate Strychnine hydrochloride Hypophosphorous acid Glycerin . . Distilled water . .
. . 118.4 sni. 2.4 gm. 60.0 mils . . 620.0 mils to 1000.0 mils
Triturate the quinine sulphate and the strychnine hydro- chloride with a mixture of tlie glycerin and 225 mils of distilled water and the hypophosphorous acid and stir until the alka- loidal salts have dissolved. Then add sufficient distilled water to produce the reqviired volume.
The quantity of syrup in eight fluid ounces of the new B.P. Easton's syrup is 4 fl. oz. 230.4 mils, very nearly 4-J- fl. oz. Hence the following formula yields a syrup differing from the new official product only in the presence of 0.75 per cent, of hypophosphorous acid: —
Solution of quinine and strychnine.. 1 fl. oz. Solution of ferrous phosphate . . 1 fi. oz.
Glycerin . . . . . . . . . . ^ fl. oz.
Distilled water . . . . . . . . 1 fl. oz.
Syrup . . . . . . . . to 8 fl. oz.
The solution darkens on long exposure to air and light, but keeps very satisfactorily in the dark, and also in the light if in completely filled bottles. The syrup prepared from it also darkens on being stored in partly filled bottles exposed to the light; it does not, however, differ in this respect from the new official product, but, unlike the latter, no deposit has formed even on storing for three months.
Liquor Tolutanus
Dilution of this solution with seven times its volume of syrup forms a convenient method of preparing a syrup of tolu somewhat similar to the product made by the process of the Pharmacopoeia. The 1923 Codex states that the product of the formula given therein yields on dilution with syrup a preparation which is more aromatic than the B.P. syrup of tolu. Apart from this difference of flavour there is a considerable difference in the sugar contents of the two prepara- tions, as has been pointed out by Liverseege. The position has been further complicated by the inclusion in the B.P.C., 1923, of a syrup to which the pharma- copoeial Latin title was applied. It is proposed to delete syrupus tolutanus from the new 13. P. C, and the compilers of the new Pharmacopoeia have adopted syrup of tolu as the English title. The formula accepted is: —
Balsam of tolu . . . . . . 100 gm.
Alcohol (90 per cent.) .. .. 300 mils
Kaolin .. .. .. .. .. 100 gm.
Svicrose . . . . . . . . . . 500 gm.
Distilled water to 1000 mils
Dissolve the balsam of tolu in the alcohol, add the kaolin and 350 mils of distilled water heated to 70°, shake, allow to stand for twenty-four hours and filter ; dissolve the sucrose in the filtrate and pass it necessary sufficient distilled w-ater through the filter to produce the recjuired volume.
This result would seem to indicate that in the official process for syrup of tolu, according to which the tjalsam is extracted with boiling water, more than half the aromatic principles are wasted. The author thanks the Codex Revision Committee for permission to publish these formulas, and to express his appreciation of the suggestions and guidance received from members of the pharmacy subcommittee.
Discussion
The Chairman said there are many points which must arise in the minds of practising pharmacists as the result of this paper. He himself had doubts if the new formula for lin. ammon. would be quite as effective as if made with vegetable oil.
Mr. J. P. GiLMOUR, speaking in regard to glycerin, bismuthi, reminded members that twenty-five years ago the precipitation method gave a more diffusible prepara- tion than the carbonates then on the market. Prepara- tions made from the newer carbonates, however, gave as diffusible a product owing to their fine state of sub- division.
Mr. J. H. Franklin thought the formula for glycerin, bismuthi carb. would undoubtedly give a more satis- factory product than the older form, and inquired if it was necessary to use bismuth carbonate of a specific density. He noted that in glyco-gelatin preservative was used. We in this country had been slow in making use of preservatives — this he regarded as a defect in English pharmacy. In this formula he suggested the use of oil in place of orange-flower water. The formulas for lin. ammon. and lin. calaminse met with his approval, and he congratulated the author on the use of hypophosphorous acid in the liquor quin. et strych. He regarded the introduction of sucrose in the liquor tolutanus as ingenious, as it will ensure conformity with the B.P. article.
Mr. A. R. Melhuish said the paper would help to give a true idea of the work the author had done. Glycerin of saffron, he pointed out, has a fleeting colour. Glyco-gelatin was an improvement, but care must be taken not to make it too hard. The suggested lin. calaminse he regarded as an advance.
Mr. Rae suggested the use of tartrazine yellow, or something similar, in place of glycerin of saffron, and advocated the inclusion in the Codex of such harmless solutions for colouring purposes. He thought it would be better to use glucose as the preservative in the Easton's syrup formula.
Mr Jackson asked if it would not be better to specify " powdered gelatin " instead of just " gelatin." He regarded the lin. ammon. suggestions as intriguing; enthusiasm had lead the author away. If this formula became official, the preparation would become extinct. It was essential to use vegetable oil.
Mr. Bull said that while the suggested formulas were quite good they needed to be modified, and rounded off' in regard to the decimals. He, too, thought that some- thing better than saffron could be used for colouring. In the glycerin, bismuthi carb. water should be made the variable instead of the glycerin.
Mr. T. Edward Lescher commented on the difference between bismuth carbonate of twenty-five years ago and to-day; but, he said, it was possible to-day to have two samples equally light, yet the one less suspensible than the other.
Mr. Berry said that after trying glucose and hypo- phosphorous acid as preservatives for Easton's Syrup he had turned both down. Storing in a full bottle was the only way to preserve it. Glycerin was tried, but this also colours. Paraffin alters the character of lin. amnion., but no vegetable oil gives a satisfactory pre- paration.
Mr. De.we reminded members that in agriculture it was the polysulphide sulphur which was valuable, and if therapy was parallel this method was not satisfactory.
Mr. Brewis pointed out that glucose was one of the products in which sulphur dioxide is a permitted pre- servative.
Dr. Hampshire suggested that the author should have made experiments using amber bottles for the guttse physostigminae. Lin. calaminse is not a liniment in the ordinary sense of the term, and any changes in this preparation should be submitted to dermatologists. The liquor for Easton's syrup raised the question of the use of solutions of this kind by pharmacists, and he pointed but that the increasing importance of the Codex brought with it added responsibilities and the need for ethical
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considerations. The syrup of the new Pharmacopceia will keep better than that of the B.P. 1914.
Mr. Keall, in reply, characterised the discussion as a most valuable one.
The Chairman thanked Mr. Keall for reading the paper and asked him to convey the thanks of the meet- ing to the author.
Science Section Tuesday Afternoon
The first paper taken was : — •
The Assay of Santonin in Artemisia
By James Coutts, Ph.C. [Abstract]
Despite the fact that santonin may be isolated in a high state of purity its quantitative separation is a, matter of some difficulty. No completely satisfactory method of assay has as yet been formulated, and the numerous suggested methods yield results of varying accuracy. Of the three methods which have been sug- gested, gravimetric, polarimetric and volumetric, only the first has received any great deal of attention, and it alone has been developed to give results of any con~ sistency. These gravimetric methods generally attempt the separation of the santonin by a process of crystal- lisation in order to remove the resinous matter. A cor- rection for the santonin left in solution in the mother liquor is applied. Such methods are at best empirical, and are only suitable for the comparative sampling of drugs of similar nature and santonin content. They cannot be applied to a low santonin-content drug because of the magnitude of the correction. Similarly, owing to the different nature of the extractive and tlie larger amount present, the methods generally are often not applicable to the analysis of a drug consisting of entire herb or of leaves, alone, or admixed with flower- heads. The commercial production of santonin is already in operation, using the entire Indian herb as source. In view of these facts it was decided to review, all the available methods of assay and to find, if pos- . sible, a process generally applicable for the quantitative determination of santonin.
Criticism of the PRocxissES
Polarimetric. — Favrel's polarimetric assay yields results which approximate closely to those obtained by gravimetric methods. It would appear that some cor- rection should be made for santonin lost in shaking with 15-per-cent. sodium carbonate solution, as it has been shown that when using pure chemicals, a certain amount of santonin is extracted from the benzene solu- tion by this operation. The figures found for pure chemicals are not applicable for a crude extract, but it is assumed that there would be some loss to the sodium carbonate solution when it is shaken with a crude chloroformic extract. Dragendorif also gives a correction of 3 mgm. to be added for solubility of santonin in 8-per-cent. sodium carbonate solution when 10 c.c. is used to wash crystals. This cannot, however, be confirmed, as it was found that on washing the fairly clean crystals from an assay, with this solution, there was no appreciable diminution in the weight. Further- more, the essential oil present in the crude drug is still present in the final solution, and as it is also optically laevorotatory, the reading is increased. The oil pro- duces only a small rotation of polarised light, but it is nevertheless sufficient to effect the result quite noticeably in the case of drugs of low santonin content. There is also the possibility of other (optically active substances being present and affecting the result, while remaining undetected as interfering agents. Mouton gives examples of this, and shows that even when santonin was present in the drug, a deviation to the right was observed. No similar phenomenon has been
noticed by the present author. This polarimetric method is little used.
Volumetric. — The volumetric assay of Kariyone and Kimura is not satisfactory. The results obtained by using it are always high, evidently due to the saponi- fication of some other substance. Mouton and Favi'el have criticised this method, and their statements that erroneously high results are given by it are in accord- ance with the findings of the author. Favrel's state- ment that the method of the Japanese workers does not extract all the santonin present is, however, unfounded, as the extraction process is the same as that used in Katz' method, which he finds accurate, and which he himself uses in his polarimetric estimation. Katz' volu- metric method, probably on account of its length and mtricacy, is not much used. Although Katz gives figures for some estimations, which show a close relation- ship with those obtained by his gravimetric method, the usefulness and accuracy of the method do not appear to have been confirmed. The extra purification by taking up with 15-per-cent. alcohol is an advantage over the process of Kariyone and Kimura.
Gravimetric. — All the gravimetric methods mentioned give reasonably accurate results, although these are dependent to some extent on individual manipulation, and are very liable to variation with varying condi- tions. They also give results varying among them- selves by reason of the different substances present in the mother liquors from which the santonin is made to crystallise. Apart from the factors the biggest objec- tion is to the correction required to be made for the solubility of the santonin in the alcohol used in the final stage of all of them, except Palkin's. It is diffi- cult to imagine this long, complicated process as a prac- tical method of assay. This correction, usually taken as 6 mgm. per 10 gm. of solution, is necessarily an arbi- trary one, since the other substances in solution vary constantly and so influence the solvent action. The correction is usually regarded as small, but in a drug containing 2 per cent, of santonin it corresponds as a rule to about 30 per cent, of the amount of santonin actually recovered. Such a drug is considered good. In an inferior drug containing i per cent, of santonin the correction is very nearly, if not over, 100 per cent, of the recovered santonin, a fact which shows how unsatisfactory such a correction is. It also shows why the processes do not give good results or are even inapplicable in the case of drugs of low santonin con- tent. In the case of drugs somewhat low in santonin content, but for which the processes are applicable, the final weight of santonin is inconveniently small, which would not be the case but for the amount left in the alcohol.
New Gravimetric Method
The estimation is carried out by extracting 14 gm. of the dried, coarsely powdered drug, by shaking fre- quently during six hours with 140 mils of benzene, loi mils of the liquid is filtered off and shaken briskly for five minutes in a separating funnel with 35 rails of 8-per-cent. sodium carbonate solution. Separation is allowed to take place and 80.5 mils of the benzene solution, corresponding to 8 gm. of the drug, is decanted into a flask and evaporated to dryness on a water bath. The residue is extracted by heating for ten minutes with 60 mils of saturated barium hydroxide solution at 95° C, and the solution is immediately filtered into a flask, the flask and filter being washed with two portions, each of 10 mils, of saturated barium hydroxide solution at 95°, and the filtrates united. The flask is then plugged with cotton-wool and the solution is allowed to cool, made slightly acid by the addition of 5 mils of 25-per-cent. hydrochloric acid, and set aside for twenty-four hours to crystallise, being gently agitated occasionally. The crystals are collected in a tared Gooch crucible, any crystals remaining in the crystallising flask being washed into the crucible with small portions of the filtrate. The crucible and crj-stals- are finally washed with 10 mils of cold water and dried
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to constant weight at loo" C. After cooling in a desic- cator the weight of santonin is found and represents the weight cf santonin present in 8 gm. of the crude drug.
Benzene was chosen as the extracting agent because it extracts less inert and resinous matter than do the other common organic solvents. It is suggested, how- ever, that commercial crystallisable benzene, completely volatile belo^/ 95° C, be' used, as was done in the pre- sent work. Benzol of commerce cannot be completely removed from the extract at the temperature of the water bath, at ordinary pressure. It has been shown that 8-per-cent. sodium carbonate solution has no extractive action when shaken with a solution of santonin in benzene, although 15-per-cent. sodium car- bonate solution does extract some of the santonin. The latter solution has no advantage over the 8-per-cent. solution for the present purpose, as can be seen by repeating the shaking with 8-per-cent. solution and by shaking with 15-per-cent. solution after the first extraction with 8-per-cent. solution has been done. In both cases the second alkali layers are practically pure,