JOHNA.SEAVERNS Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from Boston Library Consortium IVIember Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/americanstallion02batt AMERICAN STALLION REGISTER INCLUDING ALL STALLIONS PKOMINF.NT IN THE BREEDING OF THE AMERICAN ROADSTER, TROITER AND PACl'-R, FROM THE EARLIEST RECORDS TO I903. AND THIS INCLUDES NEARLY ALL IMPORTED ENGLISH THOROUGHBREDS, AND THEIR MORE DISTINGUISHED GET, TOGETHER WITH MANY OF THE STALLIONS FROM WHICH THEY ARE DESCENDED; AND ALL SIRES OF 2 :^0 TROTTERS OR 2 125 PACERS TO 1903. ALSO THE RATING OF MORGAN BLOOD IN ALL OF THESE STALLIONS SO FAR AS KNOWN COMPILED FROM ORIGINAL SOURCES MANY PEDIGREES, HITHERTO INCORRECTLY RECORDED, CORRECTED (IN ALL CASES THE EVIDENCE UPON WHICH THIS IS DONE BEING GIVEN), AND MANY MORE PEDIGREES EXTENDED ILLUSTRATED BY JOSEPH BATTELL AUTHOR OF THE MORGAN HORSE AND REGISTER " I did for the horse what I would neither do for earl or baron, doffed my hat; yes! I doffed my hat to the wondrous horse, the fast trotter, the best in mother England." — George Borrozu in "Lavejtgro." VOLUME II. AMERICAN PUBLISHING COMPANY MIDDLEBURY, VT. I9II. Copyright, 191 1, by Joseph Battell. PREFACE THIS Volume of the American Stallion Register con^prises D, E, F, and G, together with a short Introduction followed by a History of the Early Importation of Horses, mainly thoroughbreds, into America. Succeed- ing this is a brief history of the New England States, with the more valuable families of horses bred in them, to be followed in Vol. HI., by a similar history of other States. We have given the tracing of several quite prominent horses, especially that of Ethan Allen, very completely in the body of this volume ; in part because of the interest that connects directly with the horse himself, and in part because of the introduction of other noted horses bred in the same locality and referred to in the various interviews. The same will be true of the more prominent stallions that appear in other volumes. We also give special prominence to the tracing of the dam of George Wilkes. We did the same in Vol. I., especially with American Star, Black Hawk, and Blue Bull. We shall give in Vol. III., a very complete history of Hambletonian, his dam by imported Bellfounder, and the stallions of Orange County, N. Y., at the time he was bre^. And we shall also give an unusually thorough history of the excellent Messenger horse, Bishop's Hamiltonian, and his sons the Judson, Andrus, and Harris' Hamiltonian, the last three born, and for the larger part of their lives, living in Vermont. This is followed by an equally thorough history of the celebrated stallion Henry Clay, from which the Clay family of trotters and roadsters are descended. Under Engineer, we give a very interesting account of the early life of Lady Suffolk, obtained by interviews with her breeder, Mr. L. W. Lawrence, and his wife, and the veteran horseman, Carl Burr, Sr., all residents of Long Island. It is quite possible that the noted pacer Hero, 2 :2oJ^ (1853), foaled in Vermont, and taken to New York in 1851, was got by a great- grandson of Engineer, grandsire of Lady Suffolk. See Hero, Vol. III. PREFACE In the Introduction of this volume will be found also quite a complete account of the Government Morgan Horse Farm at Weybridge, Vt., followed by brief notice of the famous early trotters, Fanny Jenks, Flora Temple, Mac, Tacony, Edwin Forrest, Ripton, Americus, Lady Sutton, and the fastest Vermont roadster Dariel or Lady Wonder, 2 :ooJ4^ ; together with some interesting information regarding the Casol breed of horses, Vermont Boy (French Charley), and Columbus. At the end of this volume will be found an index of Breeders and Owners of horses which appear in this book, succeeded by indexes of articles appearing in the Introduction of Vol. L, and also of this Volume, largely taken from the files of the earlier horse journals. In the histories of the different States, we have been assisted by Judge Wm. H. Bliss of Middlebury, Vt. The next volume, the material of which is entirely completed and the type setting about half done, will include the five letters, H, I, J, K, and L. EXPLANATORY. In stating pedigrees we generally set down whatever information we have, and stop ; not deeming it necessary to add explanatory words, such as "untraced," or "breeding unknown." We also generally follow back the line at least two generations, and if known, often more, or until we strike the name of some well known horse. In the case of the following noted horses, however, we frequently give the name only, and whenever the name is used alone it refers to the horse men- tioned in this table : American Star, means that son of Coburn's American Star, by Cock of the Rock, son of Sherman Morgan. Black Hawk, means that son of Sherman Morgan. Bulrush Morgan, " <( Justin Morgan. Daniel Lambert, " " Ethan Allen. Copperbottom, Electioneer, (( ee Justin Morgan. Hambletonian. Ethan Allen, " " Black Hawk. Fearnaught, General Knox, a (( Young Morrill. Vermont Hero. Golddust, George Wilkes, Gifford Morgan, " Green Mountain Morgan, Hambletonian, " (I Vermont Morgan. Hambletonian. Woodbury Morgan. Gifford Morgan. Abdallah. Henry Clay, by Young Bashaw, son of Magna Charta, means that Morrill, " " imported son of Andrew Jackson, Grand Bashaw. Morgan Eagle. Jennison Colt. Sherman Morgan, Woodbury Morgan, a a (I I Justin Morgan. Blue Bull, when used alone, means Wilson's Blue Bull. ILLUSTRATIONS Frontispiece, . . . . _ United States Morcjan Horse Farm, United States Morgan Horse Farim, Sunset Rock, The Kattskills, New York, Mt. Ethan Allen, Vermont, No. i. New England County Fair, ... Arabian Horses, . . _ _ _ DuROC, BY biported Diomed, American Eclipse, by Duroc, The Bowery, New York City, General Gates, --...- White Mountains, - - - - - Ellen's Mountain, near the Summit, Addison County, Vt., Scenes, . . _ Mountain Road, Vermont, - - - - Country Life, Near Bread Loaf Inn, • - Randolph, Vt., - - - - Old Oaken Bucket, Scituate, Mass., New England School Life, New England School Life, . _ _ Washington County, Vermont, _ . . Residence of Hon. Robbins Battell, Norfolk, Conn., 1'ennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C, Washington, D. C, from Department of Agriculture, Daniel Lambert, - - - Dictator, Acropolis, Athens, _ . . . Appian Way, Italy, ----- 1 X xi xxiv XXV xlii xliii Ixii Ixiii xc xci - cxviii cxix - cxlvi - cxlvii - clxxx - clxxxi ccx ccxi ccxxxii ccxxxiii - cclvi - cclvii - cccxi I 40 41 82 - 83 ILLUSTRATIONS Green Mountains, Vermont, . . . . Oranges, Florida, ..---. Draco, ...---- GiFFORD Morgan Jr. (Munson's), - - - ■ Electioneer, . . - - - California Scenes, - - . . . Montreal, P. Q., - Lake Champlain, ...--. Ethan Allen, ..---. Adirondacks and Lake Chajniplain, Grand Isle County, and Lake Champlain, No. i. Grand Isle County, and Lake Champlain, No. 2, Draco, by Young Morrill and Tornado, by Fearnaught, WiNOOSKi River, Vermont, - - - - Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Florida, Havana, Cuba, ----- Capitol, Ottawa, Canada, . . _ Winter Scenes, Canada, - - - - Vermont, ------ Gambetta Wilkes, - - - - - Lord Clinton, 2 :o8^, - General Gates, - - . - GENER.A.L Knox, . - - - - Vermont Scenery, - . - . Winter, Addison County, Vt., . - - George Wilkes, - - - - - Green Mountain Morgan, - - - - GiFFORD Morgan, - . - - - Ericsson, ------ Pelican Island, Florida, . - - - GoDOLPHiN Arabian, . - - - GiMCRACK, ------ OiTER River, Vermont, . _ - - Mount Ethan Allen, Vermont, No. 2, - 120 121 160 161 198 199 238 239 282 283 324 325 364 365 400 401 438 439 456 457 474 475 500 501 542 543 572 573 600 601 640 641 694 695 INTRODUCTION. GOVERNMENT MORGAN HORSE FARM. Editor of the The Horseman and Spirit of the Times : Dear Sir : — Your letter of Nov. 12th received making inquires in regard to the Morgan Horse interests of Vermont, and especially information concern- ing the Government Morgan Horse Farm, and the progress made at that farm during the past year. As I understand there was a very fine show of Morgan horses this year at the Vermont State Fair, mcluding some 250 from Vermont and other States, quite a number especially good ones from Pennsylvania. I did not myself get time to attend this Fair, but recently had the pleasure of driving to the Government Stock Farm at Weybridge in company with a Forestry representative of the Government. I had not visited the farm for something more than a year, and was most agreeably surprised in finding that much progress had been made during the present season in perfecting its general appearance and efficiency. As we believe is reasonably well understood throughout the country, the Government came into possession of this farm, by gift, in the fall of 1906. The farm itself consists of about 500 acres, divided into meadow, pasture, and woodland in about equal proportions. The forest upon it is not only remarkably picturesque but also valuable, much of it being a hundred years old. The farm is also very handsomely situated on both sides of the old turnpike leading from Middlebury to Vergennes, with the Otter River bound- ing it on the east, from which it rises gradually at the west to a hill that commands one of the finest views in the State, including Middlebury with its college buildings and other public edifices, distant about two miles, also the Green Mountain Range to the east, and glimpses of the Adirondacks toward the west. This farm formerly consisted of four farms, including three of the older farm houses of Vermont, two of one story and a half, and one of two stories. These have been thoroughly repaired, together with the barns connected with them ; the whole farm newly fenced with the best woven wire and cedar xii INTRODUCTION posts ; and the grounds connecting with the house occupied by the Super- intendent, handsomely graded, including very fine circular macadamized driveways. There has also been constructed a complete system of water works, including an artesian well 488 feet deep, having a flow of fifty gallons per minute. Pipes have been laid to the different houses and barns as well as the pastures. The water is forced to the different points by an automatic pump, driven by electric power. There are also hydrants for fire protection. The various watering troughs and tubs are all made of grouting, and every- thing done in the most thorough manner. After dinner we visited the stables where the stallions are kept and saw General Gates, whose picture I forward you. This is a fine horse and he impresses most strikingly his characteristics upon his stock, including both form and action. Gen. Gates is full brother to Lord Clinton, trotting race record in 1894, 2 :o8^. At the time Lord Chnton's record was 2 :io^, I was in Kentucky and was told that he could be bought for ^3,000. He was then owned by a lumber dealer in Memphis, Tenn. Thinking I might buy him I went to Memphis ; the horse was at the time in training, and after examining him and being much pleased with him, I called upon his owner, whom I found at his office, and introducing myself said : " I have understood you wished to sell Lord Clinton at three thousand dollars, and I have called to say, if so, I will take him." He took from his pocket several letters, and handing me one said read that, and added, if it was not for that letter you would get the horse, which I took on a debt, for I do not want any race horse ; but I think now I will get more for him. The letter was from Budd Doble stating that he had a party who wished to buy Lord Clinton and asking price. Seeing that the horse would probably be sold I made inquiries about his sire and learned that he together with dam of Lord Clinton was owned at Little Rock, Ark. I immediately took the train for that point, saw the horses and bought them. The mare was quite old but the stallion looked exceed- ingly well, being well shaped, of good' size, and in good condition. They were shipped at once to Vermont, where the mare was bred to Denning Allen and the next year foaled Gen. Gates, a very promising colt when he came, in all respects, and especially so in his trotting action ; but he has never been given any chance whatever to show what he could do in that line. In the next few years I exhibited Denning Allen at quite a number of fairs, including the World's Fair at Chicago, one of the principal New York City Fairs with large competition, and a Provincial Fair in Canada, besides several County Fairs ; in all of which he was awarded first premium. He also received the very high compliment of being one of the eight horses selected by Max Lansberg, the noted sculptor, sent out by the German Government to take models of such American horses at the World's. Fair as he thought desirable for use in the Agricultural Schools of Germany. GOVERNMENT MORGAN HORSE FARM xiii Denning Allen was fully 15)^ hands with good weight, bred in Kentucky, got by Honest Allen, son of Ethan Allen : dam also bred in Kentucky and got by Ward's Flying Cloud (dam by Hackett Horse, son of Gifford Mor- gan), son of Black Hawk, by Sherman Morgan. Gen. Gates we consider phenomenally well bred. Sire Denning Allen : dam Fanny Scott, bred by E. \< . Hughes, Todd, Ky. ; got by Revenue Jr., son of Revenue, by Imported Trustee ; these last two horses being especially noted among thoroughbreds. Revenue Jr., we understand from those who knew him in Kentucky, where he was taken from Virginia, was a horse of great beauty and substance. His dam was by Imported Glencoe. Revenue Jr. is recorded in Bruce's Thoroughbred Stud Book. The second dam of Gen. Gates was said to have been by a Copper- bottom horse. And this introduces an episode in pedigree hunting, that was not only extremely entertaining in its surroundings, but also yielded information of very valuable character that couldn't possibly be got to-day, and had never been before. We refer to our investigation into the early horse history of the Province of Quebec. At this time we will only mention the information which we got of the original Copperbottom. The first knowledge which we had of this horse came from Kentucky, where he was taken from Canada in 1816. This we obtained from two advertisements in the Lexington (Ky.) Gazette, of June loth, 1816, and April 4th, 1832. The first is : " COPPERBOTTOM. " The celebrated fast pacing Canadian stallion Copperbottom will stan-l the following season at the farm of Capt. Jowitt, about two miles from Lex- ington, on the Georgetown road. He is a full blooded Canadian pacer, imported by Capt. Jowitt ; is a beautiful copper sorrel, rising seven years old, and for bone, sinew, and performance, is equal to any horse in the United States. William Allex. May 8th, 1816." The second is an advertisement of Fenwick's Copperbottom, by Brutus, son of Jowitt's Copperbottom. In which it is stated that Jowitt's Copper- bottom was from Bolton, Canada. With this information to point the way we made two trips to Bolton, Can., which complemented by several letters from different parties that we had been referred to, enabled us to secure the whole history of Copperbottom. He was bred by David Blunt, then of Danville, Vt., foaled 1809 ; got by the original Justin Morgan horse, which was kept at the residence of David Goss, St. Johnsbury, Vt., close to the Danville Hne, 1805-6 and 1 808-9-10. In 1811 Mr. Blunt moved to Bolton, Can., where for many years he kept a tavern. By correspondence and from members of Mr. Blunt's family, seen at Bolton, I learned that Mr. Blunt, when he went to Bolton from Danville, took a stallion and brood mare with him, afterwards selling the xiv INTRODUCTION stallion to parties who took him first to Montreal, and thence to a southern State. One of the witnesses whom I saw remembered the stallion when owned by Mr, Blunt, saying that he was a chestnut of fair size and a very- fine horse. Others told me that he was the best stallion that had ever been kept in that locality. Afterwards Mr. Blunt in 1823 bought the Hawkins Horse, another son of the original Morgan horse. This Hawkins Horse was foaled in 1806 or '07, the property of Mr. Melvin of St. Johnsbury, Vt. When three years old Mr. Melvin sold him to Olney Hawkins, a neighbor. He sold to his brother Stephen, who took the horse to Stanstead, Can. Mr. Olney Hawkins advertised this horse in 181 7 in the Danville (Vt.) North Star. He was advertised in 1820 in the same paper to be kept at Stanstead and in 1823 was advertised in the Stanstead Journal, to be kept at Stanstead, where probably Mr. Blunt bought him. About 1828 he was purchased by David and Alonzo Wood of Shefford, P. Q., Can. Mr. Wallace says, of Jowitt's Copperbottom : " He was the original of his name, being perhaps the first horse of his type taken to the Blue Grass region. He left a race of very valuable descend- ants going all gaits." And again in his magazine he says : " We have been trying for years to find out something about Copper- bottom, old Pacing Pilot, or Blackburn's Davy Crockett, coming from Canada, as well as many others, but we have never succeeded in getting the slightest clue to the importations of any of them. "There is another fact connected with the appearance of these pacers, whether Canadian or not, that has a very significant meaning. There is a strong family resemblance among them and the further you get away from out- side or modifying crosses, the stronger that resemblance appears" To return to the Weybridge Farm ; there was also at the same barn the bay colt Red Oak, by Gen. Gates from an inbred Morgan mare by White River Morgan, a stallion owned by L. D. Ely, Rochester, N. Y., who has been breeding excellent Morgan stock for a number of years. Second and third dams of Red Oak were by a grandson and son of Black Hawk. Red Oak is a fine three-year-old colt of good size and very handsomely turned. He took the first premium at the Addison County Fair when a yearling, with twenty competitors. I am told by those who have seen him exercised on the Middlebury track that he shows fine trotting action. I have myself a four-year-old gelding by Gen. Gates, dam by Motion, son of Daniel Lambert, that we believe here to be a world-beater, and I am searching now for one of the best trainers to give him a chance to prove this another season. Our horsemen think he is able to lower the race record of Lord Clinton, 2 :o8^. There was also at these barns a very handsome yearling stallion by Gen. Gates : dam bred in Kentucky, got by Harrison Chief ; second dam by Cabell's Lexington. GOVERN.}fKNT MORGAN JIORSE FARM xv Harrison Chief was by Clark Chief, son of Mambrino Chief, and his dam by Joe Downing, son of Edwin Forrest, by One-eyed Kentucky Hunter. The dam of Clark Chief was by Downing's Iby Messenger, son of Harpinus, by Bishop's Hamiltonian ; second dam Mrs. Caudle (dam. of Ericsson [Mor- gan Chief], 2:305^), a Morgan mare sent 1830 by William J. Porter, then editor of The Spirit of the Times, to Henry Mangin, of Savannah, Ga., after whose death she was sold to I. C. Plant, of Macon, Ga. Mrs. Caudle trotted several races at Augusta Ga., in 1846, an account of which appeared in The Spirit of the Times. Of Edwin Forrest, Hart Boswell, Lexington, Ky., breeder of Nancy Hanks, 2 104, in an interview, said : " Edwin Forrest was a great horse, but had no opportunities. He was the right horse to breed to, for a show horse. He was a splendid looking horse, with a great deal of style. Bay, 151^ to 16 hands and could trot in three minutes. Stout enough. A model horse. One of the finest horses to look at ever brought to this country." Cabell's Lexington was by Gist's Black Hawk (dam said to be by Copperbottom), son of Blood's Black Hawk, an exceedingly stylish son of the renowned Black Hawk, by Sherman Morgan. The following letter which we received from a noted Kentucky breeder, and which may be found in Vol. I., of the American Stallion Register, shows the favor with which he was regarded in Kentucky : Tulv 20, 1886. Joseph Battell, Esq., •' ' Dear Sir : — Your inquiry for history and description of Blood's Black Hawk after he came to Kentucky, addressed to B. F. & A. Van Meter, is just received ; and here I would say that Mr. A. Van Meter removed to Texas eight or ten years since. Blood's Black Hawk was obtained in the North (I think in Orange County, Vt.), by Mr. Blood of Lexington, Ky., and brought to that city and owned and stood by him in the city for several years. The horse was finally purchased by Maj. H. T. Dunkin, of Fayette County, Ky., who removed him two or three miles from the city and kept him till the horse died. I will try to make the description of the horse plain but short.. He was a very rich brown color, two white ankles and a stripe in his face, scant 15 hands high, when standing quiet and out of harness, but when hitched up and driven, appeared full 16 hands high and was the finest show horse that I ever saw a line pulled on. Belle Sheridan was his exact color and was as fine a mare as he was a horse. They both received premiums at the fairs of Kentucky, until they could show no more. Yours respectfully, p^_ p_ ^.^^ ^^^^^^^ The dam of the noted speed sire Hamlin's Almont Jr. was by Blood's Black Hawk. There are besides these stallions, at the Government Farm, 21 brood mares, and quite a number of young stock. Twelve of these mares xvi INTRODUCTION were purchased in Vermont, and are descendants of Ethan Allen, the first stallion to trot under 2 130 j two were purchased in Kentucky, and are by- Harrison Chief, son of Clark Chief, by Marabrino Chief. The dam of one, by Cabell's Lexington, has already been mentioned. The dam of the other was by Coleman's Eureka, son of Young's Morgan, a grandson of Butler's Eureka, by Green Mountain Morgan. This Butler's Eureka was purchased of Lorenzo Pratt of Woodstock, Vt., in the fall of 1854, by Dr. Russ Butler of Woodford County, Ky., who took the horse to his hoine, in Kentucky, and kept him there for several years. This horse has -often been erroneously credited to Long Island Black Hawk. Our information of the purchase of the horse, and his pedigree, is from the wife of Dr. Russ Butler, who copied it for us from her deceased husband's diary ; and also from Allen W. Thompson, still living at Woodstock, W., who remembers that the horse was sold to Dr. Butler and taken to Kentucky. The other seven brood mares are very good size and well appearing mares, brought from the West this summer and bred to Gen. Gates. They were bred by the Government at the Experiment farm of the State Agri- cultural College, Fort Collins, Col., and are by Carmon, son of Carnagie, by Robert McGregor, son of Major Edsall, by Alexander's x\bdallah, son of Hambletonian. In the pedigree of Carmon are several excellent Morgan strains. First the dam of Robert ISIcGregor was by Seeley's American Star, an inbred great-grandson of Sherman Morgan by the original Morgan horse. A second strain is from Pilot Jr., that got the dam of Carnagie ; a third from Vermont Boy, supposed to be by a son of Billy Root by Sherman Morgan ; a fourth from Trojan (sire of the dam of Carmon), by Jackson's Flying Cloud, son of Black Hawk; and a fifth from Seth Warner (sire of second dam of Carmon), by Ethan Allen, son of Black Hawk. There is also a very strong probability that the dam of Major Edsall was a Morgan mare. She was one of a pair of mares taken from Vermont to New York City, and most pro- nouncedly, as we were told by one of her owTiers, resembled the Morgans. This experiment, by the Government, of breeding these mares by Carmon to General Gates we think will be satisfactory. Always when we bred him to a mare of good size he has produced a well appearing and very serviceable animal. In addition to the horses, the Government have purchased in Canada a fine flock of southdown sheep. These are kept on the farm formerly known as the " Cotton Farm," with a fine meadow for hay, and a very good pasture near by. The old Cotton house is very pleasantly situated upon a road which bounds the farm on the west, and is about half a mile west of and parallel to the highway on which the various horse barns and Superintendent's house are situated. Two barns are connected with the Cotton place, a small horse barn, and a quite commodius sheep barn 100 feet in length by 30 in width. All these buildings, and indeed all buildings on the different farms, are now in thorough repair, and handsomely painted. The third farm, known as the " Willard Farm," adjoins those already described on the north. Here is quite GOVERNMENT MORGAN HORSE EARM xvii a good sized old fashion two story farm house, with conifortal)le barn adjoin- ing. This house standing upon ground rising from the highway, gives an extensive view of the Green Mountains, which extend through the State north and south, and at this point are about six miles east. The Willard house is used as a boarding house for the help. It is about a quarter of a mile north of the superintendent's house upon the same highway. Directly north of this farm is a cross-road leading from the Middlebury and Vergennes turnpike to Weybridge Monument, where is located a Congregational Church, and a monument erected to the memory of Silas \Vright, who in his early life lived in this town.* Secretary Wilson, although we do not think he has yet visited the farm, has guided the management of it with excellent results. Mr. Geo. M. Rommel and Mr. Bell of the Bureau of Animal Industry at Washington, under secretary Wilson, and Mr. Cassius M. Peck of the State Agricultural College, Burlington, Vt., have been active in purchasing the stock, and over- seeing the repairs. Mr. W. ^. Hammond, a grandson of Edwin Hammond of Middlebury, Vt., formerly the most successful breeder of Merino sheep in the world, from the start has been the Superintendent, and to his efficient management of men is largely due the present excellent condition of the grounds and build- ings. There is still a little more to do to make them perfect, but not very much, and can be easily accomplished another year. We should have mentioned perhaps before, that on the grounds near the Superintendent's house, is a neat flag-staff from which we have frequently noticed, — for it can be seen from Middlebury village, — a very handsome United States flag. This is a welcome to visitors, especially American citizens, all of whom can truthfully feel that they have an equal interest in the farm. Visitors to the farm should stop at Middlebury, where are excellent hotel and livery accommodations. It is, too, in itself, a town worth visiting, with its very flourishing college and beautiful surrounding country. Very truly yours, Joseph Battell. — Erom the Christmas number of The Horseman and Spirit of the Times, Chicago, igiO. * Silas Wright was born at Amherst, Mass, 1795; removed with his parents to Wey- bridge, Vt.; fitted for college in Addison County Grammar School; graduated at Middle- bury College, l8i5;.was member of the New York State Senate, 1823-27; Member of Congress, 1S27-29; Comptroller of State of New York, 1829-32; Member of United States Senate, 1832-44; Governor of New York, 1845-47; died at Canton, X. Y., Aug. 27, 1847. INTR OD UCTION PEDIGREE MANUFACTURING AS ILLUSTRATED BY THE ENGINEERS. IN Vol. I, page 125, American Trotting Register, appears: "Engineer, gr. h., foaled 18 — ; got by imported Messenger, 1562; dam unknown, but believed to have been well bred. For a number of years this horse was represented to have been imported into Canada by a British ofificer, and to have found his way, by surreptitious means into the State of New York, about 1814. His advertisements of that period conveyed this impression. Thomas Jackson and George Tappen owned the horse, and in after years the latter, who was an unusually candid man for one of his busi- ness and pursuits, gave David W. Jones of Cold Harbor, L. I., the true history of the horse. His former owner, in order to save him from the attachment of a creditor, ran him off from Pennsylvania, w^here he was bred, and sold him to Jackson and Tappan, at a very low price for so fine an animal ; subsequent investigation clearly established the fact that he was got by Messenger, probably in 1802, the year he stood at Cooper's Ferry. He was sixteen hands and an inch high, and of most perfect proportions. He stood two or three years about Jericho, and was taken to Suffolk Count)-." Underneath this, same volume and page, is : "Engineer 2d, gr. h., foaled about 1820; got by Engineer, son of Messenger, 1562 : dam a bay mare that ran well, by Plato, son of Mes- senger, 1562; grandam by Rainbow, son of imported Wildair, 2752; bred by Alexander Lewis, afterwards owned by Smith Burr, Suffolk County, L. I.; stood some seasons across the sound in Connecticut." We add pedigree of Lady Suffolk, page 203, same volume, as being the probable end for which these pedigrees were manufactured : " Lady Suffolk, gr. m., foaled 1S33 ; got by Engineer 2d : dam bred by John Floyd, Long Island, got by Don Quixote, son of imported JSIessenger, 1562; grandam by Rainbow, son of imported Wildair, 2752; bred by Leonard W. Lawrence, Smithstown, L. I. ; sold at weaning time to Charles Little for ^60.00 from whom Richard F. Blydenburgh bought her and sold her at four years old to David Bryan for $112.50, whose property she remained until she died, 1855. This pedigree may be taken as conclusive. For her wonderful performances see calendar." Same volume, page 116, is : "Don Quixote, br. h., foaled 180-, got by imported Messenger, 1562 : dam not known. Owned by Mr. Kissam, -L. L" We now look to Vol. IL to see what alterations Mr. Wallace makes in his "conclusive"' pedigree, and are surprised to find that it still remams intact. But in Vol. HI, page 172, we find : PEDIGREE MANUEACTURING xix "Don Quixote, br. h., foaled iSi-, got by Potomac, son of imported Messenger: dam by imported Messenger. The late David \V. Jones of L. I. was present wlien this daughter was bred to Potomac. (Corrected from Vol. I.)" It would occur to an ordinary compiler of pedigrees that if Mr. David W. Jones saw this mare bred to Potomac, and knew that she was a daughter of Messenger, he ought also to have known by whom she was owned when the transaction occurred ; and if he knew that Don Quixote was the result of that union, he must also have known the year when it took place. Looking for Potomac in Vol. I. we find : "Potomac (Young), b. h., foaled 1817; got by Duroc, 791: dam by Potomac, 1916, son of Messenger, 1562; grandam by Bashaw, 180. Stood at Fishkill, Dutchess County, N. Y., 1823." In Mr. Wallace's American Stud Book, page 306, occurs : "191 6, Potomac (Van Rantz's), b.h., foaled 1796; got by imported Mes- senger, 1562: dam by imported Figure, 903; grandam by Bashaw, 180. Bred by Samuel Young of New York." Whether a pedigree giving name of breeder with no available address is any better than one giving no name at all, would seem to be an open ques- tion. This is the only pedigree of this horse, Potomac, given in any of Mr. Wallace's registers. In Vol. v., Trotting Register, page 330, Mr. Wallace has : "Engineer (Burdick's), ch. h., foaled about 1819, got by Engineer, son of imported Messenger : dam not traced. Bred on Long Island and pur- chased there by Henry Nevvland when three years old and taken to Still- water, N. Y. ; passed through several hands to Nathan Burdick of Warrens- burg, N. Y., who kept him many years. He then gave him to his brother and he died at a great age in the neighborhood of Sandy Hill or Fort Miller, Washington County, N. Y." In Vol. IX., page 376, of his Monthly, Mr. Wallace informs us that " it appears to be known by everybody about Warrensburg that the Isaiah Wilcox mare, that was traded off in 1839 to Nathaniel Clift and then to L. B. Adams, the breeder of Princess, was got by Nathan Burdick's Engineer ; and thus another direct and short hne to the fountain head is added to the inheritance of Happy Medium and his progeny." Further on we quote the valuable lessons which are drawn from these alleged facts. Possibly no better illustration could be given than this of the manner in which Mr. Wallace is accustomed to build up and bring into common accept- ance a wholly conjectural pedigree. This method is an invention of his own, but is as simple when understood as was Columbus' feat of making the egg stand on end. As he has no "copyright" on it, perhaps it will be law- ful to explain briefly how it works. Its foundation is a formula like this : All horses that trot have Messenger blood. This horse trots ; therefore, this horse has Messenger blood. But as the country was known to be broad and trotters were seen to be springing up in all quarters, it became neces- sary to have an unlimited supply of Messenger stallions, and as the genuine XX INTRODUCTION ones were few, the next best way appeared to be to seize upon any stallion that happened to be well spoken of and lacked a pedigree, and supply him with the desired Messenger strains, making him either a son or a grandson usually, and then attribute all the trotters that sprung up within a day's journey of his locality, either directly or indirectly, to him. The plan has worked so charmingly that a large majority of all turf performers are sup- plied with the requisite Messenger strains to entitle them to trot, and thus, the theory provided the facts, and the facts in turn supported the theory. Let us apply these principles to the case under consideration, which is a representative case, and see if it has not proceeded strictly in accordance with the formula. We first call attention to the fact that, although some of these pedigrees are ancient, the compiling of them is a very modern work, the American Stud Book having been published in 1S67, and the first volume of the Trotting Register in 1S71. The whole vast field of horse breeding in America was unexplored and there were no records by which the honest explorer could be guided or the dishonest refuted. It was a noble field for an honest, careful and unpartisan worker, but furnished every facility for fraud by the dishonest and error by the careless or prejudiced operator. In this field appeared John H. Wallace. We will judge of the value of this line of pedigrees by Mr. Wallace's own oft-reiterated standard, viz. : A pedigree is of no value unless the breeder is given. This rule is obviously sound, and indispensable, as it is clearly impossible for any man to know that an animal is by a given sire and not to know by whom such animal was bred. It will afford a test practically sure when the service books of the horse are accessible, whereby the state- ment of the alleged breeder can be proven or disproven. But it is as neces- sary for the public to know the address of the breeder as his name ; other- wise it is the statement of the editor of the register only on which reliance must be placed. "Bred by Gen. W. T. Withers, Lexington, Ky.," is a vastly different statement from "bred by John Smith, N. Y." Therefore, when we say the breeder is given, we mean that he is so given that any intelligent man can find where he was at the time of such breeding. Beginning, then, with the pedigree of Lady Suffolk, which was compiled throughout after she had passed to an honorable grave, the most famous trotter of her day, we find that her breeder is given, and are thus reasonably assured that she was got by the horse called Engineer 2d. The name of the alleged breeder of her dam is given — "John Floyd, L. I.", but to find his abode you must search the length and breadth of Long Island. It may, therefore, be said that her dam was possibly, but not certainly, got by a horse called Don Quixote. The breeder of her second dam is not given, and the statement that she was got by Rainbow goes for nothing. Admitting for sake of the argument, that the dam was by Don Quixote, we now have three-fourths of the blood of this famous mare accounted for; she was half Engineer 2d, and one-fourth Don Quixote j and if we can learn PEDIGREE MANUFACTURING xxi the blood of these horses we shall have the benefit of knowing where to go to get similar blood ; otherwise we shall know nothing about it, unless we can find other descendants of these same sires. Applying the test to Don Quixote, he is found nowhere ; he has "vanished in the viewless air." All that is alleged to be known of him is that he was "owned by Mr. Kissam, L. I." It is asserted that he was "by imp. Messenger," and also that he was "by Potomac, son of imp. Messenger," and it seems that a man, dead before this last statement was published, was present at the breeding. If Wallace is to be believed, this same Jones was commonly sent for as a witness when any mare of Messenger blood was to be bred to any near relation of her's, and he always attended ; but in this case, as Mr. Jones in his lifetime forgot to name the breeder or given place, time or circum- stance, or how he knew it was a daughter of Messenger or anything else whereby his alleged statement could be proved or disproved, it goes for nothing and Don Quixote must stand, as he is, unknown. The great apostle of Messengerism himself would be the first to scout such nonsense and lash the utterer of it, if it came from any other person and concerned a horse of any other blood. We now come to Engineer 2d, sire of Lady Suffolk, and again apply the test. The name, not the residence, of his breeder is given ; and we will therefore say that he was probably, but not certainly got by a horse called Engineer. Breeder of dam not given, and we will, therefore under the rule, lay aside the "Plato, son of Messenger" pedigree that has been gractiously donated to this "bay mare that ran well," and under the rule stated her blood is also unknown. Nothing is left now but the original Engineer, and the only pedigree given to him is the inevitable " got by imp. ]\Iessenger." Again we apply the test, and, as his breeder is wanting, his alleged pedigree also seems about to disappear — but hold, says the pedigree manufacturer ; there are circum- stances which account for his breeder's not being known, and they are suffi- cient to establish that he was a son of Messenger. It is fair to give these circumstances a candid examination ; possibly they might be such as to afford a reasonable presumption that his sire was the horse designated. Allowing, then, that in those rare cases wherein the breeder is unavoid- ably lost sight of, other evidence must be resorted to, to afford a reasonable "said to be" to the horse's breeding; what evidence is most pertinent and satisfactory? Experience and reason alike tell us that contemporaneous advertisements of the horse by his owners, if they then claimed to have any knowledge of his pedigree and history, would afford the best evidence ; con- temporaneous declarations of his owners, fairly made and carefully proven the next ; and next to these, probably, the build, quality and characteristics of the horse might assist in forming some uncertain conjecture as to his blood. Among the things that would not be considered evidence should clearly be classed, in case of a fine animal, the declarations of those not con- nected with the horse, but interested in a given family, to the effect that xxii INTRODUCTION such excellent animal belonged to their special family. Assuming that these propositions are reasonable, and are generally accepted, we will apply them to Engineer. We have not seen any advertisement of Engineer, but Mr. Wallace has. Was it of a character to show that the horse was a son of Messenger? Let us see what we can glean from what Mr. Wallace is graciously pleased to say it contains, for he deals out evidence in such kind and quantity as he thinks will not hurt his weaker constituents. In Volume I. of the Register he says : "For a number of years this horse was represented to have been imported into Canada by a British ofificer, and to have found his way by surreptitious means into the State of New York, about 1S14. His advertise- ment of that period conveyed this impression." This volume was published in 1S71. In the May number of his Monthly, 1876, Mr. Wallace, in an editorial, gives us another nibble of these advertisements, saying : "The advertisement contains the following very unsatisfactory paragraph relating to his pedigree, viz. : 'The manner he came into this country is such that I cannot give an account of his pedigree, but his courage and activity show the purity of his blood which is better than the empty sound of a long pedigree.' It is here intimated that the horse was imported, and the story which Jackson (one of his owners) told was 'that he was brought from England to Canada by a British officer and by some surreptitious means found his way from Canada to Long Island.' " And in an editorial in the Monthly for June, 1883, Mr. Wallace in an unguarded moment of honesty says : "When we struck the advertisement of this horse for the year 1816 in the Long Island Star, and there found him represented as an imported horse, we were taken all aback." This is all that he tells us about the advertisements. It was not, then, either from the breeder or from advertisements of the horse or the contem- poraneous declarations of his owners that Mr. Wallace learned that he was a son of Messenger. The breeder was unknown ; the owner said he was imported; and the advertisements so flatly contradicted the Messenger theory as to take the mortal mouth-piece of the dead Messenger "all aback." It would seem that he could not longer honestly hold to the Messenger theory, even though he should find that in build, character and quality Engineer was the exact counterpart of the old horse. But it appears that the two horses were as essentially unlike as two light gray horses of similar size could well be. Probably before John H. Wallace, Messenger had no more ardent worshiper than this same David W. Jones, of blessed memory ; a description of the horse by Mr. Jones might therefore be expected to be complimentary, and doubtless is so ; but he never ventures to give him any touch of elegance. In a description of him recorded on page 29, Vol. I., American Trotting Register, Mr. Jones says he had a large bony head, rather short neck, with windpipe and nostrils nearly twice as large as ordinary, low withers, shoulders somewhat upright, hocks and knees unusually large. We PEDIGREE MANUEACTURING xxiii submit that no great fineness, beauty or elegance went with that description. If we can judge of his appearance by the varying degrees of hideousness which mark his descendants through Mambrino at the present day, he surely was not a handsome horse. On the other hand. Engineer is described in the first volume of the Register as a gray horse "sixteen hands and an inch high, and of the most perfect proportions." Again in Vol. I. of the Monthly, page 743, Mr. Wallace says he was "very elegant in his form, style and proportions," and that " his fine appearance was so captivating that he was a dangerous com- petitor" and the same David W. Jones says his buyers were "impressed with his fine appearance." Considering Messenger's own plainness, it surely could not have been argued with a grave face that he must from similarity of form and character- istics have been the sire of this other animal so distinguished for fineness, elegance and beauty. It was not then from any such similarity that Mr. Wallace selected Messenger as the sire of Engineer, And now, the ordinary ways of proving, or even guessing, out a pedigree having all failed, or tended to prove the contrary, probably no man in the United States except John H. Wallace would have shown such a degree of infatuation, not to say of idiocy, as to claim that such was the pedigree. Yet he does so, and practically without qualification, and shields himself behind the veriest "cock and bull " story out of the mouth of a man whom he himself first proves a liar and would-be taker of stolen goods, coming not direct to him, but stored up for half a century in the versatile and prolific brain of this same Jones before it is given to the public. The value of space forbids our copying this precious piece of lunacy in full. It may be found in Volume I., Wallace's Monthly, page 43, and consists of an extract of a letter dated February 28, 1870. It is to the effect that Thomas Jackson and George Tappan, owners and keepers of stallions in Long Island and in Orange and Dutchess Counties, purchased Engineer of a stranger who "rep- resented him as having been imported from England into Canada and ridden in the army by Gen. Brock, who in an engagement with our troops was shot and killed. The horse escaping into our lines, was secured by our soldiers and brought to the State of New York." Mr. Jones afterwards occasionally rendered Mr. Tappen a favor by preparing his horse bills. On one of these occasions Mr. Tappen made a statement to Mr. Jones, of which the latter says : " Some of the details have escaped me, but the essential facts are dis- tinctly recollected. The owner, with Engineer in his possession, was met at some public place, and the purchase was soon completed," and this state- ment then made " that he had become involved in debt, and that his credit- ors had begun a prosecution, with a view to levy on the horse, the only property he possessed, and he was determined not to lose it all." This was certainly enough to arouse their suspicion in regard to his history. He declared the horse was bred and raised in Pennsylvania, and that he was got by imported Messenger. Whether any further pedigree was given is not xxiv INTRODUCTION recollected. He was at this time, 1814, a horse considerably advanced in years and perfectly white. Mr. Tappen also told me that they had after- wards traced the horse, and was entirely satisfied of the former owner's veracity. This was a great compliment to the former owner and one that he could not conscientiously have retunted; for the above statements, if correctly reported, establish but one fact, and that is that Mr. Tappen was a liar. It will be borne in mind, however, that this Jones, who, after so long a silence, finally lets this remarkable story escape him, long after the witnesses are all dead, was an enthusiastic admirer of Messenger and always largely interested in his stock. Yet it is upon this unaided story that Mr. Wallace (honest, they say, but prejudiced) makes, in the American Trotting Register, the unqualified statement that " subsequent investigation clearly established the fact that he was got by Messenger," and thus completed the rascally work of manufacturing this pedigree. —Judge IV. H. Bliss in Middlebury ( Vf.) Register, Dec. 18, 188 j. FANNY JENKS. THE GREAT LONG-DISTANCE TROTTER. WE were very fortunate in securing from Dr. Norman D. Ross, of Mid- dlebury, Vt., an intelligent horseman, the following facts regarding the birth and early life of Fanny Jenks. Dr. Ross, said : "Fanny Jenks was bred by a Mr. Hatch, a farmer, who sold to Mr. Jenks of Exchange Hotel, West Troy. " Hatch bred three colts from same mare. I drove Fanny Jenks often when Jenks owned her ; bay, 900 pounds, two little white lines on feet. A beauty, mane and tail wavy, square as a brick. She had two colts at White- water, Wis., where she died. I drove out to see her. Gen. Dunham made a bet, won $20,000. He took her to Wisconsin. " She was Morgan all over ; INlorgan mane and tail. A perfect picture of old Gifford, except he was chestnut and she bay. I lived at Cohoes and kept drug store. I think she was bred a httle north of Saratoga. Jenks said he bought her of Jerry Hatch, a farmer, who raised her. Owned her two years or more before she made a race." Chester has: "Fanny Jenks, b. m. (3:053-5), George Ferguson, Centreville, L. I., Nov. 14, 1844, Troy, 30:56. Ten miles. Gen. Dunham, Albany, N. Y., May 5, 1845, 9 :42 :57. To beat 10 hours; one hundred and one miles." It has been frequently suggested that Fanny Jenks was by Gifford Morgan. If so, she was doubtless bred the year that he was owned and kept near Fort Ann, N. Y., which was about 1836, and agrees with above dates. See Gifford Morgan in this volume. Sunset Rock. Kattskill M.^untains. Mount Ethan Allen, Washington and Chittenden Counties, Vermont, from the East, Nt CASOL HORSES INTERVIEW WITH GEN. J. T. WILDER, U. S. A. BRIG. GEN. G. T. WILDER, born in New Hampshire, now of Tennessee, and whom we met at Washington, D. C, said : "I left my home in New Hampshire when a l)oy and went to New York State, in the vicinity of the Catskills, where I remained some years. Horse dealers of Kingston, N. Y,, and farmers, about 1843-5, used to go to Montreal and buy horses. Most all pacers, go like the wind, splendid travelers. Generally brown, some black and bay; very heavy manes and tails. A horse of splendid courage ; some of them stallions great big necks. Good looking horses, substantial sturdy stock, heavy bodied for height, strong limbed and wonderful courage. A generous stock of horses in war. I had some 3000 in my command ; served in the country and excellent forcavalrj', short backed, big in belly, strong boned, very high withers, narrow between fore legs, admirable saddle horses, running or walk. Narrow between legs, don't jolt you like a cat. The most enduring horses I ever saw for their size, save mustangs. "I remember seeing Morgans in Ohio in 1S45-52. They were very fine trotters ; three-quarter Morgans. That Morgan stock were all generous horses, very energetic. I don't remember the French in Ohio or Indiana. One man went to Montreal and brought in 50 of them; buy low; sold for $100. Brought into Montreal in the fall. They looked quite a good deal like the Morgans; only have one idea in their head at once." KERSAUL, KASAUL, OR CASOL HORSES. QUITE a number of times in tracing pedigrees in southern Vermont, the name Kersaul, Kasaul, or Casol was introduced, which seemed to refer to horses of more or less pronounced cream color, with black list down back. From the first we were interested, but this interest was much enhanced when we learned that this blood entered into the pedigree of Flora Temple, one of the most enduring of all trotters, and the first to trot under 2 :2o; and possibly may also connect with the Blue Bulls. In letter Dr. Warren B. Sargent, Pawlet, Vt., born 1803, a gentleman from whom we got much information of early Vermont horses, said : " Sixty years or more since, I used to hear a stud horse talked about called Old Consol, or Consul. He was said to be a horse of uncommon energy and bottom. I think he was owned east of here, but by whom I do not know. I think he was an imported horse. If I ever saw him his color was cream." The following letter from Dorson Eastman, another gentlemen from whom we got much valuable information of the horses in south-western Ver- mont, dated East Rupert, Vt., Aug. 21, 1889, throws more light upon this breed of horses. Joseph Battell, Esq., Dear Sir: — Yours of June 27th came duly to hand. About fort)' years xxvi INTRODUCTION ago I saw a cream-colored stallion at a Washington County Fair held at Salem, N. Y. He was a magnificent looking animal while standing, but when he moved faster than a walk I lost interest in him. He was of massive build, as I viewed him then. I judged him to weigh 1300 pounds. He was free from marks, except his mane and tail, which were brown. He was said, by those apparently best acquainted with him, to be of the Casol breed, and an excellent stock getter but my own opinion is that he was of Hanoverian descent. About thirty-seven or thirty-eight years ago Mr. Philetus Hulett brought to Pawlet a beautiful cream-colored mare. I think he bought her in Weston, Vt. I often used to see her on the road in harness, and every time I saw her my admiration increased ; which led me to inquire after her pedigree, for I thought there was a fortune in her. I contemplated buying her to breed from, and consulted the late James Biggart and Ephraim Jones, neighbors of said Hulett. When I asked of what breed she was, they answered Casol. Further interrogations convinced me, — though they were positive in their opinions, — that their knowledge of the iDreed was hearsay, borrowed from others equally as ignorant as themselves. The mare proved by her breeding all that I anticipated. There was another horse in Rupert, the very counterpart of the one aforesaid, except a size smaller. She was celebrated as a breeder of fine stock and was owned by Jonathan Ransom, at the time the Judson Hamiltonian was born. The exact year I cannot call to mind. It is my opinion that these horses had a common origin at some remote period of the past. They were of the same shade of color from their noses to their hoofs, except manes and tails being brown. Counting the Hulett mare for the first generation, we count three more generations of them, bearing the same color as the first. Those that own them speak very highly of them. I am acquainted with two geldings of the third generation. They retain the color of their grandmother, but lack her finish. They rank No. i in the ''all powerful class." They are perfect farm horses — no great style in them when on the road, yet they are high-spirited, with great ambition. There is a fine mare in this district that was bred in Weston, as I understand — a fair sample of the Hulett mare. I think she is of the same strain of blood. I think her a beauty. I wish you could see her. Wishing you much success, I remain, Yours truly, Dorson Eastman. Daniel Kelly of Wheaton, 111., formerly of Rutland County, Vt., writes : "The third dam of Vermont Chief, by Black Hawk, was bred by Barton Brown, Danby, Vt., foaled 181 6, got by Kersaul." D. C. Linsley, author of " Morgan Horses," gives this third dam as by imported Yellow Bird. From a grandson of Barton Brown, living on the old farm in Danby, we learned that the origin of the cream-colored stock in that section, was a cream-colored horse owned by a peddler who stopped over night with his grandfather about 181 5. This stallion was turned into a pasture over night, and got with a fine young mare of Mr. Brown's, part English, and begot a cream-colored filly from which this stock has sprung. The young man showed us in his stable a handsome cream-colored mare of this stock, which has ever CASOL IlORSJiS xxvii since been kept in the family. The peddler is thought to have come from Connecticut. His horse was the original Kersaul Horse, and old gentlemen in Danby and vicinity, including Dr. Sargent, thought the name came from that of the peddler. Dr. Sargent said the stock resembled the Morgans. E. Kelley, Clarendon, Vt., born about 1802, said : *' Barton Brown of Pawlet raised his cream-colored mare from a Casol horse that came along, and from this mare quite a race of horses sprung. They were good horses and good size. Cole had one of the mares from Brown's old mare; his colts were all cream colored. Father bought the last colt of the Brown mare, which she had when very old. I came from Danby when twelve and this colt was five years old when we moved. It was sixty- eight years when father bought the colt, and Brown's mare was from twenty to twenty-five years when this colt was foaled. Father said the Casol or Kasaul horse was a large, square, chunked kind of a cream-colored horse. I think they called him imported. Brown came from Connecticut, and I think a man acquainted with him stopped with him a year or two and had this horse." Amos Brown, Pawlet, Vt., in interview, 1890, said : " My grandfather owned a fine gray mare. A peddler stopped over night with him, having a stallion which was turned into the lot ; got with the mare and she had a cream-colored filly. The peddler stayed but one night. Father remembered the peddler and his horse and has often told me about it. My father and uncle kept these cream-colored horses." Silas Hulett, Rutland County, Vt., born 1S07, said (1890) : "The Brown horses were ambitious kind of horses ; tough little fellows ; generally little smallish arm ; 900 to 1000 pounds ; they did not generally have a black list on back. There were a good many Morgans here fifty or sixty years ago." Joshua Hulett, born 18 14, said : "The Barton Brown horses were cream, not very large." Mr. Bromley of Pawlet said : "Mr. Train, a relative of the Browns, told me that the sire of the Brown mare came from Rhode Island or Connecticut." . Dr. W. B. Sargent, Pawlet, further said : "The peddler's horse that got the Brown mare was a little smart French horse, small, similar to the Morgan. On an average these Brown horses were not large. I got this information of stud from Barton Brown. The peddler came from Connecticut." Dr. Albert Barrows of Newark, O., formerly of Dorset, Vt., in interview Oct. 12, 18S9, said : "I owned old Gray Eagle bred in Kentucky, and his sire Red Eagle. Gray Eagle died mine. Daniel the Prophet I raised. He was by Red Eagle : dam Napoleon, a horse raised in Albany, of Maine blood. I own now a son of Woodford Mambrino, from a daughter of Red Eagle. xxviii INTRODUCTION "Leonard Hodges, Wallingford, Vt., brought at first a pair of Green Mountain stallions, to Newark. Later he brought another by Vermont Morgan, to Newark; later he brought three more Morgans to State of Ohio, and another to Perry County. "The next man, by name of Pease, brought in a son of Black Hawk to Utica, Licking County, a black horse, fine manner and was called Pease's Black Hawk Morgan. " Then a man named Bailey brought a Black Hawk Morgan, and took him to Granville, O., a big horse fine manner. Pease's Black Hawk got the dam of George A., 2 :2i^, "A Casol horse, when I was at school at Granville 64 or 65 years ago (1824) was kept at Pawlet, Vt. Was a cream colored stallion, very attractive. I think, was called Casol, after a man who owned him. My father raised some 30 colts from Judson's Hamiltonian ; I tried to have him breed to the Casol horse but he did not. " I went to Ohio in 1846, and there were quite a number of Morgan stallions about Dorset, Vt., before I left there. The Morgans were the speediest horses we had ; but we bred more to the Hamiltonians on account of size. " Old Gurney was dark brown, regular Canadian pony, never saw him pace. Gurney bought wood for Geo. Smith, and Smith let him have care of a pair of Canadian ponies ; both stallions that he drove from Cleveland. He called them Canadian. He used every spring to bring down some Cana- dian ponies. "Think Gurney about 13 hands, stout built, heavy mane and tail, weight about 800 or 900. He was bred to Bertrand, Sir Charles and Eclipse mares in that region, which accounts in a great measure for his getting speed. I never saw him pace. Got one pacer kept entire until four years old — got a few colts ; one of which beat 2 :30. Dam of the sire was by a son of Ameri- can Eclipse. Gurney left no sons to my knowledge that were kept older than four years. " Smith is dead and Gurney is dead. I saw^ him the day that Smith brought him in. Think he bought in Canada or some one for him. He brought in two pairs of this same stamp of stud colts. Gurney owned the horse till he died. He used to drive him buying wool. "I think the first Morgan I ever saw was Gifford Morgan ; he was driven at Arlington as early as 1830. Think Smith got Gurney across the lake. "William Pierce bought one pair of these ponies. " I knew James Wilson of Rushville well. He was all at sea about the origin of Blue Bull. I suggested to him that I knew a horse of that color and description, was bid off at auction at Cherry Valley, Newark Township, O., by Abraham Flary, at N. B. Hogg's auction, then of Newark, — a two year old colt that spring. It was right date for the Wilson's Blue Bull, so he and I both made. "This colt was a very dark brown pacer. Flary had this same Geo. Smith take him to Cincinnati at five years old, and he said he sold him to a man from Kentucky. " This colt was got by a son of Cheshire Morgan that was owned by Hogg. "Cheshire Morgan was bought by Hogg near Walpole, N. H. Think he was a son of Gifford. Wilson believed this to be the same colt." Whilst we were at Warrensburgh, N. Y. tracing the dam of Happy Medium, Mr. Hammond, a prominent citizen, suddenly remarked : CASOL HORSES xxix " The prettiest horse, the prettiest colored horse, dark cream with dark spots all over, I think the neatest horse all over I ever saw, white mane and tail, called Morgan Tiger, was from Rutland way, kept at Oranville, N. \. about 1850. Father bred two mares to him ; a thick set Morgan shajjcd horse, about 15-2 or 15-3 hands, 1050 pounds." For Morgan Tiger, see American Morgan Register, Vol. II., page 241. John Moore, Fleetwood Park, N. Y., born 1823, said : " Kersaul was a chestnut or dun that stood west of Chenango Falls, a good many of them had a list on the back. They were all good trotters and road horses. We had two Highlanders, nearly a mouse color with list, straight hips. A. Cook, a lawyer in New York, owned die in 1841. Kersaul was a well-bred horse. I think English. "Yellow Bird was in Sherburne, Chenango County ; had black list : a good business horse. He was a dun color, with strip on his back. I cannot tell where he went. They were good horses, but a little ugly. We had a pair of them and they were matched close, but rather too high strung to suit me." Dr. McCarthy, a very intelligent horseman, born in New York State about 1826, moving to Wisconsin 1S36, and to Tennessee 1876, and whom we met in Tennessee, said : "Copperbottom used to be the stock horse of the country as far as pacers were concerned. Came here early. Went to Wisconsin 1836. "A breed of horses called Indian pony breed sprang from French horses introduced during the French war at time the French came in at Green Bay, Wis." "Dominix that went to California, was owned by Carson Newman, Fon du Lac, Wis. I handled him. He bought him of parties at Green Bay; of the Six-Penny breed, 15 hands, dapple gray, full mane and tail. Wonderful horse ; fully developed in quarters^ very strong at all points, show- ing great substance. A grand piece of machinery; pacer, about 1852. "The Six-Penny, when I went there, were crossed up from stallions brought in during the French war, and bred to Indian ponies. Many of this breed could pace faster than any horse could run. "The French horse is not a pacer. There were in the family a distinct race of pacers, every one of them. The horses they crossed to Indian ponies were not pacers. Color generally chestnut or red roan (the Six Penny). Indian ponies from 13-2 to 14 hands; 700 to 800 pounds. All small ; some of beautiful form ; have seen some perfect horses. " I have seen the Mustang horses twice in California. They are larger, will average 14 to 14^ hands, occasionally one 15 hands. I am 65. "The Messenger stock recognized good in New York. Another breed of horses called Magnum Bonum, and the Consol breed of horses, a class of horses that had a black list running down their back. They were considered of the very best family of horses when I was a boy, and I have often heard my father speak of them. I think it was spelled Consall. ]\lost of them a clay bank, I saw plenty of them.. Owned in West Martinsburgh. Consall stallion, I think, owned by some one of the Curtis fam.ily; 15-3 hands ; very blocky horse, that was the character of the whole family whenever you saw them ; with black list, good style, not a coarse horse, all good shape, well cut in throat latch, with nice ear set well, fine eyes well set, showmg a good deal of breeding. I think the original Consall was an imported horse. XXX INTR OD UCTION He indicated too much breeding for the family of Morgans. If from Ver- mont they must have been Morgans. Many Morgans show uniformly flashy, powerful built horses, very large arm, not like the Magnum Bonums; they more rangy and coarser bone. " Magnum Bonum not like Messenger ; coarser boned than Messenger; Messenger all style; Magnum Bonum not so much; never seen any horses out style, some of the present blood of Messenger horses. Recollect Gen. Ruggles' Messenger. Never saw horse with more style; gray; i6 hands; full iioo pounds; big enough for a stallion. "Ruggles lived in West Martinsburgh, Lewis County, N. Y. I think he shipped that horse to Fon du Lac, Wis. ; took: him to Wisconsin as late as 1850." Another gentleman present said: "In 1857 I lived near Fon du Lac, Wis., and Black Hawks were all the rage there." The Doctor, continuing, said: "The Ruggles Horse was the first Mes- senger horse taken to Wisconsin at this point. ISIy father owned a Mes- senger stallion, steel gray, perfect picture. A few Alorgan horses had come into New York before I left, 1836. "The Messenger horse in New York not coarse; as fine as Hamble- tonian horses of today, with more thoroughbred. They showed life, sparkle and spirit when lead out, seemed to know they were handsome. "Consall horse's eye stuck out just as a thoroughbred, always full over the eye. Could stand behind him and shoot his eye out, a feature of the thoroughbred. Another horse was brought to Wisconsin from Canada. A very remarkable horse, a stallion, pacer, from Three Rivers. ]\Iy brother and self owned him at one time ; called Jack ; very blocky, red roan in the type of Morgans. Up headed, very stylish ; a horse of the greatest of endurance; about 15^4 hands; strong 1050 pounds; a most powerful horse to pull ; very rapid pacer. "Sol. Pier brought the horse and a mare, not a French mare, but Canadian, I think ; brought in about 1847-8. We owned him about 1854. Mr. Pier had him. He kept him several seasons. We gave him to Fisher (Andrew) in 1 85 5. I was married in 185-; brought in before; left good stock, part pacers. He was about eight or ten years old when he was brought in from Three Rivers, where he paced a race. "The Black Hawk Morgan was the first horse that could trot in three minutes in Wisconsin. " Dandy Jack, got by Black Hawk Tiger, son of Sherman Black Hawk, died 1876", then 25 years old. Bred in Stanstead, Canada West, by Bigelow : dam a Morrill, bay, 15}^ hands, looked larger. Bought of Miller, Colerain, Mass.; brought to Hawkins County, Tenn., 1869. I paid $1000 for him. Stock distributed here quite a good deal; best son, chestnut, taken to Atlanta, Ga. Used as a driver by Mr. Price. Foaled 1871. Went to Atlanta 1878. " I am satisfied the Six-Penny horse was introduced into Wisconsin about 1765. Too much finish, I think, for common running blood ; a great deal of breeding in them ; Kentucky pacer slimmer and taller, not so blocky. The Six-Penny red roan or chestnut, some gray, some bay, not a single black. The Melendy horse was owned in Tennessee when I came in 1876, a Morgan. [We suppose this to have been Morgan Bulrush, got by Bulrush Morgan, son of the original Morgan horse ; bred by Jack Melendy, Benning- ton County, Vt.] King, a Frenchman, brought a trotter to Fon du Lac from Montreal, light bay, white marks. I left Wisconsin in 1855. Thor- CASOL HORSES xxxi oughbred stock in Tennessee when I came here seventeen years ago, except the Melendy horse, i6 hands, iioo pounds. "The Copperbottoms were (piite compact horses, remarkable for their staying quahties. A blocky horse, 151^ hands, rather fine; shoulders and neck of the finest. Morgans naturally up-headed, prompt. Copperbottom more straight neck. Tom Hal like Copperbottom, blocky ; Hal Pointer an exception, a big styled horse. Hobkirk's Sir Henry had a mean disposition. The Copperbottoms are remarkably prepotent." When visiting central New York in spring of 1889, especially to look up the pedigree of Flora Temple and that of Pilot, we learned that a son of Geo. W. W. Loomis of Sangerfield, who owned the sire of Flora Temple at the time she was bred, was living at Higginsville, N. Y., some 60 miles dis- tant, and visited him. Mr. Loomis said : " One-eyed Kentucky Hunter was bred by Geo. W. W. Loomis, Sanger- field, N. Y. j and got by old Kentucky Hunter called the Sherrill Horse, of New Hartford, N. Y., dam also bred by my father, sire, I think, a Messenger horse owned west of Hamilton village. The Casol breed of horses were here, her dam [2d dam of Kentucky Hunter] that breed. I think they came from Vermont ; brought here 60 years ago. Rodney Ackley, Hamilton, would know [Mr. Loomis at first thought the dam Casol, but changed it as above]. " Bogus was got by Old Lame Bogus, what we used to call the Ellis Bogus Horse ; bred by Geo. W. W. Loomis of Sangerfield, from a Casol mare. It was another Casol mare that was 2d dam of One-eyed Hunter. We sold the grandam of One-eyed Hunter to Horace Fox of Morrisville, a great big fine mare, nicest parade mare you ever saw, 16 hands, 1150 pounds, dun with black holsters. The dam of One-eyed Hunter was bay with star, 1050 pounds, 15^ hands, a fine built chunked mare. " The dam of Bogus was dun, black legs, the one we let Fox have. This mare was foaled from a mare that father drove cattle with. I was about 10 years old, now 69. I think I was about 20 when Bogus was foaled. Bogus extra good horse for stock. Hamilton and Eaton sold a pair from him for $800. We took Bogus to Canada near Belleville before the war. He was dapple chestnut with white stripe in face, two white hind and one white fore foot, i6]'2 hands, 1200 pounds. We called him the nicest appearing horse you ever saw. Hind parts not so good as front, little peaked. Very fine stepper, I think the finest appearing horse ever brought out of a barn, so everybody said ; feet right under him. The Tippoo horse was by the Scott horse at Bridgwater ; got very good colts ; dam Messenger. This within 30 years ; sold to Stephen Cotton •; to a Mr. Mills, and went to Oneida. He got one colt that sold at 3 years for $800. " We had a Black Hawk from Canada, a very good horse, black, no white, 16-2, 1200 pounds, seven years old when we bought him; kept him five years ; he was burned up. "The first Messenger I remember was a big bay, when I was a little boy, at Hubbard's Corners, Hamilton, N. Y. " The ]\Iorgan horses and Kentucky Hunters were very much alike. The ]\Iorgan horses a little more chunked, thicker set. " The Bogus horses had great durability j nothing could beat them ; good to work or for the road." We have received the following letter from Mr. Hiram Ackley, Hamil- ton, N. Y. : xxxii INTRODUCTION "There was a Casaul horse here that was brought from Vermont. He was a dun color with black stripe on his back. I cannot tell where he went. They were good horses, a little ugly. We had a pair of them and they were matched close, but rather too high strung to suit me." For further suggestion regarding the Casol horses in New York State at about this time, see Bolivar (Pintler's) Vol. I., p. 342, of this work. FLORA TEMPLE. THIS Casol breed of horses, which are introduced several times in the pre- ceding interviews, seem to have been quite a remarkable breed in their day and to have originated in Vermont. As we have mentioned, the dam of Bogus, sire of Flora Temple, was by a Casol horse, which, the son of the breeder, who remembered the horses well, says was by a Casol horse that was brought from Vermont. Flora Temple has to her credit 106 recorded races, at the time more than any other trotter. She was, too, the first to trot below 2 :20. Her pedigree is given correctly in the "Breeders' Stud Book" by J. H. Sanders, but we have never seen it so anywhere else. She is generally said to be by Bogus Hunter, son of Kentucky Hunter ; but there never was a horse called Bogus Hunter, nor any called Bogus, got by any horse named Kentucky Hunter. One-eyed Kentucky Hunter, and Bogus, by Lame Bogus, were bred by G. W. W. Loomis, Sangerfield, Oneida County, N. Y., and both owned by the Loomises when Flora was bred. The following letter received by us from her breeder Samuel Welch, whom we found to be universally regarded as an intelligent and very truthful man, is decisive as to which horse got Flora. Mr. Welch allows himself to use the name "Bogus Hunter" for Bogus, which we and others used in writing to him, though in closing the letter he says the horse's name was Bogus, and this is what we found it was when later we visited Oneida County, and interviewed the son of his breeder. The name of the horse was Bogus, after his sire, and he was known as Loomis' Bogus : Reedsburg, Wis., March 18, 1887. Dear Sir : — Yours making further inquiries in relation to Flora Temple is at hand. Cannot say that Bogus Hunter was any relation to One-eyed Kentucky Hunter. They did not look alike. One-eyed Hunter was a small chestnut horse, and Bogus Hunter was a large sorrel horse with three white feet and a white stripe in his face. Both horses were there when I bred the mare. I bred her to Bogus Hunter. The mare was not taken to the horse but once and I took her myself and saw her covered. I cannot tell whether the two horses were in any way related or not. I don't know. The horses did not look at all alike. Bogus Hunter was a large, rangy horse, high-headed. One-eyed Hunter was not so large and the mare was small ; would weigh only eight or nine hundred ; so I bred to the largest horse. Bogus is what they called the horse I bred the mare to. I knew the horse for a number of years. I only lived a mile and a half from where the horse was kept and knew him well. Respectfully yours, Samuel Welch. FLORA TEMPLE LETTER FROM THE SPIRIT OF THE TIMES, FEB. i8, 1857, CONCERNING FLORA TEMPLE AND HER BREEDING: Dear Sir : — I notice with pleasure, in several of the recent issues of your paper, a flattering sketch of the life and exploits of "Flora Temple." Having once been the owner of Flora's dam, and having therefore been quite familiar with the various changes that have attended her career, I have thought a brief notice of her early history might not be uninteresting to your readers. Madame Temple, the dam of Flora, was foaled the property of Elisha Peck, Esq., of Waterville, Oneida County, N. Y., in the spring of 1840. Her dam was a small but fleet bay mare. Madame Temple was by a spotted Ara- bian stallion, owned by Horace Terry, Esq. Mr. Peck disposed of Madame Temple when four months old for a mere trifle, to William Johnson, Esq., of the same place, who always had a keen eye for good points in a horse. This latter gentleman kept her till she was three years old, when he sold her to Sam Welch. In the month of May, 1845, Mr. Welch transferred "Madame," and her colt afterwards Flora Temple, then five weeks old, to Archer Hughes of the same place. The colt was the picture of her dam in all respects but nothing extraordinary was predicted of her. To all appearances, she was simply a very pretty and rather promising colt. Sometime in the fall after she was foaled, Mr. Hughes sold her to Nathan Tracy of Hamilton, Madison County, N. Y., for the insignificant sum of $13. Mr. Tracy, it seems, had not the slightest idea of her really extraordinary parts, for after keeping her about two years and a half, he in turn, disposed of her to Mr. Congden of Smyrna, Chenango County, N. Y. How long she was the property of ]\Ir. Congden is not precisely known. He did not however understand her worth, for on the first good opportunity he sold her to Messrs. Richardson and Kellogg of Eaton, Madison County, N. Y. These gentlemen kept a livery and on their property she was kept at pretty hard service as a livery horse. It was here, however, that she began for the first time to develop those wonderful powers of speed and bottom which have since rendered her so famous. As a horse in the livery, she speedily became a favorite with the public and was uni- versally regarded as a remarkably free and sharp traveler. But she was not considered a first rate animal and no predictions were made concerning her at all, commensurate with the triumphs she has since achieved. Still Mr. Richardson considered her altogether too brave and spirited an animal to be ingloriously worn out as a livery horse, accordingly he took her with a drove of cattle to Washington Hollow, Dutchess County, N. Y., and without any conception of her matchless speed and bottom, he relinquished all right and title to her for ^175. From that time to the present Flora has been the heroine of a brilliant history, which has been so capitally told in "Porter's' Spirit of the Times," that I shall not undertake to enlarge upon it. The sire of Madame Temple was a spotted Arabian horse brought from Dutchess County, N. Y., to Waterville, N. Y., by Horace Terry, Esq., and kept at that place a number of years. He was a remarkably strong, restless, fast trotting horse ; and is said to have been got by a full-blood Arabian stallion on Long Island. He was a great favorite in this section and his stock, for general use, possessed probably more excellent qualities than that of any other horse ever known in this vicinity ; they were uniformly strong with race speed and bottom. The general high repute in which his stock was held here may be judged xxxiv INTRODUCTION from the fact that George W. Crowingshield of Boston owned a pacing gray mare of his get, so fast and enduring that he sold her for $1,500. Madame Temple has always been regarded as a remarkable roadster. Mr. Hughes sold her in 1846 to J. B. Cleveland of Waterville, who soon parted with her to N. W. Moon of the same place, but now of Osage, la. By him she was kept as a horse of all work for several years, from whom she was purchased by James M. Tower in the Spring of 1854, and by him subse- quently sold to H.^L. Barker of Clinton, N. Y., in January, 1855, who now owns her. Flora was her first colt. Her second a horse colt was killed by lightning when three months old„ Her third a horse colt was foaled in the spring of 1855 and purchased by J. W. Taylor of East Bloomfield, N. Y., for R. A. Alexander of Kentucky for $500. This colt was got by H. L. Barker's Edwin Forrest (a Kentucky Hunter colt), now owned by J. Downing of Lexington, Ky. Edwin Forrest trotted when three years old at the United States Horse Fair at Springfield, Mass., in 1854, half a mile in one minute and thirty seconds and received a premium. The fourth also a horse colt was foaled 1856 and is now owned by Mr. Barker and by the same horse, Edwin Forrest. Madame Temple now in her 17 th year is looking finely at the residence of H. L. Barker, Clinton, N. Y., and is with foal by his horse Norman. Jas. M. Tower. The foregoing is true according to the best of my knowledge and belief. r Elisha Peck, I A\'m. Johnson, I Horace Terry, Subscribed and sworn before me, Feb. 24, 1857. I Archer Hughes, G. H. Church, J. P. G. B. Cleveland, Jas. M. Tower, H. L. Barker, ^Chas. Webster. FROM THE SPIRIT OF THE TIMES, MAY 20, 1854. "The celebrated trotting mare. Flora Temple, is offered for sale. She is well known in American sporting circles as one of the best mares that ever appeared on the turf. She is nine years old, a bay roan in color, 14^ hands high and perfectly sound. She has trotted in 2 -.28 in a wagon race — the fastest on record. Also in 2 127 twice in harness. She is perfectly kind in single or double harness or under the saddle. Apply to the editor of ' Spirit of The Times,' 3 Park Place. Price, $7500. " Flora can be seen at the stables of B. B. Boram at the ' Old Homestead.' New York, May 9, 1854." INFORMATION OF SECOND AND THIRD DAMS. Bloomington, III., Feb. 8, 1892. Mr. Joseph Battell, Middlebury, Vt., Yours of January 28 received. In reply will say my father owned the 2d dam of Flora Temple; also the ist dam was foaled his. My father bought her of a man by the name of Randal, who lived then in the town of Paris, Oneida County. AVe lived in Marshall, but I cannot tell what Mr. Randall's MA C XXXV first name was. Neither can I refer you to any one who can. It must have been about the year 1S40 when father got the mare. He owned her a num- ber of years. I rememl)er her very well; she was ])locky built, bay, without mark, mealy nose, weight about 1000 or 1050, free, good driver and fine looking. Respectfully yours, John L. Peck. Bloomington, III., Vth. S, 1892. Mr. Joseph Battell, Middlebury, Vt., Dolly, the dam of Madam Temple, was five or six years old when my father bought her of Mr. Randall, and I think that was about i84o^not more than a year either way from that. I was a small boy at that time, but I re- member the mare well, as she was the first horse I rode. I was born April 2d, 1S32. ]\Ir. Randall was a tall, rather slim man, about 40 years old at that time. Respectfully yours, John L. Peck. MAC. One of the greatest of the early trotters was Mac, 2 :28, 15^ hands; foaled 1843 ; bred by Thomas Record, Canton, Me.; got by Morgan Caesar (Morgan Post Boy), son of Woodbury Morgan by the original Justin Morgan : dam bay, with dark points, breeding unknown. Mac trotted 10 races with Lady Suffolk, winning seven, and losing three when lame. Mr. Wallace gives the breeding of his dam, by Bush Messenger, no breeder given. We have received a letter from John Record of Livermore Falls, Me., son of Thomas Record, breeder of Mac, who writes : " Mac's dam was a bay mare, dark points, breeding unknown. Father bought her of Dr. Coolege, of Canton, Me. She was fourteen years old when father bought her. He owned her two years before she had Mac. She was a good mare and one of the best road mares of her day." This makes the mare foaled in 1827. Bush Messenger was foaled in 1833, or six years after the mare. This is another of the many Messenger pedigrees for important animals inserted in the Trotting Register, while under the management of Mr. Wallace, which are not correct, and which have not since been corrected. A very full history of Mac, who was kept as a stallion till three years old and got fifteen colts, will be found in Vol. III. of this work. THE TROTTING HORSE TACONY. ''On Thursday morning, 20th April, 1854, at 11 o'clock, at the stable, Cherry Street above Fifth, in rear of 189 Arch Street, Philadelphia, will be sold to the highest bidder, the well known trotting horse Tacony, believed to be the fastest young trotting horse in the world. Tacony is a strawberry xxxvi INTR OD UCTION roan, about 15 hands 2 inches high, and only nine years old, is perfectly sound and kind, has been well wintered, and is now in first rate condition. Tacony's performances are too well known to require enumerating. He may be seen previous to sale, and any further information obtained by applying to or addressing the auctioneer at Philadelphia. Alfred M. Harkness, Auctioneer. April I, \%^\:'— Spirit of The Times, April 15, 1854. BLACK HAWK STALLIONS. "Col. S. C. Hall & Co., of Manchester, N. H., have just arrived in this city with three beautiful Black Hawk studs, one ten-year-old horse and two four-year-old colts of this sire. They are all of a jet black color, and are the best specimens of horse flesh ever seen in this part of the country. They are on the way to Kentucky. Boston, March 29, 1854." — Spirit of The Times, April ij, 18J4. EDWIN FORREST (NED FORREST). The following article regarding another of the very fast early trotters we take from Porter's Spirit of The Times of Nov. 6, 1858 : Antique House, Palmer, Mass., Oct. 23, 1858. Dear Spirit : — I have observed in the New York Times of this date an obituary notice headed: "Death of the Bashaw Trotting Horse, Ned Forrest," in which his wonderful performances are honorably mentioned, and he is represented as a son of Grand Bashaw, which is surely a mistake. He was raised in South Hadley, ISlass., from there sold to a gentleman in Amherst, and bought from him by Mr. Goodrich of Springfield, Mass., and sent to New Haven by him with a drove of shippers, but, as $85 could not be obtained for him, was brought back. It being soon after discovered that he possessed a great turn of speed, he began to attract notice and was sold to General Cadwallader. From this time forward his performances are well known to the public. He was a Morgan horse, and possessed a greater share of Morgan blood than any living horse of the Bashaw blood does, having been born thirty years ago ; while the Bashaws and Morgans of the present date are at least two generations of crosses further removed from their respective blood. Sinda. It will be seen that this history of the horse, so far as given, agrees with that given on page 186 of this volume, excepting that this correspondent of The Times states that the horse was Morgan, which both his description and the locality where he was raised will sustain. FRENCH CHARLEY AND COLUMBUS. As both of these horses have aided materially in the production of the American trotter and roadster, and but comparatively little is known of either of them, we add the following notes which we took in our return in 1887 from a trip to Canada. A. W. Goff of Richford, Vt., said : VERMONT BOY xxxvii "The Stone Horse was a medium-sized dark bay horse and a stepper; cross in stable; iioo fat, 1025 lean; 151^ hands. Owned by Frank Stone, East Berkshire ; he took horse to New York and sold him, 1 think, to go to Pennsylvania, for $600. Sold, I think, 1850 or '51. See Dan Moran or Adolphus Paul. Horse came from Canada, 1 think St. Hyacinthe. "We traded our Morgan mares in Canada, old mares. They would trade to get our mares ; Stone Horse pony built ; fine, likely built horse ; heavy front, heavy breasted, lightish behind ; built for a goer. I think called French Charley. He was the first stepper I really saw. He had the sand in him. I think he came here about 1850. " Ten Eyck Horse died at Dunham, claimed to be by old Black Hawk, kept by Ten Eyck, large, black, nice style; 16 hands; kept there till he died; I think foaled 1853 or '54. Comet Horse a Swanton horse. " Farmer's Beauty handsomest horse I ever saw, never saw anything that could begin with him, Morgan horse. Joe Wheeler, Richford, owned him about 1865, chestnut, 1000 pounds, 15 hands. Died here 1875-8. " He raised two stallions ; Anthony Wheeler bred one ; Frenchman from Canada, John Lahue, bred one in Dunham ; a good one, dam by Royce Horse; Lahue Horse dark bay, iioo pounds, 15}^ hands, black points; foaled 1875 ; good looking horse. "Gov. Royce Horse was got by Black Hawk, I think. Dam bred by Gov. Royce, got by Nimrod. A great many trotters from Nimrod. "The Page Horse was by Columbus. See Stillman Page, Bakersfield. Nimrod stock, smooth, heavy built, good size; Hamilton of Montgomery bought a Gifford Morgan. Black Diamond was at Newport. Ira Allen and he in race at St. Armand's. Ira Allen a very fine horse. " Wiers Horse at Sheldon by Nimrod ; heavy horse, good stepper. Root went through here first with Comet, by Billy Root, afterwards with Root Horse, by Streeter Horse, a small black horse ; went to Swanton ; both step- pers, and stopped here. "Old Steele Horse raised in Barton, and a^young Streeter Horse, got by old Streeter Horse, blood bay, black points, prompt, 1050 pounds, 15 hands. " Bulrush Morgan, blood bay ; George F. Dunkley of Burke owned him. Dunkley bred a mare to old Willoughby Lake Tiger, iioo pounds; four white feet, white stripe ; sold to Lyon, Westmore, 10 years old, 900 pounds, very pretty horse ; got awful good colts. Pettis of Sutton traded in Massa- chusetts and got Dictator." J. P. Goddard, Richford, Vt., said : "Goddard Horse got by old Steele Horse (Royal Morgan, by Sherman Morgan), bred by Reuben Goddard, Farnham, Can.; chestnut, low, black horse, 15 hands." Mr. Boutelle, Bakersville, Vt., in interview, 1887, said: " Forty-two years ago the Lothrop Horse (Columbus) was brought here 4th July. No business that year. Very bad horse to manage. Not a noted horse in Canada. Man an old man that sold him ; one-half way between Chambly and Longuille, I think in direct route. "About 15 or 16 years old when brought out. That is, we supposed he was. Lothrop bought him ; paid in buggies ; gave three or four buggies for him. Think not a great sight of stock there. "Frank Stone's horse left splendid stock here, and Stone lived at East Berkshire. They brought out this colt, about five years old, about 1850. Horse raised in neighborhood of man that sold him; 1847 I saw him; xxxviii INTRODUCTION had peculiar white mark up and down on nose, white stripe across belly two inches wide, six inches long; natural mark; chestnut; looo pounds; one white near hind foot ; natural pacer, could trot fastest. " I saw St, Lawrence at four, when Bachaud o\\'ned him. Blood bay ; 950 pounds at four or five years old, 15 hands; don't think a Morgan, think a Canadian French horse. " Columbus, steep rump, very round hip ; small ear, good as ever saw on horse ; very heavy mane and tail ; well cut up ; clean limb as you ever saw. The horse that was his sire was kept near by ; I saw the dam, brown, a little white on nose ; 1000 lbs., low frame. [See Columbus Vol. I., p. 554.] " Harrison Chadwick was with Lothrop when he brought Columbus out, worked for Lothrop. " Tecumseh, I think, was owned in Upper Canada. *'The Stone Horse was claimed to be a Morgan horse; always called him a Morgan." Mr M. B. Walker, of Whiting, Vt., now (1910) 77, of whom we have obtained much valuable information of old-time Vermont horses, has just visited the office of the American Publishing Company, and, to questions, says : "I saw French Charley at the Vermont State Fair, Rutland, 1852 I think, but anyway the year that Black Hawk and Green Mountain Morgan were both exhibited there. Mr. Stone claimed this horse to be related to Columbus. His color was similar to that of Columbus. A sort of sorrel chestnut, white stripe in face, one white leg (nigh I think), most to gambrel." In the Mark Field Monthly of July, 1885, in a long article of several columns concerning this horse (known in the west as Vermont Boy), taken from a poster of the horse, advertising him at Long Ridge, Marshall County, Iowa, the following statement is given : " Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France, procured three stallions and four mares from the government of Barbary, which he bred through successive generations that he might produce superior animals for the French cavalry service. By a law none of this stock could be sold for exportation. Though probably purchased, this law was indirectly evaded by Vermont Boy being presented, when one year old, in 1852, to John A. Trask and Louis Barboo, celebrated French sheep importers, of Chambly, Canada East, with a lot of imported sheep. When three years old he was presented or sold to G. V. Gadcomb and Sanderson, of St. Albans, Vermont, also importers of fine stock. He was kept by them one year and sold to Frank Stone of the same place, who in turn sold him to E. K. Conklin, proprietor of the Hunting Park course, Philadelphia, in whose hands and Stone's he was first trained and trotted in races. Conklin next sold him to one Joseph Brown, a silk merchant in Philadelphia, who presented him to his brother, M. B. Brown, of Pittsburg, Penn., from whom he was purchased by his present owner, James Torrence, then of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. "This printed handbill gives in detail the record of the races in which Vermont Boy trotted and the premiums he won and places where he trotted. Two samples of these are, one trotted over the Hunting Park course, a ten- mile heat race, against Sagarro, Cotton Tail and Gen. Scott, for ^500 each, and won by Vermont Boy in 26 150 ; the other at the Pennsylvania State Fair at Pittsburg in 1858, a twelve-mile heat exhibition in 32 :i2." See French Charley, page 448, also The Morgan Horse and Register, Vol. I., page 762. RIPTON RIPTON, 2 :33, AND WINNER OF 1 9 RECORDED RACES. Another of the early trotters, and one of the best, was Ripton, bay geld- ing with blaze and four white legs, 15 hands, foaled about 1829 ; bred by Burr ]\Ieeker, Westport, Conn. \ got by Heron Horse, said to be running bred : and dam Morgan. We have received the following interesting letter dated Westport, Conn., November 27, 1889 : Joseph Battell, Esq., Dear Sir : — Ripton was bred by the late Burr Meeker, Sr. ; the year I cannot state. He was got by a horse called the Heron Horse. All I can state about the origin and history of the Heron Horse is that the late Morris Ketchum, the New York banker, whose country residence was at Westport, bought a mare with a colt by her side somewhere on Long Island. He sent a man up to this place with the mare and the colt. The man rode the mare and the colt followed by her side. This journey gav« the colt what are called sand heels, from which he never recovered. He always had bunches on his heels, but they never made him lame. The colt grew up an entire colt and when old enough got Ripton. The dam of Ripton was a good-sized, brown mare, no white on her, low headed and not fast. I can not now ascertain where Meeker, Sr., got her. She was quite old when she foaled Ripton. The sire of Ripton grew up and became a mature horse, and was traded about from place to place ; was owned at one time by the old Heron family of Redding Ridge, Conn., and then by the late Nathaniel Lyon of Dodging- town, a few miles north of Redding Ridge. Then he was returned to West- port and an Irish carman by the name of Welch owned him and used him as a cart-horse. While he was thus owned by Welch he covered a number of mares at a nominal price. Welch used to run him short distances over our common roads for small wagers and he was always the winner. When the colt Ripton grew up William Meeker, son of Burr Meeker, Sr., used to ride him, and a man by the name of Henry Nichols of Weston, Conn., owned a horse that could trot then a mile in about three minutes. Ripton was about a match for him. Sometimes one would win and sometimes the other. It very soon became noised about that Ripton was a trotter and Samuel H. Blackman, then of Norwalk, Conn., bought him of Burr Meeker, Sr., for $250 and then sold him to a man by the name of Hutchinson of New York, and he then went into the hands of the late Hiram Woodruff of New York. I am aware that this letter falls far short of a definite and exact pedigree of the horse Ripton, but it is the best I can do, aided by a gentleman of this place by the name of W. J. Finch, who is personally cognizant of all the above facts. Burr IMeeker, Sr., died March 20, i860, aged 75 years. ISIorris Ketchum is also dead. Any other information possible will be cheerfully furnished you on request. Yours respec.fulU, moses W. W,:.o.. AMERICUS. STILL another of the famous early trotters was Americus (1-16), 2 :335^, and winner of fifteen recorded races ; bay gelding, foaled 1832 ; bred by John Tunnacliffj got by Blind Duroc (o\\Tied by Henry S. Orendorff, xl INTRODUCTION Columbia Center, N. Y.), son of Utica Duroc : dam said to be by a Morgan horse owned by Leonard Brown, Columbia, N. Y. Trotted 1839-46. LADY SUTTON. LADY SUTTON (3-16) 2 130, was foaled 1839; bred by Peter Nichols, Barre, Vt. ; got by Morgan Eagle, son of Woodbury Morgan : dam said to be a large, brown or black mare of high mettle. Sold to George Colamer for $100, who showed her on the road one-half in I :30, in those days called very fast, and he sold to Mr. Fisk a peddler for $400. Mr. Chester in his " Complete Trotting and Pacing Record," says her dam was a Morgan mare. He credits Lady Sutton with winning two races against Lady Suffolk, the last two-mile heats. Her sire, Morgan Eagle, is described as a horse of great beauty and power. He was also sire of the famous Michigan stallion. Magna Charta. Information from John Grow, Barre, Vt. DARIEL (LADY WONDER). THE fastest harness horse bred in Vermont, to date, is Dariel (Lady Wonder) (1-16), pacer, 2 :ooi^, bay, little white in face and one white ankle, 15^ hands; foaled May 30, 1893; bred by Whitcomb Bros., Essex Junction, Vt. ; got by Alcander, son of Alcantara : dam Topsy, bay, bred by L. D. Whitcomb, Essex Junction, Vt., got by Holabird's Ethan Allen, son of Ethan Allen ; 2d dam Fanny, bay, bred by M. Griffith, Col- chester, Vt., got by McCuUif Horse, son of Flying Morgan. Sold to Potter Bros., Greenfield, Mass. ; to Mr. Hobinger of Connecticut ; to Mr. Chapin, Rochester, N. Y. Pedigree from breeders. This mare carries a good per- centage of Morgan blood, as sires of first and second dams are inbred Morgans. DORA J. Letter from R. S. Dora : Charleston, III., March 26, 1906. Mr. Joseph Battell, Middlebury, Vt., My Dear Sir : — In the interests of the breeding of the Morgan horse I may be able to give you some information which may be of some value and interest to you, considering the Morgans. If I mistake not, a few years ago you wrote to my father (now deceased), John F. Dora, for some informa- tion concerning the great brood mare Dora J., got by Dr. Herr, son of Mam- brino Patchen : dam Black Belle, the intensely inbred Morgan mare, who was got by Frank Hinds' (of Hindsboro, 111.) Green Mountain, son of Dorsey's Green Mountain of Kentucky (L. L. Dorsey of Anchorage, Ky., is the man referred to, I believe) . Black Belle's first and second dams were also by Hinds' Green Mountain. Dora J. is now the dam of Argonaut, 2 years, 2 1155^, 4 years, 2 :o9% ; Gus Waible, 2:115^; A. J. GUck, 3 years, MAN'S DEBT TO THE HORSE xli 2 :io^ ; Ronald Crews, 2 :i5^ ; Paris, 2 :i9J4', ''^"d Argolet, 2 :29i^, Paris (dam Dora J.) is a great sire, having produced the great pacer, John M., 2 :o2^, the best class pacer on the Grand Circuit in 1904, and a number of others, including Sweet Bay, 2 woyi, Oakland P^oy, 2 :i2^, etc. A. J. Click (dam also Dora J.) got the good three-year-old Central G., 2 :i6^, a trotter of considerable class in 1905, having won a five-heat race at Springfield at the State Fair and others. Gus Waible is the sire of the good pacer Fanny Waible, 2 :i4^. Another good brood mare is Cora, who is a full sister to Dora J. Cora is the dam of Argue, 2:173^ (I think this is the correct record; I know Argue has a record better than 2:20); Arguenot, 2:10^, and Alfalfa, 2 '.iiji, the great class pacer of last season, who was second in 2 :os}{ and 2 :o6i4^ at Columbus, Ohio, in 1905. Dora A. also from Black Belle is the dam of Alma B., 3 years, 2 :i5^, 4 years, 2 :io^. Now, I think this is no mean showing for one brood mare (Black Belle), being the dam of three mares who have produced nine per- formers in the 2 :20 list, ten in the 2 :30 list, one in the 2 :io list, five in the 2 :ii list, and six in the 2:12 list. Dora J. and Cora were got by Dr. Herr and bred by John F. Dora of Charleston, 111., while Dora A., dam of Alma B., 2 :io3^, was got by Dr. Herr Jr. and bred by myself (R. S. Dora). Among the Morgan bred horses of this vicinity is the good pacer, Beth D., 2 -.i^yi, record taken in 1904. Beth D. was got by Paris, 2 •.ig}(, and from a daughter of Black Hawk Messenger, sire of Larry C, 2 :i9^, son of Morgan Messenger. I beheve Beth D, 2 -.1^%, was bred by C. C. Ashra«re, of Oakland, 111., owner of Paris, 2 119 3^. By the way, Paris was bred by John P. Dora, of Charleston, 111. Paris, 2 :i95^, was got by Edgar Wilkes, 2 :2 2, son of Ethan Wilkes. The other performers I enumerated from Dora J., Cora and Dora A. are by Argot Wilkes, 2 :i4ji, son of Tennessee Wilkes. The Wilkes, Dr. Herr and Morgan blood combined has proven a good nick and almost certain of good results in the production of extreme speed, as is evidenced by the list I have given you. Hoping that this information may prove of interest to you, and admiring the blood of the Morgan horse as I do, I shall be glad to furnish you any further information concerning Morgans that I may observe that I feel is worthy of mention, if you so desire. I remain. Very sincerely yours, R. S. Dora. MAN'S DEBT TO THE HORSE. " No Animal on the face of the earth works like the horse ; no animal anywhere is his equal in usefulness to man. He is the one real slave of humanity ; for never lived a human slave in any age or in any land who went about his task and his crushing labors more uncomplainingly, more steadily and more faithfully than does the horse. He brings help when the home is aflame ; he drags in the harvest that feeds millions ; he scurries over the ground to bring the physician to the bedside when we come into the world ; he paces solemnly onward as he drags us to the grave. He carries the joyous children upon his broad back, and he thunders to the hospital with the clang- ing ambulance. Through the streets he drags the mighty iron supports for giant skyscrapers, and over the boulevards of the park he sweeps with fashion and beauty at his hoofs. In the midst of plenty he carries food in abund- ance to countless homes, and in the midst of starvation he yields up his own body to keep life in the human frame. xlii INTRODUCTION " And for this sublime devotion, this lifelong labor, this noble martyrdom, how often is the faithful animal repaid with atrocious cruelty and vile and inhuman neglect ! The treatment of horses by some people is immeasureably base ; and it is all the more hideous and scoundrelly because the poor animal has no means of defense, no chance for aid, no voice to demand help. " He is driven at terrific speed for immense distances ; he is forced to wear rough and heavy harness over a sore and lacerated body, dragging after him heavily laden wagons, all the while suffering silently the most awful torture. He is compelled to drag overloaded wagons up steep hills, often cruelly lashed with the whip, and then after a long day of dreadful slavery he is poorly housed, often with insufficient food. "There are men into whose hardened soul no appreciation of the value and devotion of the horse is allowed to penetrate. They misuse the animal to an atrocious degree, and are impervious to his appealing look, when he is racked by pain or worn down with toil, as though the poor beast were but a senseless rock. Such men as these know no pity, and because they know no pity, they know no horse. "There is nothing overdrawn in this recital of man's inhumanity to his one best and most constant friend. Happily, though, it is not a recital of the usual treatment of the horse. Turning from the consideration of ill-treat- ment, it is pleasant to know that in the hearts of the vast majority of men, women and children there is genuine love for this fine and good friend in the animal kingdom. And assuredly he deserves that love. "When you love a horse, you love man's best, truest, and most useful friend in all the rans:e of the world of animals." — Our Dii77ib Animals. THE HORSES OF AMERICA Our country ! 'tis a glorious land, With broad arms stretched from shore to shore ; The proud Pacific chafes her strand — She hears the dark Atlantic roar. WHEN America was discovered by Europeans, the natives of both the northern and southern continents were strangely- lacking in those things, in both the vegetable and the animal world, that are now classed among the necessaries of life. There was little beyond one cereal, Indian corn ; one esculent, the potato ; one species of dog elsewhere unknown, and one feeble beast of burden, the llama, limited to the uplands of the southern Cordilleras, in Peru, Chili and that vicinity. In North America there was no domesti- cated animal except the dog. The llamas, the only hoofed domestic animals of the western world, were kept not only for their value as beasts of burden, but also for their flesh, hides and wool — supplying, in fact, the place of the horse, the ox, the goat and the sheep of the Old World. The llama was a small animal, standing little more than three feet high at the shoulder, with straight back, short tail, neck and head like a doe, large ears, legs like a sheep, deer-like hoofs with peculiar bosses or cushions on the under side ; body deep at the breast, but smaller at the loins, covered with long, soft and very fine hair, usually white or spotted with brown or black, and some- times altogether black. He Avas spoken of as a sheep by the early Spanish adventurers, though he possessed rather the characteristics of the camel and the goat. The earliest account of this animal is by Augustin de Zarate, treasurer-general of Peru, in 1544, giving a sum- mary of the general character and uses to which the llama was put by the Peruvians at the time of the Spanish conquest, as follows : "In places where there is no snow, the natives want water, and to supply this they fill the skins of sheep with water and make other living sheep carry them ; for these sheep of Peru are large enough to serve as beasts of burden. They can carry 100 pounds or more, and the Spaniards used to ride them and they would go four or five leagues a day. When they are weary they lie down upon the xliv THE HORSES OF AMERICA ground, and as there are no means of making them get up, either by- beating or assisting them, the load must of necessity be taken off. When there is a man on one of them, if the beast is tired and urged to go on, he turns his head round and discharges his saliva, which has an offensive odor, into the rider's face. These animals are of great use and profit to their masters, for their wool is very good and fine, particularly that of the species called pacas, which have very long fleeces ; and the expense of their food is trifling, as a handful of maize suffices them, and they can go four or five days without water. Their flesh is as good as that of the fat sheep of Castile. There are now public shambles for the sale of their flesh in all parts of Peru, which was not the case when the Spaniards first came ; for when one Indian had killed a sheep his neighbors came and took what they wanted, and then another Indian killed a sheep in his turn." Gregory de Bolivar estimated that in his day as many as 300,000 llamas were employed in transporting from the mountains to the coast the produce of the mines of Potosi alone. Leaving now this solitary and feeble predecessor of the horse in the New World, let us return to the horse himself. Columbus brought the first horses from Spain, in his second voyage to the West Indies islands in 1493. They were largely of the Anda- lusian breed. They multiplied on these islands and the Span- iards took them to use as cavalry in their expeditions to North and South America. In 1528, Pamphilo Narv^a sailed from Xagua, Cuba, for Florida with 400 foot and 40 horse. These are the first horses known to have been introduced into the United States, and they are supposed to have all perished, as did all the men of the expedition except Cabeca de Vaca and three others who made their way to Mex- ico, after great hardships. The next expedition to Florida was by Ferdinando de Soto, in 1539. He sailed from Havana, Cuba, and took with him 900 foot soldiers and 350 horse. Florida at this time was of undefined limits and included the Mississippi River, which De Soto discovered and on whose banks he died of a fever. After his death the remnant of his force, reduced more than half by exposure, famine, disease and nearly three years constant warfare with the Indians, built boats, sailed down the river and returned to Cuba. Nearly all of their horses, to which the Spaniards owed many a victory over the Indians, perished. But it is stated in " A Relation of the Expedition of Don Ferdinando de Soto to Florida in 1539-40," preserved in Force's Historical Tracts, that in leaving Florida the EARL V IMPOR TA TIONS xlv Spanish soldiers killed most of their horses, but left five or six alive. La Vega states that the number of horses was reduced to less than fifty before the embarkation on the Mississippi. On the whole it seems probable that several horses were left, perhaps of both sexes, and it is possible that some of the horses later owned by the Indian tribe of this locality were descended from these abandoned war horses of Spain ; but of this there is no proof. Garcelossa de la Vega, in his history of the conquest of Florida by De Soto, says of these horses: "There were also some ships in which sailed a quantity of horses of all colors and sizes, the most beautiful in the world." Illustrations in this book, published in the seventeenth century, represent these horses as of Arab type and decidedly handsome. In 1565 St. Augustine, Florida, was settled by the Spaniards. John Bartram, of Philadelphia, describing East Florida in a book published in London in 1769, says: "The horses are of the Spanish breed, of great spirit, but little strength. They are seldom over 14 hands high. The Indians here, by mixing the Spanish breed with the Carolina, have excellent horses, both for service and beauty." And William Roberts, in a book enti- tled "Florida," published in London in 1763, says: "Horses are also bred here, very good both for the saddle and draft, and so cheap that one of them may be purchased for any trifle that is brought from Europe." From the Spanish horses are descended all the native or wild horses of South America, Mexico, Texas and California, and a part, at least, of the blood that exists in the Louisiana purchase, and along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico to Florida ; and undoubtedly they were mixed more or less with the horses of the Carolinas and Georgia. A large majority of this native breed of horses at the present day are small, and not very valuable ; but I have seen in the streets of Mexico horses of great beauty and symmetry, weighing perhaps 900 pounds, resembling much in finish and form some of our Mor- gan stock. In California, too, I have seen some of the native or wild stock, of great excellence, though not large. I remember especially a bay stallion that I used to notice going through the streets of Santa Barbara, in 1876, ridden by a Spaniard. I priced this horse one day at one hundred dollars, and would quickly have bought him, but learned that no one but this Spaniard had ever been able to ride him. I insisted on mounting him, and got well on, xlvi THE HORSES OF AMERICA but when I went to take the reins from the Spaniard he saw that I was unused to the Spanish bit, and refused to let them go ; so I got off, and undoubtedly thereby saved being thrown, for a few days after I bought a gray half-breed, somewhat larger and a very fine horse, far more manageable, but the first time I rode him, annoyed by my handling of the bit, he became so restive that I gave him the rein and let him run for a mile ; after which we became the best of friends. And this being before the Southern Pacific Railroad was built, I started to ride him from Santa Barbara to New Orleans, but was stopped at the border of Arizona by sickness. Both these horses, the one full-bred Spanish and the other from a Spanish dam and said to be by a Morgan sire, were superb animals of great vigor, power, speed and beauty. Of the horses brought over by the Spaniards and their distribu- tion, perhaps the most interesting and reliable account is given in the "Commentaries of Peru," by Garcelossa de la Vega, who ^\•as born toward the middle of the sixteenth century, at Cresco, in Peru, and went to Spain in 1560. These Commentaries were written about 1600 and translated in London in 1788. They have the merit of almost contemporaneous history : " Of the mares and horses and how they zuere bred in the begin- ning, and of the great price and value of them. "For the better information and satisfaction, as well of the pres- ent as of future ages, it will be necessary to know what things were not in Peru at the time when the Spaniards first entered into Peru, and therefore I have thought fit to make a satisfactory chapter thereof, to enumerate how many things these people wanted, which we esteem necessary for the welfare and convenient living of man- kind, and yet, notwithstanding, they lived happily and contented without them. In the first place we must know that they^had neither horses nor mares, cows, oxen, nor sheep. * ^ -^ As to the Horses and Mares the Spaniards brought them over with themselves, having been very serviceable and useful to them in making their con- quests in the New World, of which the Indians had no great neces- sity, for they were unusually hardy and nimble of foot. All those horses and mares which are in the kingdoms and provinces of those Indies which have been discovered by the Spaniards since the year 1492 until this time, are of the race of those which were brought from Spain, and particularly from Andalusia. The first were landed on the Isle of Cuba and St. Domingo, and the other islands of Bar- rotento, as they were discovered and subdued; where they increased ]l'EST LXDIES HORSES xlvii and multiplied abundantly, and thence they were transported to Mexico and Peru for their services and use in those conquests. At first for want of care in the masters, who put their horses out to i)as- ture into places without fences, they could not easily be catched again, and so roving in the mountains they became wild, flying like deer at the sight of a man and not being seized or preyed upon by any fierce creature, they increased and multiplied in great abundance. "The Spaniards who inhabited the islands, observing how neces- sary horses were for the conquests, and their countries producing such as were very good, enhanced the prices of them to a consider- able rate. There were certain men who kept thirty, forty and fifty horses in their stables, as we have mentioned in our history of the Florida. "After all parts of the West Indies were subdued, there was no such occasion for horses as before, nor encouragement given for breeding and managing them as formerly, so that the inhabitants of those islands turned their trafftc another way, and began to trade and deal in hides. Considering often with myself at how great a price horses are held in Spain, and what an excellent race these islands yield, both for their size, shape and color, I have much wondered at the reason why they have not been transported thence into Spain, though it were only in acknowledgment of those which Spain did first send thither and which were the sires and dams of that new race, especially since they may be transported with so much facility and ease from the island of Cuba, which is one great part of the way, and many ships come empty thus far. The horses of Peru are much more forward than those in Spain ; for the first time I started on horseback in Cozco was upon a horse newly broken, and which had scarce arrived at three years of age." (As the author speaks of seeing things in 1550 and 1590, this must have been written about 1600). The works of Samuel Purcheas, "Purcheas, His Pilgrimes ; In Five Bookes: London, 1625," contain English voyages to the East, West, and South parts of America by Right Honorable George, Earl of Cumberland, who, writing from Puerto Rico, 1596, says: "About their horses, none of which I have seene by much so tall and goodly as ordinarily they are in England : They are well made and well mettled, and good store there are of them, but methinks there are many things wanting in them which are ordinary in our English light horses. They are all trotters; nor do I remem- ber that I have seen above one ambler, and that a very little fiddling xlviii THE HORSES OF AMERICA nag. But it may be if there were better breeders they would have better and more useful increase, yet they are good enough for hack- neys, to which use only almost they are employed." In a work entitled "Natural History of Man," by Dr. James Cowles Pritchard (3d ed., London, 1848), the horses of Peru are thus referred to : "Two other very important observations made by M. Roulin in South America, were pointed out by M. Geoffrey St. Hilaire in his report to the Academy of Sciences. They refer to the fact of the hereditary transmission of habits originally impressed with care and art upon the ancestors. Of this fact I shall adduce other examples in the sequel; at present I only advert to M. Roulin's observations. The horses bred on the grazing farms on the table lands of the Cor- dillera are carefully taught a peculiar pace, which is a sort of running amble. This is not their natural mode of progression, but they are inured to it very early, and the greatest pains are taken to prevent them from moving in any other gait; in this way the acquired habit becomes a second nature. It happens, occasionally, that such horses, becoming lame, are no longer fit for use ; it is then custom- ary to let them loose, if they happen to be well-grown stallions, into the pasture grounds. It is constantly observed that these horses become the sires of a race to which the ambling pace is natural, and which require no teaching. The fact is so well known that such colts have received a particular name; they are termed aguilillas." We do not know when these observations of M. Roulin were made, only that they were referred to in Berenger's work on Horse- manship, published in 1771. The following sketch was written by Mr. J. Sharpies, a gentle- man who had spent twenty years, ending in 1875, in various parts of South America. It is preserved in Sidney's Book of the Horse, and is somewhat abridged as given here : HORSES OF THE RIVER PLATTE STATES. "The horse was introduced into the southern continent of America in the sixteenth century, by the Spanish 'Conquistadores.' During the frequent commotions and 'guerillas' which distracted their early settlements, some of their horses (both stalhons and mares) escaped into the immense plains (pampas), and there formed themselves into herds, which were sub-divided by the natural instinct of the animals into families, called by the Spaniards ' Man- adas.' These herds, being left in peaceful possession of the plains, SOUTH AMERICAN HORSES xlix multiplied in the course of time to such an extent that they now form an essential part of the national wealth of the Argentine Republic. "The number of horses pasturing on the plains of the Argentine Republic at the present day (1876) has been roughly computed at two and a half millions, not including the east coast of the river Uruguay, which probably contains an additional half-million. The annual net increase may be set down as 300,000, the residue finding their way to the slaughter-houses (saladeros), or perishing in the long droughts from want of pasture and water. "The provinces of Buenos Ayres, Entre Rios, Santa Fe, Cor- rientes and Cordova are the chief horse producers; the remaining provinces, indeed, are insignificant contributors towards the grand total. "The breed is undersized, averaging about 14. i or 14.2 hands, and are of every conceivable color. Piebalds and skewbalds, when curiously marked, were much sought after some twenty-five years ago and brought more than average prices. A very beautiful color, now unfortunately almost extinct, is the 'plateado' — a white horse with black skin, magnificent black eye and bluish black muzzle. There are also some beautiful shades of dun, with black stripe along the back and across the shoulders, and black bands on the legs. Horses of this color are supposed by the natives to be descended indirectly from the donkey, probably on account of the black cross on the back. An exception as to size is to be found in the southern districts of Buenos Ayres, notably in the Monies Grandcs, where horses of 15 hands and 15 hands 2 inches are frequently to be met with. The difference in size is owing to the richness and abundance of the herbage, also to the shelter which the woods afford from the heats of summer and the cold of winter. On account of their size they command far above average prices in the city of Buenos Ayres as hacks and carriage horses ; but for work on a cattle farm or for a long journey, they are quite inferior to their smaller brethren. Plenty of large, roomy mares might be selected from these districts for crossing, with imported sires, and would give what is at present the great desideratum — size. "The breed of horses in the Argentine and Oriental republics is extremely hardy and enduring and exempt from nearly every ailment that afflicts horseflesh. Hence I consider the breed as con- stituting a good foundation for the building up of a superior class of horses ; and to my mind there is no doubt but that the liberal intro- I THE HORSES OF AMERICA duction of thoroughbreds from England and elsewhere, combined with a judicious selection of mares, will in a short time so improve the existing breed that exportations from those countries will become an extensive branch of business. " During the last thirty years many attempts have been made in the right direction by the introduction of European sires, and with the best results, as far as the production of useful, shapely and good-sized horses is concerned. "As far as I can learn, the first thoroughbred sire introduced into the province of Buenos Ayres since the conquest was in the year 1850, and in the following year a second was sent out from this country. Since then numbers of European stallions have been introduced, and, notably during the past year (1875), scarcely a steamer leaves for the river Platte without having on board one or more thoroughbreds or heavy cart stallions. The latter, however, is totally unfit for the small * South American mares. After the thoroughbred, what is most required is an active, clean-legged, smart-looking horse, about 15.2 hands, such as I have often seen in the tradesmen's goods carts in the streets of London. "Breeding horses in the River Platte States, so much favored by pastures and climate, and with an unlimited quantity of mares from which to select, cannot but prove lucrative if carried on by men of intelligence and with a fair knowledge of their business. But they must be prepared to expend time and money in the introduction of thoroughbred stock and be content to await the result. The day will come when the southern continent will be a formidable rival of the northern in the exportation of horses, and it depends upon the exertions of the breeders whether that day be remote or otherwise. HORSE-BREEDING IN THE RIVER PLATTE STATES. "The common system of breeding in the settled districts at the present day differs very little from the natural system which the horse had re-established for himself on the open plains some 300 years ago. The herds are divided into families called Manadas, which pasture all the year round in the open, exposed to all the vicissitudes of weather and seasons, and are, as occasion requires, driven up to the homesteads and enclosed in the ' corral ' for the branding of the foals, denuding the mares of their manes and tails for the sake of the hair, and the domestication of the colts. Newly formed Manadas are frequently enclosed during the night as a pre- caution against straying; also when horse-stealers are about and SOUTH AMERICAN NORSES \{ mosquitoes are prevalent, the annoyances from these being such that horses will stray long distances up wind during the night. Each of these Manadas has a stallion at its head, and consists usually of twenty or thirty mares, with a sprinkling of colts and fillies. Over these the stallion keeps most jealous watch, pursuing and bringing back, in no gentle manner, any marc which attempts to wander. By instinct the stallion does not allow full grown fillies, his own progeny, to remain in his harem, and he suffers them to be appro- priated by his rivals without opposition. He will also appropriate any stray mare which may come his way, and occasionally he will make a raid on a neighboring Manadas and attempt to steal away a mare or two, when right royal fights take place between the rival stallions, and the prize is carried off by the x'ictor. These fights are ver\- frequent in the plains and occasionally are to be witnessed between horse and stallion donkey, ofter^ ending with the victory of the latter; indeed, the horse as a rule does not seem to care much about attacking the donkey, having a wholesome dread of his te^th, which he uses in fight with the same tenacity which distinguishes the bulldog. "The selection and occasional changing of stallions for their Manadas is the onh' improvement or modification of the s\'stem established by the horse himself at the time of the conquest, at least as far as concerns the great majority of native breeders; exceptions are to be met with in a few of the native and most of the foreign breeders. "There is a remarkable exemplification of instinct in horses, which may or may not be peculiar to horses bred in the Pampas, but which I have never seen in print. It is the wonderful manner in which horses, taken away from their birthplace, will return as soon as they regain their liberty. I have known horses return two or three hundred miles, swimming rivers and overcoming every obstacle. It matters not if they be taken aw^ay at night or by a circuitous route, they will find their way back — not, indeed, by the circuitous way they may have come, but in a direct line. It always appeared to me a marvellous instinct which could guide them so unerringly over such long distances, over immense open plains with scarcely a land- , mark to assist them. This instinct, though common to all horses that are taken from one breeding ground to another, is, however, much stronger in some than in others. For instance, horses reared on rich pasture have the instinct much stronger, or at least they retain it longer, than those reared on the poorer lands. Those bred in the lii THE HORSES OF AMERICA districts of the Montes Grandes, where the grasses are especially luxuriant, scarcely ever lose this home-pining; and though they are the finest-looking horses in the Republic, they are of little value to farmers, as it is next to impossible to keep them from straying. As hacks in the city of Buenos Ayres they soon lose this instinct, probably owing to total change of diet and the comforts of a stable. A very marked exception to this instinct is to be found in the ' Baqual ' — strictly speaking, the wild horse of the Pampas, as dis- tinguished from his domesticated or semi-wild brethren of the settled districts. The ' Baqual, ' when captured, tamed and taken to the settled districts, seems to lose this instinct entirely. He has also another very singular peculiarity — the transformation from a wild to a domesticated state causes him to lose his gregarious habits. He will stray away here, there and everywhere, but seldom will he associate with other horses, and never with the same for any length of time. This horse is popularly supposed never to become thor- oughly confidential for riding, being, it is said, apt to buck-jump and plunge when least expected. I, however, had one for five or six years. He was very quiet and steady, and a good useful horse for general purposes. HORSES OF THE BANDA ORIENTAL. " Or east coast of the river Uruguay, are much the same in gen- eral characteristics as those of the Argentine Republic. In size they are a trifle smaller than, those bred in the southern districts of Buenos Ayres, but they stand almost unrivalled in powers of endur- ance, frequently compassing journeys of one hundred miles in the day. Owing to civil wars, revolutions and petty broils, few attempts have been made to improve the existing breed by the introduction of European sires. HORSES OF THE WEST COAST (CHILl). "The republic of Chili, on the west coast of the southern con- tinent, produces a breed of horses superior in size, quality and shapeliness to those of the River Platte States. Bays, blacks and browns are the prevailing and most esteemed colors. The origin of .this breed is identical with that of the Argentine horses, and their superiority may be traced to more careful selection and breeding. In height they vary from 14.3 to 15.2, but their chief superiority consists in their fine action and perfect education. "As far as my experience goes, no pleasanter or more perfect hack exists ; for what better qualities are to be looked for in a hack HORSES OF CHILI liii than an exquisite mouth, easy paces, good up action that renders stumbling almost an impossibility, fine courage, high mettle and ex- traordinary tractability? I speak here of the superior and not gen- eral class of horses in Chili. The Chilian horses have usually high action, but the trotting pace is two-fold, some being trained to throw their feet outwards their arms. These are called ' brazeadores,' from ' brazas,' Anglice 'arms'; others have straight, high action (much preferable to the former), and are called ' pisadorcs,' steppers. Their high action is partly natural, inherent to the breed, according to some, and the result, according to others, of the nature of the land on which they have been reared, which is strong, rugged and intersected by numerous watercourses. Their natural high action is increased and improved during the process of breaking by means of bolitos, (wooden balls about an inch and a half in diameter, loosely beaded into a string and tied around the pasterns of the forelegs, which have the effect of causing them to throw their legs high). The high action towards the arms {hrazj'-adoirs) is produced by tying strong strips of rawhide round the pastern, and which are allowed to trail on the ground to the length of six or seven inches. To avoid treading on them the horse throws his legs outwards, and in process of time this becomes a second nature and clings to him through life. A Chilian horsebreaker is a breaker in the best acceptation of the word; he is a perfect master of his art, and quite at the top of the tree as an educator. The Argentine, on the other hand, is a breaker in the worst meaning of the word, and the best among them cannot turn out a horse with perfect manners. The Chilian requires a much longer time to educate a horse, but the delay is amply compensated for by the accomplished manner in which he does his work. "I have ridden hacks by the score, both in England and South America, and the pleasantest one I ever crossed was a Chileno. He had extraordinary mettle, but was so gentle and tractable that a girl seven years of age has frequently ridden him ; his mouth, paces and manners were perfection, and I never remember him to have com- mitted a fault either in the stable or in the saddle. He would have been an invaluable horse for a timid lady to ride in the Row ; I don't think he would have gone wrong in a crowd with the reins thrown loose over his neck. "The bit in use in Chili is, I believe, similar to the Moorish bit introduced by the Spaniards 300 years ago. It is very severe, and requires good hands, especially with young horses." Hv THE HORSES OF AMERICA IMPORTATIONS TO SOUTH AMERICA FROM THE UNITED STATES. We have found no record of importations to South America of horses from the United States until very recent times, although there may have been horses so taken there. But recently, from 1886 to 1889, there was quite a large transportation of horses from western Vermont to Buenos Ayres in the Argentine Republic and of some to Montevideo in Uruguay. Some of these were entire horses, used for stock purposes after their arrival. Probably the pioneer in this enterprise was Charles R. Witherell of Cornwall, Vermont, who took horses to Buenos Ayres as early as 1887. The horses transported from Vermont to South America during this period, from 1887 to 1889 inclusive, were mostly of Morgan or Hambletonian lineage or a mixture of the two. In 1887 Page G. Potter of Middlebury, Vermont, took to Montevideo the entire horses Col- eraine by Addison Lambert (2:27), son of Daniel Lambert, and Limber Dick, by Broken Leg, son of Rysdyk's Hambletonian. In 1888 Addison Lambert himself was taken by Page G. Potter to Buenos Ayres, where he made a season in the stud, being bred to thirty-three mares before his return to Vermont in 1891. Also in 1888, Mr. Potter took to Buenos Ayres the stallion General Grant, by Vermont Boy, son of Benedict Morrill. Another son of Addison Lambert was taken there the same year by E. C. Eells, then of Middlebury, now of Buenos Ayres. About the same time the stallion Gen. Knox, son of Eastern Boy, by the famous Vermont bred horse. Gen. Knox, was taken to Buenos Ayres by Gen. E. H. Ripley of Mendon, Vermont. The beautiful horse Harvester, an entire son of Daniel Lambert, was taken to Buenos Ayres by J. E. Wright of Middlebury in 1889. The above-named horses were all of Morgan blood (except Limber Dick) and were extensively patronized. Among the horses of Hambletonian lineage taken to Buenos Ayres during this period were General Arthur and Middletown Jr., by Middletown, son of Hambletonian, taken by H. C. Potter and George Hammond of Middlebury; and Blackstone Jr., son of Blackstone, by Hamble- tonian, taken by Dr. E. O. Porter of Cornwall. We understand that most of these Vermont horses were suc- cessful as sires in their new homes. THE INDIAN PONY. When the red Indian of North America first began to ride on horseback there is no evidence to show; but Captain Butler, in his THE INDIAN PONY Iv " Great Lone Land," states that the Indian word for horse also means " bi<^ do^." The following account of the animals on which, Tartar like, the Indians have for centuries carried out their border raids against the settlers of the border is from " Hunting Grounds of the Great West," by Lieut. -Col. Dodge of the U. S. army, who commanded a force employed to keep them in check: "The pony used by the red Indians of America is scarce!)- four- teen hands in height, rather light than heavy in build, with good legs, straight shoulders (like all uncultivated horses?) short, strong back, full barrel ; he has no appearance of 'blood,' except sharp, nervous ears and bright, intelligent eyes; but his endurance is incredible. He is never stalled, nor washed, nor dressed, nor blanketed, nor shod, nor fed. When not under saddle he is picket- ed or turned loose to shift for himself. "In winter he is a terrible object — an animated skeleton. His pasture being buried beneath the snow, he would perish if the squaws did not cut branches of the cotton-wood tree for him to browse on. But when the spring brings out the tender grass he sheds his coat, scours his protuberant belly and moves with head erect, ears and eyes full of intelligence. He will climb steep rocks like a mule, plunge down a perpendicular precipice like a buffalo, only the elk can more successfully cross swamps, and he will go at speed through sand-hills and ground perforated with holes where an American horse would fall in the first fifty yards of a gallop. The work he can do is astonishing; no mercy is shown. "The Indian pony is the same animal as the mustang, or wild horse of Texas. He is suiificiently tractable to the rough-riding Indian, but when stabled and fed on corn and oats, he becomes either a vicious, dangerous brute or a fat, lazy cob. "An Indian will ride a horse from the back of which every par- ticle of skin and much flesh has been torn by the ill-fitting saddle, ride him at speed until he drops, then force him to his feet and ride him again. "There is a 'plain ' saying that a white will abandon a horse as broken down ; a Mexican will then mount and ride him fifty miles further; an Indian will then mount and ride him for a week. Riding is second nature to the Indian, strapped astride of a horse as soon as he can walk. "The bit is the Mexican bit; the bar bent in the centre, from two to four inches long^ extends backwards to the horse's throat. Ivi THE HORSES OF AMERICA To the upper end is attached the bar with reins of horsehair or rawhide. The head-stall is of horse-hair, elaborately ornamented with silver or plated buckles. With his bridle the horse can be turned on its haunches with one turn of the wrist. "The saddle is a light frame of wood, the side pieces shaped to fit a horse's back. The seat is almost straight and nearly forms a right angle with the pommel and cantle ; these are about eight inches above the seat. The pommel ends with a knob. The cantle, rather wide at top and bottom, is cut away in the middle to fit the leg or heel of the rider and form his support when he throws him- self (out of sight) 'On one side of the horse, right or off-side, leaving the left hand free to grasp the reins, while the right grasps the mane or pommel. When riding under ordinary circumstances his seat and carriage are very ungraceful ; the short stirrups force him to sit almost on the small of his back ; his head pokes foi-wards as far as his neck will let him ; his left hand holds the reins, his right is armed with a short stick with a lash of rawhide. With a light blow of this he marks every slip of his horse. He has no spurs, but his heels are constantly drumming his horse's ribs with a nervous motion. He scarcely ever turns his head, and when most watchful appears to see nothing. Looking stiff, constrained, uncomfortable on horse- back, he yet will, with his horse at full speed, pick a small coin from the ground and throw himself on the side of the horse in such a position that only a small portion of his leg or foot can be seen on the other side. " The ponies are as carefully trained as the riders. Colonel Dodge relates (but does not say that he was present) how a Comanche pony in Texas, 'a miserable sheep of a pony, with legs like churns, three inches of rough hair all over the body, with a general expres- sion of neglect and helplessness and patient suffering, w^hich struck pity into the hearts of all beholders,' ridden by a stalwart Comanche of one hundred and seventy pounds (12 st. 2 lbs.) armed with a club, first won a race of five hundred yards from the third best horse of the garrison by a neck; then another race against the second-best horse. ' The officers, thoroughly disgusted, proposed a third race and brought to the ground a magnificent Kentucky mare of the true Lexington blood, which could beat the other two at least forty yards in four hundred. The Indians accepted the challenge, and not only doubled the bets, but piled everything they could raise on it. The riders mounted, the word was given. The Indian threw away his club, gave a whoop, and the sheep pony THE INDIAN PONY Ivii pricked his ears and went away two feet to the mare's one. The last fifty yards of the course was run with the rider sitting with his face to the tail of the pony, grimacing horribly, and beckoning the rider of the mare to come on ! ' "The woodwork of the saddle is covered with green hide, which, drying, binds all the parts together and makes the saddle almost as strong as iron. The girth is a broad band of plaited hair, terminat- ing in iron rings, which are attached to the saddle on the principle of the Mexican cinche, by which a man of ordinary strength can almost crush a horse's ribs. The stirrup is of thin wood, fastened to the saddle with rawhide. The skin of a wolf or calf, or a pair of old blankets, is used as padding between the horse and saddle. The stirrups are extremely short and of little use, except to mount or rest the feet." Either different people see with different eyes, or the wild horse of the prairies contained finer specimens early in the century than at present, and were less uniform. A writer in the American Turf Register in 1833 says: " I was once in a village of the Comanches in the valley where the Colorado rises. There are probably three thousand horses in that valley, and I never saw any finer horses than some of them. At the same time a large proportion were the poorest horses in existence. If fine, delicate heads, wide nostrils, slim and tapering and clean limbs, small and hard hoofs and an Arabian symmetry of form will make a fine horse, there are fine horses in abundance on the prairie. I have seen one leader of a herd, while the whole body was coming at full speed, circle round and round the body like a hawk, driving up the laggards in the rear, and then returning to the front, seemingly with great ease." Colonel Dodge's story of the beating of the thoroughbreds by the little mustang many will be inclined to take with a grain of allowance ; yet it is the universal testimony that almost any Indian pony can beat a thoroughbred for a short distance, but that when the distance is a mile or more the tables are turned. Col. Theodore Ayrault Dodge, in "Some American Riders," expressly so states. Berenger, in his "Art of Horsemanship," (i77i),Vol. i, p. 208, speaking of the South American horses, says : " One sort of these horses, called Aguilillas, not only excel in the amble, a pace univers- ally practiced here, but are so superior in their gallop that no other horse can contend with them." And Ulloa writes, in his "Voyage to South America" : " The boasted swiftness of European horses Iviii THE HORSES OF AMERICA is dullness when compared with those of South America. * * * I possessed one of the Aguilillas which often carried me from Callao to Lima, two measured leagues and a half, over a very bad and stony road, in twenty-nine minutes. The species is not hand- some, but easy to the rider, very gentle and docile, yet full of spirit and intrepidity." THE CHICKASAW HORSE. In " Smyth's Tour in the United States," published in London in 1784, the author, speaking of a town in North Carolina, says: " Whilst I remained at this place I purchased a beautiful Chickasaw horse — named so from a nation of Indians, who are very careful in preserving a fine breed of Spanish horses they have long possessed unmixed with any other." From North Carolina Mr. Smyth passed to Kentuck}-, where he joined two Virginians in a trip by boat down the Mississippi to New Orleans, and in this trip they stopped on shore two days at the mouth of the Yazoo River, where they met a party of Chickasaw Indians, of whom he thus speaks : " The Chickasaws are a very brave and respectable nation, not for their numbers, for they are few, but for their virtue and uncon- querable spirit. They are also remarkably handsome, and what is very singular, have a beautiful breed of horses amongst them, which they carefully preserve unmixed. The Chickasaws, it is said, and I make no doubt of the fact, came originally from South America, having traveled across the continent for upwards of 2000 miles, and brought these horses along with them, which are of the breed of that much admired kind called Spanish gennets, having long since taken them from the Spaniards. "There is no Indian nation on the continent of North America near so handsome as the Chickasaws. The Hurons come next to them in beauty. * * * Another singularity that seems to be peculiar to this nation is their frequently going out to meet their enemies on horseback, which with their very fine horses that they take such delight in, renders them, in fact, a nation of cavalry." Later he describes meeting at New Orleans a gentleman who, with a large number of British sailors and French emigrants, landing in Mexico, were made prisoners by the Spaniards and carried to a town in New Mexico, inland, no less than 86 days' journey. Here a priest interested himself to procure their liberty and furnished them every day with a fat bullock. " But," the account says, " so numerous were his flocks of HORSES OF GENERAL WASHINGTON lix cattle, as well as of horses, that although they received above one hundred oxen from him, yet they could not be missed out of the whole flock. And Mr. Ford assures me that he possessed more than 15,000 horned cattle and near 10,000 horses and colts, which were kept fat the whole year around by the luxuriant pasture which that country affords." Returning by boat, he stops at Florida, where he says horses are from £4. to £^ each; cow with calf, £2. HORSES OF GENERAL WASHINGTON. From " Travels in North America, " by the Marquis de Chas- tellux in 1780, 1781 and 1782, we get a glimpse of the horses of Gen. Washington and those about him, as noted by a very keen- eyed observer: " Whilst we were at breakfast horses were brought and Gen. Washington gave orders for the army to get under arms at the head of the camp. The horses brought were a present from the state of Connecticut; he mounted one himself and gave me the other. Mr. Lynch and M. de Montesquieu had each of them also a very hand- some blood horse, such as we could not find at Newport (whence his journey began) at any money. * * * j distinguished with pleasure among the colonels, who were extremely well mounted, M. de Guinot. This whole vanguard consisted of six battalions, forming two brigades ; but there was only one piquet of dragoons, or light cavalry, the remainder having marched to the southward with Col. Lee. These dragoons are perfectly well mounted and do not fear meeting the English dragoons anywhere. They have gained several advantages." And again he speaks of Gen. Washington's horses as follows : " The weather being fair on the 26th, I got on horseback after breakfasting with the general. He was so attentive as to give me the horse he rode on the day of my arrival, which I had greatly commended. I found him as good as he is handsome; but above all perfectly well broke and well trained, having a good mouth easy in hand, and stopping short in a gallop without bearing on the bit. I mention these matters particularly because it is the General himself who breaks all his own horses : and he is a very excellent and bold horseman, leaping the highest fences and going extremely quick." In "Washington's Letters to John Sinclair, Bart., M. P.," dated Philadelphia, July 20, 1794, Gen. Washington himself says: Ix THE HORSES OF AMERICA " Our domestic animals (as well as our agriculture) are inferior to yours in point of size, but this does not proceed from any defect in the stamina of them, but to deficient care in providing for their support, experience having abundantly evinced that where our pastures are as well improved as the soil and climate will admit; when a competent share of wholesome produce is laid up and proper care used in issuing it, that our horses, black cattle, sheep, are not inferior to the best of their respective kinds which have been imported from England." PONIES IN MARYLAND. "The little nag I bestrode was barely fourteen hands, and although I rode thirteen stone and a half and had come twenty miles over very bad roads, she was just as fresh and anxious to push on as if she had just left the stable. All I saw would have been regarded as extraordinary little creatures for their inches. More lasting, more valuable, not so high but stouter, are the Beach ponies, brought from the island of Chincolique, a long, compara- tively waste on the Atlantic sea-board, where they roam about in large herds, wild as the mustangs on the prairies of Northern Mex- ico. Since their capacity for work, high courage and sure-footed- ness have become known they have become expensive. Ten of the the Beach ponies which I saw at Baltimore reminded me much of the admirable ponies which are found in Morocco. The outline, topping shape of head and setting on of both were the same. Their origin is unknown. Probably they are of Spanish breed, bred originally in Mexico." (Parker Gilmore.) IMPORTATIONS TO CANADA. The next known importation to America after the Spanish was by M. L'Escarbot, a French lawyer, in 1604, who brought horses with other domestic animals to Acadia. Herbert says that in 1608 the French extended their colonization into Canada and introduced horses into that country "where the present race, though it has somewhat degenerated in size, owing probably to the inclemency of the climate, still shows the blood, sufhciently distinct, of the Norman and Breton breeds." We have found no other authority that they were thus early taken to Canada. On the contrary, Charlevoix, in his history of New France, pubhshed at Paris in 1764 (Histoire de la Nouvelle France, par le P. De Charlevoix de la Compagnie de Jesus, Paris, 1764) says (Vol. i, p. 381) that the first horses were brought to Canada in 1665 : IMPORTATIONS TO MASSACHUSETTS Ixi (" Le restc du Regiment de Caregnan arriva avec M. de Salieres sur line Escadrc, que portait aussi un grand nombre de families. * * * Les premiers chevcaux, qu on ait vas en Canada; des boeufs, des moutons, en un mot une Colonie plus considerable qui celles, qu'on renait renforcer.") This statement of this early historian has been usually accepted as correct, though why Canada should have gone so long without horses does not well appear. The history of the horses of Canada will be considered in a future chapter. IMPORTATIONS TO VIRGINIA. In 1609 the English ships landing at Jamestown, Va., brought besides swine, sheep and cattle, six mares and a horse. This is the second importation of horses to the United States, and the first made by the English, so far as known. But these animals all perished the next winter, in the " starvation time," as fully shown in the article on Virginia within; and as late as 1649 it would appear that there had been no considerable increase, as it is stated in "A Perfect Description of Virginia," London, 1649: "That there are in Virginia about 15,000 English and of Negroes 300, good servants. That of kine, oxen, bulls, calves, 20,000 large and good ; and they make plenty of butter and very good cheese. That there are, of an excellent race, about 200 horses and mares. That of asses for burthen and use there are 50, but daily increased. That for sheep they have about 3,000, good wool. That for goats their number is 5,000; thrive well. That for swine, both tame and wilde (in the woods) innumerable; the flesh pure and good, and bacon none better. That for poultry, hens, turkeys, ducks, geese, without number," etc. (See Virginia.) IMPORTATIONS TO MASSACHUSETTS. In 1629 horses and mares were brought into the plantation of Massachusetts Bay by Francis Higginson, formerly of Leicester- shire, from which county many of the animals are said to have been imported. The same year seven mares and one stallion were landed at Salem, together with 40 cows and forty goats. And in 1635 two Dutch ships arrived at Salem with 27 mares valued at ^34 each, and three stallions. These are the first and principal importations of horses to America that history records, and from these the principal part of the original stock descended. It \\\\\ be seen that the Spanish, Ixij THE HORSES OF AMERICA the French, the Dutch and the English horses were equally drawn upon. Probably of these the Spanish was the best blood. The French and the Dutch made serviceable and enduring stock. And from the English, improved by Narragansett blood, came the pacer or New England and Virginia pony, afterwards exported in large numbers to the West Indies. Si. <ii" THE THOROUGHBRED Ixiii THE THOROUGHBRED. "Choose with like care the courser's generous breed, And from his birth prepare the parent steed. As yet a colt he stalks with lofty pace, And balances his limbs with flexile grace : First leads the way, the threatening torrent braves ; And dares the unknown arch that spans the waves. Light on his airy crest his slender head. His belly short, his loins luxuriant spread : Muscle on muscle knots his brawny breast. No fear alarms him, nor vain shouts molest. But at the clash of arms, his ear afar Drinks the deep sound, and vibrates to the war : Flames from each nostril roll in gather' d stream, His quivering limbs with restless motion gleam." — Virgil. BY referring to Chapter IX. of Volume I. of this work, giving a history of the horses of England and the British Isles, it will be seen that Great Britain, when invaded by the Romans, possessed many horses, and from that time on they were more or less carefully bred, the blood being reinforced occasionally by foreign importa- tions, including that of Europe as well as the East, large as well as small. It also appears that racing and hunting had always been in vogue in the British Isles, and that therefore many of their horses must have been bred for such purposes, thus combining and per- petuating in long line the blood of winners. In the early part of the sixteenth century additional importa- tions of Eastern horses and mares were made and a systematic effort inaugurated to improve the running stock. To these im- portations the English thoroughbred horse, from which the Amer- ican is descended, is credited. That the English thoroughbred is largely descended from these later Eastern importations is unquestionably true, but undoubtedly with more or less admix- ture of the native English blood, as evidenced by the increased size, and in the incomplete pedigrees, especially of the dams, of nearly or quite all of the foundation stock. It is very possible, Ixiv THE HORSES OF AMERICA too, indeed almost certain, that some of the pedigrees as given are incorrect. Judicious selection in breeding, with liberal feeding and care as more generally practiced in later years, undoubtedly had more or less to do with the increase in size. In i6i6 the Markham Arabian was purchased by James I. He is usually spoken of as the first Arabian horse brought to Eng- land, but this is unquestionably an error. Previous to this time, however, Eastern blood does not appear to have been a dominant or even an important factor in English runners. Mr. Gervase Markham. in a book on the horse, published i6o6, says: "For swiftness, what nation has brought forth the horse which excelled the English ? When the best Barbaries that ever w^ere in their prime, I saw them overcome by a black Hobbie, of Salisbury, and yet this black Hobbie was overcome by a horse called Valentine, which Valentine neither in hunting nor running was ever equalled, yet was a plain English horse, both by sire and dam." And in a description of the city of London by William Fitz- stephen, 1174, he says that in a certain " plane field without one of the gates every Friday, unless it be one of the more solemn festivals, is a noted show of well-bred horses exposed for sale. The earls, barons and knights, who are resident in the city, as well as a multi- tude of citizens, flock thither either to look on or buy." After de- scribing the different varieties of horses brought into the market, especially the more valuable chargers, he says : " When a race is to be run by such horses as these, and perhaps by others which, in like manner, according to their breed are strong for carriage and vigor- ous for the course, the people raise a shout and order the common horses to be withdrawn to another part of the field. The jockeys, who are boys expert in the management of horses, which they regu- late by means of curb bridles, sometimes by threes and sometimes by twos, as the match is made, prepare themselves for the contest. Their chief aim is to prevent a competitor from getting before them. The horses, too, after their manner, are eager for the race ; their limbs tremble, and impatient of delay they cannot stand still ; upon the signal being given they stretch out their limbs, hurry on the course, and are borne along with unremitting speed. The riders, in- spired with the love of praise and the hope of victory, clap spurs to their flying horses, lashing them with whips, and inciting them by their shouts." Of all the early English iinportations two horses — the Godolphin Arabian and Darley Arabian — stand pre-eminent as contributors to IMPORTATIONS INTO VIRGINIA Ixv the foundation upon which was buildcd the famous EngHsh and American race horse; and while both are called Arabians, and prob- ably were descended from that blood, it is not certainly known where or how they were bred. The Darley Arabian, a bay, about 15 hands, powerfully built and of elegant carriage, was brought from Aleppo, in Asia Minor. He was taken to England in 1703, twenty-five years before the arrival of the Godolphin Arabian. The latter, described as a brown bay, about 15 hands, was brought to England from France. Many of the most famous English race horses trace in direct male line to one or both of these stallions ; a number of others in the maternal line, and a large majority of successful race horses and progenitors of race horses, both in England and America, carry more or less of their blood. Nor did any Eastern horse imported after them become prominent in the English thoroughbred. The first mention of English thoroughbreds brought to America that we have account of, was the stallion Tamerlane and several mares said to have been imported into Pennsylvania by William Penn about 1697. Nothing further appears concerning these horses and the statement of their importation may be a mistake. The first of English thoroughbreds brought to America whose blood appears in American pedigrees, was the stallion BuUe Rock, foaled about 1718, got by the Darley Arabian : dam by Byerly Turk ; 2d dam by Lister Turk; 3d dam Arabian mare. Imported into Virginia in 1730. Among the more important thoroughbred staUions imported into America since BuUe Rock, are the following, given in the order of their importation : INTO VIRGINIA. Dabster, sorrel, blaze in face, white legs, flaxen mane and tail, glass eyes; said to be foaled 1735 and imported 1741 ; got by Hob- goblin, son of Aleppo: dam by Spanker; 2d dam by Hautboy. Edgar says he get, in general, very good stock. Crab (Routh's), by old Crab, dam Coneyskins mare by Counsel- lor, 2d dam by Hutton's Gray Barb — Hutton's Royal Colt — Byerly Turk — Bustler (Son of the Helmsly Turk). Said to have been im- ported into Virginia about 1745. See Othello. Monkey, foaled 1725, bred by Lord Lonsdale, imported 1747; got by the Lonsdale Bay Arabian : dam bred by Mr. Curwen, got by Curwen's Bay Barb — Viola Turk — Arabian mare. He is said Ixvi THE HORSES OF AMERICA to have got about two hundred and fifty colts iw America and to have died in 1754. Kept in Virginia and North Carolina. His stock were excellent. — Pedigree from General Stud Book. Jolly Roger, chestnut; foaled 1741 ; bred by Mr. Craddock, England; imported about 1748 and died in Greenville County, Va., 1772. Under the name of Roger of the Vale he won a number of rich stakes in England, his name being changed to Jolly Roger after landing in America. He was got by Roundhead, son of Flying Childers, by Darley Arabian ; Roundhead's dam the famous plate winner Roxana (dam of Lath and Cade, by Godolphin Arabian), by the Bald Galloway ; the dam of Jolly Roger by Craft's Partner, son of Jigg, by the ByerlyTurk; 2d dam by Woodcock — Croft's Bay Barb — Makeless — Brimmer, etc. Jolly Roger got many fine racers, stallions and brood mares. Skinner's "American Turf Journal" says he was the first horse that gave distinction to running stock in Vir- ginia. Janus, foaled 1746, imported into Virginia about 1752 by Mor- decai Booth, and was one of the most famous of imported horses, his stock being greatly noted for their individuality and speed at short distances. He was advertised at Goodbridge, Chesterfield County, Va., in the "Virginia Gazette," 1775, by John Goode, Sr. Janus came nearer to being the founder of a family than any other horse owned in the Southern States, and crosses to him were long and highly valued. Janus was got by Old Janus (son of Godolphin Arabian, out of the little Hartley mare) ; dam by Fox, son of Clumsey, by Hautboy, son of Darcy White Turk ; 2d dam by the Bald Galloway. Janus died in 1779, the property of J. Atherton, Northampton, N. C. His best son was Celer, bred by Mr. Mead of Virginia, foaled 1774: dam by Imported Aristotle, son of the Cullen Arabian. Celer died 1 802. A correspondent writes to the " American Turf Register," 1829: " I have heard Revolutionary ofificers say that the imported Janus had a blaze in his face, and both hind legs about half up white, and he was about 15 hands high, of singular strength and roundness of form; and that he died in Northumberland County, N. C, at about thirty-four years old. The "Sporting Magazine," Vol. 3, in a list of the stallions of North Carolina, says: "Janus was a small but beautiful horse. He was a chestnut; speckled on the rump as he grew old ; a small blaze in the face and hind foot white. His stock were celebrated for beauty, great speed in short distance, hardy constitution and long life." Morton's Traveler, foaled 1748, imported to Virginia and kept MORTON'S TRAVELER Ixvii at Richmond from 1754. Morton's Traveler was one of the best of the early importations. Skinner in his "Turf Magazine" writes: "Not until the get of imported Traveler and Fearnaught ran, were Virginia horses able to compete with those of Maryland in races of four-mile heats." Traveler was bred at Raby in Yorkshire, Eng., by Mr. Crofts, foaled 1747 ; got by Crofts' Partner, son of Jigg, by the Byerly Turk, dam Bay Bloody Buttocks, foaled 1729, bred byMr. Crofts, got by Bloody Buttocks, Arabian; 2d dam foaled 1722, bred by Mr. Crofts, got by Grayhound, Arabian; 3d dam Brown Farewell, foaled 1 7 10, bred by Mr. Crofts, got by Makeless, son of the Oglethorpe Arabian ; 4th dam thought to have been bred at Hampton Court, got by Brimmer, son of Yellow Turk; 5th dam said to be by Place's White Turk; 6th dam by Dodsworth, Arabian; and 7th dam the Layton Barb mare. Partner was chestnut; foaled 1718; bred by Mr. Pelham and got by Jigg, son of Byerly Turk : dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 2d dam by Curwen's Old Spot; 3d dam by the Chestnut White-Legged Lowther Barb. Jigg was owned by Sir R. Mostyn. He was a common country stallion in Lincolnshire, till Partner, a capital horse, was six years old. The Byerly Turk was Captain Byerly's charger in Ireland, in King William's wars (1689, etc.). Bloody Buttocks was a gray Arabian, with a red mark on his hip, whence his name. He was owned by Mr. Crofts. Grayhound was bred in Barbary, where his dam (in foal with him), and sire, Chillaby, were purchased and brought to England by Mr. Marshall. The breeder of Makeless is unknown. He was by the Ogle- thorpe Arabian : dam unknown. Brimmer was bred by the D'Arcy family ; got by D'Arcy Yellow Turk : dam a Barb. Place's White Turk was the property of Mr. Place, stud-master to Oliver Cromwell. Dodsworth was bred in Barbary about 1674, and, with his dam, a natural Barb, afterward called a Royal mare, imported into England. Very little is known of Morton's Traveler. He was imported into Virginia by James Morton. Edgar states that he stood at Rich- mond Court House in 1754. His blood enters very largely into the American thoroughbred horse, especially through his sons, Lloyd's Traveler from imported Jenny Cameron ; Yorick and Tyrall from Ixviii THE HORSES OF AMERICA imported Betty Blazella, a daughter of Jenny Cameron ; and Partner and Ariel from Tasker's imported Selima. The last of his get that we have record of were foaled in 1769, and he probably died about that time. No description of him has been handed down, but of his get, that appear in Edgar, two are bay, two brown, three gray, three chestnut, one sorrel and two black. Of these, one is fourteen and three-quarters hands, one fifteen hands, two fifteen and a quarter hands, two fifteen and a half hands, two fifteen and three quarters hands, and three sixteen hands. The famous Widdrington mare, dam of Shepherd's Crab and other capital racers, was full sister to Traveler. The sire of the original Morgan horse was a horse called True Briton, or Beautiful Bay, which was captured from Col. James De. Lancey of the English army near King's Bridge, N. Y., in 1780 by several American scouts, who sold him to parties at Hartford, Conn., where he passed into the possession of Selah Norton, who kept him for stock purposes and repeatedly advertised him. In these adver- tisements he is described as a full blooded English horse, bay, 15 hands, got by imported Traveler that stood in New Jersey, dam De Lancey's imported racer. As advertisements of the sale of stock by Capt. James De Lancey in 1775 showed that he had bred his racing mare, Betty Leedes, to Lloyd's Traveler, son of Morton's imported Traveler, and which is supposed to have stood in New Jersey, it seemed most probable that this Traveler was the sire of Beautiful Bay, or True Briton, and this probability is suggested in Volume L of the American Morgan Reg- ister. But further information in regard to True Briton preserved in the De Lancey family, is to the effect that he was imported from England by Capt. James De Lancey, importer of VVildair and the Cub Mare. This account furnished by Mr. Edward F. De Lancey, now residing at New York and a grand nephew of Governor James De Lancey, for Volume IL of the Morgan Register, appears in this chapter under the importations of stallions to New York. Fearnaught, bay, 15 hands 2;^ inches high; foaled 1755; bred by Mr. Warren; got by Regulus, son of Godolphin Arabian: dam Silvertail by Heneage's Whitenose, foaled 1722, son of Hall's Arabian — Rattle, son of Sir J. Harper's Barb — Darley Arabian — Old Child Mare by Sir T. Gresley's Bay Arabian — Mr. Cook's Vixen by the Helmsley Turk — Dodsworth's dam. See General Stud Book, Vol. L, page 183. Fearnaught was a successful race horse. Edgar says : " He was imported by John Baylor, of Virginia SHADOW Ixix and brought into that State in March, 1764. His first cost, including freight, insurance, provender, commissions, etc., was ;^289, 5 s., Qd., sterling. " Fearnaught afterwards became the property of Mr. William Edwards at Hick's Ford. Greenesville County, Va. He covered at that place in the spring of 1775 and 1776 and died in the fall of the latter year. His service fee was £6, Virginia currency, the season, equal to nearly ii"i 5 at the present time, comparing the value of the property and the price of the country produce during these periods. "Fearnaught was one of the most distinguished stallions ever in America. Very many deservedly celebrated horses sprang from him and his distinguished name is to be found in almost any thorough- bred horse's pedigree, in Virginia, which traces back to this time. He left behind him a most brilliant and lasting race." The most noted of the sons of Fearnaught, on the turf and in the stud, were Nonpariel, dam by Janus ; Nimrod, dam by Part- ner; America, dam by Jolly Roger; Fitzhugh's Regulus, dam im- ported Jenny Dismal ; Godolphin, full brother to Regulus ; Speci- men, another full brother and sire of the noted racer Paul Jones; Shakespeare, dam by Cub; Shakespeare, dam by Shakespeare; General Spottswood's Apollo; Harris' Eclipse; Matchless; King Herod, dam by Othello ; Whynot, dam by Othello ; Dandrick's Fearnaught and Symmes' Wildair, the last two probably the best of the descendants of old Fearnaught. Aristotle, brown ; foaled 1755 ; bred by Mr. Bladen, England ; got by CuUen Arabian : dam by Crab — Hobgoblin — Godolphin Arabian, — out of the famous mare called White Cheeks. This pedigree is certified to by his breeder. Imported about 1764. Advertised 1773 by Benjamin Harrison, at Berkeley, Va. ; died 1776. Ran three times in England, winning twice. Not in General Stud Book. Shadow, bred by the Duke of Northumberland and got by Babraham, son of Godolphin Arabian: dam by Starling, son of old Starling by Bay Bolton, son of Gray Hautboy by Hautboy, son of White Darcy Turk ; 2d dam Coughing Polly, by Bartlet's Childers, full brother to Flying Childers; 3d dam by Counsellor, son of Lons- dale Counsellor, by the Shaftsbury Turk — Snake — Luggs — Davill's old Woodcock. Shadow was imported to Virginia in 1767, and kept in Mecklenburg County; soon after went to South Carolina. He was quite a race horse and left a valuable progeny from which have descended many first-class horses of the present day. Ixx THE HORSES OF AMERICA Merry Tom, said to have been an exceedingly beautiful bay horse, 14)4^ hands; foaled 1759; bred by William Parker, New- castle, England ; got by Regulus, son of the Godolphin Arabian : dam by Locust, son of Crab, Imported previous to 1767. He ran several successful races in England in 1762-64. Advertised in Prince George County, Va., by John Baird in 1767-68, ^TJl-T^ and kept in that county up to 1784. He left some very good stock. Medley, gray; foaled 1776; got by Gimcrack, a gray, and from his low stature called the "little gray horse Gimcrack," foaled 1760, son of Cripple, by the Godolphin Arabian. Gimcrack was said to be one of the best bottomed horses that ever ran in England. Though small, his ability to carry weight was very great, as he frequently gave the odds as high as 28 pounds; he continued on the turf until 1 1 years old. The dam of Medley was Arminda by Snap ; 2nd dam Miss Cleveland, by Regulus; 3d dam Midge, by a son of Bay Bolton ; 4th dam by Bartlet's Childers ; 5th dam by Honey- wood's Arabian ; 6th dam the dam of the two True Blues. Medley was imported 1784 by Malcomb Hart of Hanover County, Va., who paid iJ"ioo, 15s. I id., for him and in 1792 sold a half interest to John and James Wilkinson of Southampton County, Va., for 29,000 pounds of tobacco. Medley died that fall. Col. John Tayloe, one of the most extensive importers and breeders of thoroughbreds in Virginia, writes of Medle)-: "He was one of the most beautiful horses I ever saw. I cannot at this remote period pretend to describe him further than to say he was a gray horse of the finest proportions, and not more than 14^ to 15 hands high. J have always esteemed him one of the best horses ever imported into the United States, and concur with you in the opinion that his stock is decidedly the best we have had. His colts were the best racers of their day, although generally small, but their limbs were remarkably strong and fine, and they were dis- tinguished for their ability to carry weight." The blood of imported Medley has proved not only a most important factor in the production of our greatest runners, but is found in many of the speediest light harness horses of the present day. The dam of the Morgan stallion Black Jack was by a son of imported Medley. Black Jack got the grandam of Lady Yeiser, who produced Lottie Loraine, 2:05^, Don Pizarro, 3 years old, 2:143/^, Mistake, 2:291^, Don Lorenzo (3 years ) , 2 : 1 7 3/^, Chastine 2 :29^, Galena, 2 \2Z%, Griselda, 2 129^, and Chief 2 :32 i^. BED/' OR D ■ Ixxi Shark, considered in luigland the best horse of his time, beating nearly all his contemporaries at every distance, clearly demonstrating his superiority both fc^r speed and bottom. lie was brown, 15)^ hands; foaled 1771 ; bred by Mr. Pigot; got by Marske, son of Squirt, by Bartlet's Childers; dam by Snaj) ; 2nd dam by Marlborough, son of Godolphin Arabian; y\ dam a Natural Barb Mare. Imported to Virginia in 1 786 by Benjamin Hyde of Fred- ericksburg. He proved a successful sire of running stock, and his name frequently appears in trotting pedigrees. His son Cam- den got Simpson's Blackbird, a fast runner and long-distance trotter, and he in turn begot speedy trotters and producers, such as Califor- nia Blackbird, 2 :22, and Alf Richmond, sire of the dams of Anteeo, 2:16, Antevolo, 2:19; and these, together with their full brother Anteros, have furnished nearly a hundred members of the 2:30 list. Shark died in the stud of General Washington about 1796. Dare Devil, bay; foaled 1787; bred by the Duke of Grafton; got by Magnet, son of King Herod: dam Hebe, by Chrysolite, son of Blank, by Godolphin Arabian. Imported by Col. Hoomes of Virginia, 1795, and sold to Mr. Starke. Kept at Warrenton in 1800. Dare Devil was a successful racer in England and got in this country some excellent stock. Bedford, bay; foaled 1792; bred by Lord Grosvenor ; got by Dungannon, son of Eclipse: dam Fairy, by Highflyer, son of King Herod; 2d dam Fairy Queen (2d dam of imported Citizen), by Young Cade, son of Cade, by Godolphin Arabian; 3d dam Routh's Black Eyes, by Routh's Crab, son of Crab, by Alcock Arabian. Imported by John Hoomes and advertised at Bowling Green, Va., 1796, at four guineas. Sold to Wade Hampton, October, 1803. In his three-year-old form Bedford ran some good races, though badly managed. His progeny proved first class performers. Fairy, the first of his get in this country, won thirteen races out of fifteen. Fairy's full brother, Gallatin, when three years old, won a three-mile heat in 5 minutes 43 seconds, the best time on record up to that day. Dungannon, a son, was a consistent performer at all distances and many of the best race horses of early days, such as Kosciusko, Crusader, American Eclipse, Bertrand, Gohanna, Kate Kearney, Sussex, Giles Scroggins, Caswell, Trifle, and others, trace to Bedford mares, and in the pedigrees of many of our fastest and gamiest harness horses of the present day are found their names, or those of their descendants. Ixxii THE HORSES OF AMERICA Diomed, chestnut; foaled 1777; bred by Richard Vernon, of Newmarket; got by Florizel, son of Herod: dam by Spectator — Blank — Childers — Miss Belvoir by Gray Grantham — Paget (or Pigot) Turk — Betty Percival by Leedes Arabian — Spanker. Diomed was imported into Virginia by John Hoomes, in 1798. He was a successful racer in England and proved a very successful sire in this country, Herbert says of him : " Diomed is probably the greatest sire of the greatest winner getters ever brought into this country, and again one of the best horses ever imported, and who has told the long- est tale on American stock." A note in Weatherbee's English Stud Book says of him: " Sire in America of Sir Archie, Duroc, Florizel, Dinwiddie, Gracken and Hampton, and many other first-class runners, and themselves sires of runners. Indeed, his get were among the best ever sired in the United States, being large and powerful." Diomed was not only the begetter of speed at the run, but his blood enters very largely in the pedigrees of American trotters and pacers. He was sold to Goode, Selden & Co. Died 1808. The blood of Diomed has also been very widely distributed over the country. In the South many of his sons, grandsons and great-grandsons were kept as stallions and became very noted, so that there is hardly a pedigree of note in that whole region includ- ing Tennessee, Virginia and Kentucky, whether of runners, trotters or pacers, in which this blood does not appear. His descendants were also numerous throughout the West ; and in New York and New England the blood became prominent through his son, Duroc, and his grandson, the very celebrated American Eclipse, as well as from other sources. The well known and brilliant turf writer, S. W. Parlin, editor-in- chief of the "American Horse Breeder," Boston, Mass., gives the following history of this remarkable horse and his ancestors : THE HISTORY OF DIOMED. "The following account is given by an English writer, briefly outlining the career of this truly celebrated horse before he came to this country : " ' Diomed, the first winner of the Derby stakes at Epsom, a chestnut horse, foaled in 1777, bred by the Hon. Richard Vernon of Newmarket, and sold to Sir C. Bunbury, Bart. Diomed was got by Florizel, out of the Spectator mare, dam of Pastorella, Fame, etc. '"At Newmarket second spring meeting, 1780, Diomed won a DIOMED Ixxiii sweepstak'cs of 600 f^s. each, six subscribers. At ICpsom, Ma}- 4, he won the Derby stakes of 50 gs. each, 36 subscribers, the last mile of the course, beating Mr. Kelley's Boudrow, Mr, Waller's Spitfire, Sir C. Colinson's Wooton, Mr. Panton's Drone, Duke of Cumber- land's Polydore, Lord Grosvenor's Diadem, Duke of Bolton's Bay Bolton and Mr. Delme's gray colt, by Gimcrack, from Woolscy's dam ; six to four against Diomed, four to one against Boudrow, and seven to one against Spitfire. At Newmarket July meeting, he walked over a sweepstake of 100 gs. each, seven subscribers across the flat. '"On Tuesday, in the first October meeting, a sweepstakes of 100 guineas each. Next day he won the Perram purse of £^0, with i^50 added. On Friday he received forfeit from Catalpha, by Turf, R. M. 100 guineas. In the second October meeting, 1781, Diomed received forfeit from Susannah, b. c. 500 guineas h. ft. In the Spring meeting, he won the claret stakes of 200 guineas each, h- ft. and a hogshead of claret each, p. p. fourteen subscribers. '" At Nottingham, he was beat for the first time by Fortitude, and at Newmarket in October by Boudrow. In 1782 he did not start, but paid a forfeit to Crop. '" Diomed was beat six times in 1783, viz.: at Newmarket for the Craven stakes, won by Arabic, in the first Spring meeting ; for the ;^50 purse by Laburnum and Drone, also for the King's purse, won by Drone at Ascot Heath, by Soldier and Oliver Cromwell ; at Win- chester for the King's purse by Anvil ; and at Lewes for the King's purse by Mercury and Diadem. Diomed fell lame in running and was put out of training. '" He w^as sold in 1798, by Sir Charles Bunbury, for fifty guineas to go to America, where he was sold for 1000 guineas. Was alive in 1807.' "It will be noted from his pedigree when fully extended that Diomed 'traces back to the following-named horses, through his sire and dam, viz.: Leedes' Arabian, nine times; Darley's Arabian, seven times; Byerly Turk, five times; Curwen's Bay Barb twice, Bald Galloway once, Godolphin Arabian twice. Flying Childers four times. Fox once, Basto twice. Crab twice, Herod once, Bay Bolton once, and several other Arabians, Barbs and Turks. "All the above-mentioned horses have a history that is worthy of note, and it is my purpose to give this history as related by this English writer, as it lies at the root of the question as to the powers of what we call thoroughbred horses. Ixxiv THE HORSES OF AMERICA "The Leedes Arabian, sire of Ariadne, was first called the North- umberland Arabian, and afterwards being disposed of to Mr. Leedes of North Melford, Yorkshire, was distinguished in his stud by the name of the Leedes' Arabian. He was foaled in 1655 and was pur- chased in Zamie of the Immanum or King of Sinna, in Arabia Felix, at a very great expense, and brought into England by Mr. Phillips, a gentleman well known for his extensive skill and nice judgment in the peculiar and distinguished points and qualifications necessary in a race horse. "The following is the account given of this horse by Mr. P. Pick : '"Mr. Phillips was sent into Arabia by the Earl of Northumber- land, purposely to select and purchase for his lordship such Arabian horses and mares as might appear best calculated to improve the breed of horses in this country. The Leedes Arabian was a private stallion in Lord Northumberland's stud until the year 1666, when he served mares at Mr. Leedes' at 3 gs. and 5s. the groom; in 1667. 1678, and several years afterwards, at 5 gs. and 3 s. He was also sire of his Lordship's Nonesuch, Actaeon and Grizelda, of Mr. Shafto's Mittimus, Mr. Jenning's Ultra-marine, Sir John Douglas' Phillippo, Mr. Morrisson's DoUy-O, etc. He served very few mares, notwithstanding which there was not above two or three of his get but what were winners. The Darley Arabian (sire of Childers) was the property of Mr. Darley of Buttercramp, near York. A brother of that gentleman being an agent in merchandise abroad, became a member of a hunting club, by which means he acquired interest to procure the said Arabian for a moderate sum, and which he sent over to England as a present to his brother. He also got Almanzor, a very fleet horse ; the Duke of Somerset's Whitley, own brother to Almanzor, and thought to be as good, but meeting with an accident he never ran in public; Cupid and Briskgood horses; Daedalus, a very fleet horse ; Skipjack, Manica, Aleppo, Brisk, Bully, Rook, Whistlejacket and Dart, good plate horses, though out of indifferent mares, and Lord Tracey's Whimsey, a good plate mare. He covered only a few mares besides Mr. Darley's.' "The Byerly Turk (sire of Basto) was Capt. Byerly's charger in Ireland in King William's wars (1689, etc.), and afterwards proved a most excellent stallion, though he did not cover many well-bred mares. " He was sire of the Duke of Kingstone's Sprite, who was allowed to be nearly as good as Leedes' ; of Sir Roger Moyston's Jigg (sire of Mr. Croft's Partner) ; of the Duke of Rutland's Archer DIOMED Ixxv and Black Hearty (sire of Bonny IMack) ; of Lord Bristol's Grass- hopper, Lord Godolphin's liycrly gelding, Mr. Knightley's mare, etc., all in very high forms as racers. He got the dams of Lord Halifax's Farmer Mare (dam of his lordship's Miss Halifax), Sir W. W.. Wynn's Looby, Mr. Smales' Childers, etc. The great-grandam of Lord Godolphin's VVhitefoot, Wryfoot and Morat, which grandam of the said three was the dam of Grey Ramsden and great-great-gran- dam of the Bolton Fearnaught. "The Curwen Bay Barb (sire of the dam of Partner) was a present to Louis XIV. from Muley Ishmael, King of Morocco, and was brought into England by Mr. Curwen of Workington, Cumber- land, who being in France when Count Bizham and Count Thoulouse (two natural sons of Louis XIV.) were (the former was master of the horse, and the latter admiral),. he procured of them two Barb horses, which he conveyed to England, both of which proved to be most excellent stallions. The Curwen Barb was distinguished for several years, by the bare style of the Bay Barb, and was as well known to sportsmen by that name as he would have been had there never been another Barb horse of his color in the kingdom. He did not cover many mares except Mr. Curwen's and Mr. Preham's. "The Bald Galloway (sire of Buckhunter) was bred by Capt. Ryder of Whittlebury Forest, Northamptonshire. He was got by a Barb of Monsieur St. Victor, of France, well known to the sportsmen by the name of St. Victor's Barb ; his dam was a mare of Captain Rider's, got by Mr. Fenwick's Whynot (son of his Barb); his grandam was a royal mare. The Bald Galloway was also sire of Lord Portmore's Snake and Daffodil, Mr. Elstob's Cartouch, Mr. Buncombe's Dart (that won the King's Plate at York in 1722) ; he also got Mr. Howe's Foxhunter, and Grey Avington, Bald Avington, Roxanna (Cade and Lath's dam), Silverlocks (Brilliant's grandam) and several others that won plates in the north, which brought him into great repute as a stallion. He covered at the Oak-tree, Leem- ing-lane, Yorkshire, where he died. "The Godolphin Arabian. — This extraordinary horse was of a brown bay color, with some white on the off heel behind, and sup- posed to have been foaled in 1724; he stood about fifteen hands high. He was long considered an Arabian, although his points resembled more those of the highest breed of Barbs. It is now gen- erally believed that he was imported into France from Barbary, and there is reason to believe was sent as a present from the Emperor of Morocco to Louis XIV. So little was he valued in France, says the Ixxvi THE HORSES OF AMERICA author of the ' Sportsman's Repository,' that he was actually employed in the drudgery of drawing a cart in Paris. He was brought into England by Mr. Coke, who gave him to Mr. Roger Williams, pro- prietor of the St. James's Coffee House. "As we intend giving the performances of the most celebrated , of his get, it would be superfl.uous to do more here than to remark that every superior race horse, since his time up to the present day, partakes of his valuable blood. By Mr. Williams he was presented to the Earl of Godolphin, in whose possession he continued as a private stallion till his death. He was teazer to Hobgoblin in the years 1730 and 1731, and on the latter refusing to cover Roxanna, she was put to the Godolphin Arabian, and from that cover produced Lath, the first horse the supposed Arabian got. " Lath was one of the finest horses of his day, and was pro- nounced by the most skilled at that time to be the best that had ap- peared at Newmarket for many years previous to his time, Childers only excepted. The Godolphin Arabian died at Hog-Magog in Cambridgeshire in 1752, being supposed to have been then in the twenty-ninth year of his age, and is buried in a covered passage leading to the stable, with a flat stone over him without any inscrip- tion. At his interment cake and ale were given, as at that after- wards of the celebrated race horse Eclipse. "There is an original portrait of this remarkable horse, by Sey- mour, in the collection of the Marquis of Cholmondely, at Houghton Hall, Norfolk, and another picture of him with his favorite cat in the library at Hog-Magog, in Cambridgeshire. He was represented in all the prints of the day with his favorite cat, and such was the regard existing between them, that the cat really pined to death for the loss of the horse. "The Godolphin Arabian was remarkable also for the almost unnatural curve of his crest. The Duke of Portland, it is well known, once possessed a horse with the same singularity. It is worthy of remark that the production of both colts and fillies pro- duced by this celebrated horse were of a bay color, like himself. This blood has now, however, been so much crossed that his descendants are to be met with of all colors. "Childers, also called Flying Childers, a chestnut horse with part white on his nose and four white legs, foaled in 171 5. Bred by Leonard Childers, Esq., of Carr-House, near Doncaster, and was purchased when young by the Duke of Devonshire. Childers was got by the Darley Arabian ; his dam, called Betty Leedes, by Old DIOMED Ixxvii Careless; his grandam (own sister to Lccdcs), by Lecdes' Arabian; his great grandam by Spanker, out of the Old Morocco mare that was the dam of Spanker. " Childers started several times at Newmarket against the best horses of his time and was never beaten. In April, 1 72 1 , he beat the Duke of Bolton's Speedwell, eight stone seven pounds each, four miles, 500 gs., and in October following he received of Speedwell 500 gs. forfeit. In October, 1722, Childers beat the Earl of Drog- heda's Chaunter, ten stone each, six miles for looo gs. In April, 1723, received of the Duke of Bridgewater's Lonsdale mare, and Lord Milsintowne's Stripling, fifty gs. forfeit, each, and in November following he received 100 gs. from Lord Godolphin's Bobsey. "About the year 1721 Childers ran a trial against Alamanzor and the Duke of Rutland's Brown Betty, carrying nine stone two pounds over the round course at Newmarket, in six minutes and forty seconds; and it was thought he moved 82 1-2 feet in one second of time, which is nearly at the rate of one mile in a minute, a degree of velocity which no horse has been known to exceed. He likewise ran over the Beacon course in seven minutes and thirty seconds ; and it was supposed that he covered at every bound a space of twenty- five feet. He leaped ten yards on level ground with his rider. He was allowed by Sportsmen to be the fleetest horse that ever ran at Newmarket, or, as generally believed, that was ever bred in the world. He was not only eminent as a racer, but allowed by breeders to be a very valuable stallion, though he covered only a few mares, except the Duke of Devonshire's. He died in his grace's stud in the year 1741, aged twenty-six; and the last of his get that was trained was Velters Cromwell, Esq.'s Nestgul, foaled in the year 1740. "Fox, commonly called Old Fox — a bay horse, foaled in 1714. Bred by Sir Ralph Ashton, Bart., and sold to Mathew Liston, Esq. Sir Ralph Ashton purchased two mares of Mr. Leedes, and had them both covered in one season (1713) by Clumsy, son of Mr. Wilke's Hautboy, one of which produced Fox, the other Fox-Cub or Squirrel. The dam of Fox was called Bey Peg, by the same Arabian, sire of Leedes' out of Spanker's dam. At York in 1719, Fox won the ladies' plate for five-year-olds, eight stone four miles, beating Lord Londale's Bay Jack, Duke of Ancaster's Blacklegs and others. He was then sold to the Duke of Rutland, in whose possession he beat the Duke of Wharton's Stripling at Newmarket for a considerable sum. He won Iavo King's plates at Newmarket, the King's plate at Ixxviii THE HORSES OF AMERICA Lewes, and received 250 gs. from the Duke of Wharton's Swallows. Fox then became the property of Mr. Cotton of Sussex, in whose hands he won the 300 gs. stakes at Ouainton Meadow; he afterwards beat Lord Hillsborough's Witty, gelding, for 2000 gs., from whom he also received a forfeit of 100 gs. ; he likewise beat Lord Drogheda's Snip three matches- for considerable sums, and Mr. Frampton's Miss Worksop, for 200 gs. "Fox was a stallion in Lord Portmore's stud, and died in his lordship's possession in the spring oi 1738, aged twenty-three. He was sire of Capt. Appleyard's Cuddy and Conqueror, of the Duke of Bolton's Goliah and Merry Andrew, of Lord Portmore's Victorious and Slipby, of Mr. W'itty's Meliora (dam of the famous Tartar, sire of King's Herod), of the dam of the Duke of Cumberland's Crab, Sir William Middleton's Childerkin, Mr. Shafto's Snap, Northumber- land, Swiss, Legacy, etc. "Basto, a brown horse, foaled in 1703, bred by Sir William Ramsden, Bart., of Byram, near Ferrybridge, Yorkshire, and sold when young to the Duke of Devonshire. He was got by the Byerly Turk ; his dam was called Bay Peg, a daughter of Leedes' Arabian, sire of Leedes and of the grandam of Childers. Basto's grandam was out of a daughter of Mr. Leedes' Bald Peg, and got by Old Spanker. Bald Beg, Basto's great-grandam, was bred b}' Lord General Fairfax, out of a mare of the same name, and got by his lordship's Morocco Barb. "Basto won several matches at.Newmarket, but the accounts are deficient for several years in mentioning the sums that he, as well as many other horses, ran for at that place. The horses Basto beat are as follows, viz.: In October, 1703, at eight stone three pounds, he beat the Lord Treasurer's Squirrel, seven stone twelve pounds, four miles ; and in November following, at eight stone five pounds, he beat the Lord Treasurer's Billy, eight stone three pounds, five miles. In ]\Iarch, 1709, Basto, at eight stone five pounds, beat Lord Rayl- stone's Chance, seven stone, four miles; and in October following, at eight stone five pounds, he beat Mr. PuUeine's Tantivy, eight stone five pounds, five miles. In 1710, Basto, carrying eight stone seven pounds, four miles. He then became a stallion in the Duke of Devonshire's stud, and died about the year 1723. "Basto was looked upon, when in keeping at Newmarket, to be a very fine form for running; he had an appearance of pride and spirit, which added greatly to his figure ; he was remarkably strong, and was allowed to be one of the most beautiful horses of his color that ever appeared in this kingdom. BUZZARD Ixxix " Basto was sire of the Duke of Devonshire's Old Coquette, Gim- crack, Soreheels and Little Lear ; of the Duke of Rutland's Black- eyed Susan, Dimple and Brown Betty, dam of Mr. Cole's Foxhunter; he also got the dam of Bay Motte, Old Crab, Blacklegs, Hip, Puff, Snit, etc., and the grandam of Vernon's Milliner, the Duke of Graf- ton's Magnet, Madam, etc. He covered very few mares beside the Duke of Devonshire's and Rutland's." In addition to the above, Mr. Parlin writes us as follows, dated Boston, Aug. 28, 1901 : "Very few horsemen of the present generation realize what Diomed accomplished in the wa)' of improving the speed and other valuable racing qualities of the horse stock of America. In Youatt's work on the horse, which was edited by Skinner and published early in 1843, are four tables. These tables occupy one page each, and begin on page 36. The first gives the best races at mile heats that had ever been run in America. "Table No. i contains 18 names and they were the 18 best per- formers at mile heats. By carefully tracing the pedigrees of these 18 I find that 14 of them are direct descendants in the male line of imported Diomed. Just think of it ! A horse that was 22 years old when imported in 1 799, and only lived nine years after that beats all the other thoroughbred sires that ever stood in this country 14 to 4. "Table No. 2 contains 31 names of all the best performers at two-mile heats, and 21 of them trace directly through their sires to old Diomed. In this table he beats all the other thoroughbred sires that had ever stood in this country 21 to 10. "Table No. 3 shows 24 of the best performers in races of three- mile heats, and 16 of these 24 trace directly in the paternal line to imported Diomed. Here old Diomed beats all the others in the ratio of 16 to 8. "The best races at four-mile heats are shown in table No. 4. This contains 17 names, and 10 of the 17 are direct descendants of old Diomed in the paternal line, showing a ratio of 10 to 7 against all other sires. The simple facts shown in these impartial tables tell the merits of old Diomed as a perpetuator of all the qualities of first class race horses in a more eloquent and convincing manner than the most gifted writer can express in song or story." Buzzard, chestnut; foaled 1787; bred by Mr, Bullock; got by Woodpecker, son of Herod: dam Misfortune by Dux, son of Matchem by Cade, son of Godolphin Arabian ; 2d dam Curiosity by Ixxx THE HORSES OF AMERICA Snap, son of Snip, by Flying Childers ; 3d dam by Regulus, son of Godolphin Arabian ; 4th dam by Bartlet's Childers, full brother to Flying Childers; 5th dam by Honeywood's Arabian; 6th dam the dam of the two True Blues. Buzzard was imported to Virginia about 1804 by John Hoomes, and soon after taken to Kentucky by Benja- min Graves, where he was kept until his death in 181 1. Whip, bay, 152/4 hands; foaled 1794; bred by Mr. Durand; got by Saltram, son- of Eclipse: dam by King Herod, son of Tartar by Partner, son of Fox, by Clumsy, son of Hautboy, by D'Arcy's White Turk — Oroonoko — Cartouch — son of Seabright's Arabian, Whip is said to have been a horse of great strength and beaut}', which qualities he impressed to a remarkable degree upon his descendants. He was imported about 1801 to Virginia, and owned at one time, if not imported, by Captain Richard Bland. Died in Kentucky, 1825. The very noted racehorse. Hickory, brown, 15^ hands, foaled 1804; dam Dido by imported Dare Devil; 2nd dam by imported Clockfastwas a son of his. Sir Walter, chestnut, 15)4^ hands, foaled 1 8 16; dam Nettletop by imported Diomed, 2nd dam by imported Shark, 3d dam by Lindsay's Arabian ; was a son of Hickory. Sir Walter went to the Province of Quebec, Canada, where he ran races and was used as a stock horse, many of his get being kept as stal- lions. Moscow, the third horse to trot in 2:30 (1840), was by a son of his. Tacony, the ninth horse to trot in 2 130, was also by a son of his. And Highland Maid, 2 127, the eleventh horse to trot in 2 130, was by a son of Blackburn's Whip: dam by a son of Hickory. Cook's or Blackburn's Whip, bred in Virginia, which went to Kentucky, was also a son of imported Whip. Of this last a corre- spondent in Kentucky writes to the American Turf Register: " Cook's or Blackburn's Whip was the favorite horse in Ken- tucky for fifteen or twenty }^ears ; went to nearly all our best mares; was a uniform winner at one and two miles; of great speed and incomparable beauty. His stock was of the best. He was got by imported Whip : dam Speckleback by Randolph's Celer, son of Mead's Celer; 2d dam by Mead's Celer, son of imported Janus." INTO MARYLAND. The importations into Maryland were among the first and include some of the best imported horses: Spark said to be by Aleppo, son of the Darley Arabian : dam by Bartlet's Childers ; 2d dam by old Spark, son of Honeycomb OTHELLO Ixxxi Punch; 3d dam by Rutland Concyskins, out of Swectlips ; imported about 1746 by Governor Ogle of Maryland, presented to him by Lord Baltimore, who received him as a gift from TVcdcrick the Prince of Wales. Othello one of the best stallions of his day in America. Othello is advertised in the "Maryland Gazette," in 1756, as follows : " In the hands of John Pearson, at Colonel Tasker's plantation, in Prince George's County, a beautiful black horse, full fifteen hands high, and will cover mares this season at four guineas. The dam of this horse was bred by the Duke of Somerset, and got by the Hamp- ton Court Childers. His sire was my Lord Portmore's Crab, sire of Oronoko, Sloe, Black-and-all-Black, and many other stallions now in great repute." It will be perceived that the horse in this advertisement has no name, which would indicate that he was young and not then named. The next two seasons he is advertised under the name of Othello, in the same paper, to stand at the same place, in the same hands; but the pedigree is omitted. The statement that Lord Portmore's Crab was the sire of Oronoko, Sloe and Black-and-all-Black, would appear to be a mistake, as it was his sire. Cotton's or Panton's Crab, that got these horses ; or it is possible that at some time this last Crab was owned by Lord Portmore. Othello is advertised again in the "Maryland Gazette," 1766, as follows : "The horse Othello, that was bred by Colonel Tasker, and by him sold into Virginia, is now at Whitehall, on the north side of the Severn river in Anne Arundel County, and will cover mares this season at four guineas, and five shillings to the groom, the money to be paid before the mares are taken away. Robert Gay." He is advertised the next year, by Mr. Gay, to stand near Annapolis at the same terms. The last advertisement that appears of him is in the same paper, 1770, as follows: "The horse Othello, that was bred by Colonel Tasker, will cover this season at Whitehall. Four guineas each mare, and a dollar to groom." Edgar, Bruce and Wallace all confound Tasker's Othello with English Othello, also called Black-and-all-Black, foaled 1743, bred by Lord Portmore and got by Crab son of Alcock Arabian. From the above information it would seem quite probable that Colonel Tasker purchased Queen Mab of her breeder, his Majesty's Ixxxii THE HORSES OF AMERICA groom, Thomas Smith, in England. It would appear, too, that Miss Colville was the dam of Queen Mab and whether imported by Col- onel Tasker or not, was owned by him in 1755. It would also appear that Miss Colville was the dam of Othello, and that Othello was probably foaled in 1752. As in the first advertisement of Othello when at Colonel Tasker's plantation in 1756, when Colonel Tasker was alive, it is not stated that he was imported, and as later advertisements of him after Colonel Tasker's death state that he was bred by Colonel Tasker, it would seem probable that Othello was bred by Colonel Tasker, possibly in England before importation of his dam, but perhaps more probably in America. Herbert, in his tabulations, gives Othello by imported Crab, son of Crab. Both Edgar and Herbert mention Routh's Crab, gray, foaled 1736, as having been imported about 1746, and having died in Virginia in 1750. Herbert says of him: "One of the oldest and finest of the old English thoroughbreds." Possibly he may have been owned at one time by Lord Portmore. OTHELLO'S ])A^L It will be noticed that the first advertisement of Tasker's Othello states that his dam was bred by the Duke of Somerset and got by the Hampton Court Childers. In the American Turf Register Vol. VI., pages 207-208, under the heading "Pedigrees of Horses of the Olden Times" the following information is published : Dear Sir: — In looking over some old papers of my father's a few days since, I accidentally found the following pedigree, which may perhaps be of some use to the sporting world, as I do not find either of them in your magazine. John M. Garnet." Old Spark was got by Aleppo, son of the Darley Arabian (sire of Childers) ; his dam was full sister to Squire Bathurst's Look- about-you ; she was got by Bartlet's Childers ; her dam by old Spark ; her grandam by the Rutland Coneyskins, out of Sweetlips. " Queen Mab was got by Musgrove's Gray Arabian ; her dam by the Hampton Court Childers ; her grandam by Governor Harri- son's Arabian ; her great-grandam by the Chestnut Arabian ; her great-great-grandam was a Leedes ; her great-great-great-grandam was a bay mare brought over by Mr. Marshall, and was the dam of Mr. Croft's Grayhound. "The above pedigrees of old Spark and Queen Mab I have now by me from under the hands of their breeders. May 20, 1758. Benj. Tasker, Jr. OTJIKJ.LO Ixxxiii "Mille, the fill}' I sold Mr. Sprif,r^^ was got by Old Spark, and her dam Oueen Mab. l^KNJ. Taskkr, Jr." "Ouccn Mab had but two foals after she came to America. The first was Pacolet, that Colonel Tasker ran several times in Virginia; the second was Mille, which my father bought at six months okl, on the death of Queen Mab. Colonel Tasker never was possessed of any of the produce from Mille; he had many from old Spark. ' RiCllARD Sl'RKiO." The following advertisement appears in the " Maryland Gazette," 1761 : "To be sold at public auction, pursuant to the testament of the Hon. Benj. Tasker, deceased. May 21, 1761, at Bellaire, near Queen Anne, the noted bay mare called Selima, four of her foals, the breeding mare of the late Governor Ogle, and their increase, in all thirty. Robert Carter." From this last advertisement it w^ould appear that Selima im- ported by Governor Ogle passed to Benjamin Tasker. It becomes, too, very evident from all of above information that the dam of Othello was the dam of Queen Mab. And it is very probable that she was imported at the same time as Queen Mab and that all after the death of Governor Ogle passed to Colonel Tasker. In several contemporaneous advertisements it is stated that the dam of Queen Mab was Miss Caldwell. On page 115 of the General Stud Book a Leedes Mare is recorded, got by Leedes from a Moonah Barb Mare. This mare in 1 72 1 has a filly by the Hampton Court, Chestnut Arabian and this filly was probably the third dam of Queen Mab. Edgar records Spark as imported by Governor Ogle ; got by Honeycomb Punch : dam Wilkes' old Mare called Miss Colville, also imported into America by the late Col. Colville, of Virginia, and got by old Hautboy : dam by Brimmer. It does not appear in what part of Virginia the Colonel lived. Bruce, as usual, copies Edgar, but without credit, and adds that the pedigree cannot be authenticated from the English Stud Book. He also says that Miss Colville is said to have been the dam of Spark. Under this mare (Vol. I., page 109), Bruce enters for produce a filly by imported Spark, and 1756 the colt Young Traveler by Morton's imported Traveler. The record of this horse Young Traveler is from an advertise- ment in the Maryland Gazette of April 2, 1761, as follows: Ixxxiv THE HORSES OF AMERICA "Young Traveler is five years old, i6 hands i inch high, to stand at Mr. Rogers' at two guineas. He was bred by Col. Tasker; got by Morton's Traveler, dam Miss Colville." This advertisement shows that Colonel Tasker owned Miss Colville in 1755. Lord Portmore's Crab is thus registered in the English " General Stud Book": "Crab (Duke of Cumberland's), gray, foaled 1744, bred by Lord Portmore ; got by Crab : dam Fox Mare (sister to Slipby), bred by Lord Portmore in 1740; her dam Gypsy, black, foaled 1725, (bred by Duke of Bolton), by Bay Bolton — Duke of Newcastle's Turk — Byerley Turk — Taffolet Barb — Place's White Turk— Barb Mare. Crab was gray; foaled 1722; bred by Mr. Cotton and Mr. Panton; got by the Alcock Arabian : dam, sister to Soreheels, by Basto, son of Byerley Turk; second dam, sister to Mixbury, by Curwen's Bay Barb ; third dam a daughter of old Spot, by the Sellaby Turk; fourth dam a daughter of the White-legged [Lowther Barb; fifth dam old Vintner Mare. Died Christmas, 1750. Basto's dam was Bald Peg, by Leedes' Arabian ; second dam Young Bald Peg, also by Leedes' Arabian; third dam. Spanker's dam, the old Morocco Mare, by Morocco Barb ; fourth dam old Bald Peg, by an Arabian ; fifth dam a Barb Mare. Basto died 1723. Fox was by Clumsy, son of Hautboy. Hautboy was bred by the D'Arcy family and got by D'Arcy White Turk, out of a Royal Mare, a Barb. Dam of Fox, Bay Peg, given above. Dam of Clumsy, Miss D'Arcy 's Pet ]\Iare by Sedbury; second dam, a Royal Mare. Bay Bolton was foaled 1705, got by Gray Hautboy, son of Hautboy: dam by Makeless, son of Oglethorpe's Arabian ; second dam by Brimmer, son of the D'Arcy Yellovv^ Turk; third dam by Dia- mond, out of a sister to the dam of old Merlin. The dams of Gray Hautboy and of Makeless are unknown. The Taffolet Barb stood in England in the time of Charles H. (1660-1685). Place's White Turk was owned by Mr, Place, studmaster to Oliver Cromwell, when Protector (1653-1658). The Byerley Turk was Captain Byerley's charger in Ireland in King William's wars (1689, etc.) Curwen's Bay Barb was a present to Louis XIV. from Muley Ismael, King of Morocco, and was brought into England by Mr. Curwen, who being in France procured from Count Byram and Count Toulouse, natural sons of Louis XIV. , two Barb horses, both of which proved excellent stallions and are well known by the names of Cur- wen's Bay Barb and the Toulouse Barb. Mixbury was a small horse OT/IELLO Ixxxv not over thirteen and one-half hands, but not more than two horses of his time could beat him at hght weights. The Marshall or Sel- laby Turk was the property of Mr. Marshall's brother, studmaster to King William, Queen Anne and King George I. He was purchased in Barbary and brought to England by Mr. Marshall.* Hampton Court Childers was bred by the Duke of Devonshire; got by Childers: dam Duchess by the Newcastle Turk; second dam Gray Royal, bred at Hampton Court or Sedbury, got by D'Arcy White Turk; third dam a Royal mare by D'Arcy Yellow Turk. Childers (also called Flying or Devonshire Childers) was bay with blaze and four white feet; foaled 1716; bred by Mr. Childers, and got by the Darley Arabian : dam Betty Leedes, by Careless, son of Spanker, by D'Arcy Yellow Turk, and from a Barb Mare ; second dam, sister to Leedes, by Leedes' Arabian; third dam a daughter of Spanker; fourth dam, Spanker's dam, a Barb. The General Stud Book says: "Generally supposed to have been the fleetest horse ever trained in this or any other country. He gave Fox twelve pounds over the course and beat him one quarter of a mile, in a trial." Careless ran at Newmarket in 1698, then owned by Lord Whar- ton. He was at one time owned by Mr. Leedes. The Darley Arabian was brought over by a brother of Mr. Darley, of Yorkshire, who, being an agent in merchandise abroad, became a member of a hunting club, by which means he acquired interest to procure this horse. The Godolphin Arabian was a brown bay, with some white on the off hind heel ; about fifteen hands. He is said to have been presented to Louis XV in 173 1, by the Bey of Tunis together with seven other Barbary steeds, on the consumma- tion of a treaty of commerce. Louis being more interested in large horses was indifferent to these and this one was sold and used as a cart horse in Paris, where he was purchased by Mr. Coke, an Englishman, who brought him to England, and gave him to Lord Godolphin. He died in Cambridgeshire, in the posses- sion of Lord Godolphin, in, 1753, supposed to be in his twenty-ninth year. The General Stud Book says: "It is remarkable that there is not a superior horse now on the turf without a cross of the Godolphin Arabian, neither has there been for many years past." Sidney's Book of the Horse, says : " Of the pedigrees of cele- brated race horses, carried back to the commencement of the eighteenth century, one may safely say that nearly all go back to the * Sidney's Book of the Horse, pp. 51-2. Ixxxvi THE HORSES OF AMERICA Darley Arabian (171 5), or the Godolphin Barb (1724), or both." It will be seen that Edgar was badly mixed concerning both Spark and Miss Caldwell, or Colville. He records Spark as by Honeycomb Punch, dam Wilkes' old Hautboy Mare, and imported by Governor Ogle. An old Hautboy Mare is recorded on page 1 1 of the General Stud Book, and among her produce a colt foaled in 1707, and another as late as 17 13. The General Stud Book is quite economical as to dates in speaking of the older horses, but says of Honeycomb Punch that he was got by the Taffolet or Morocco Barb, and won at Newmarket in 1699 as Sir George Warburton's. The whole history of the Taffolet or Morocco Barb in this book is comprised in his two names. But it is evident that Spark by Honeycomb Punch must have been foaled in the early part of the eighteenth century, probably before 17 10. Not this Spark, but Spark by Aleppo, was imported to America; and not Miss Caldwell or Colville, the dam of Queen Mab was the dam of Spark by Aleppo, but some other mare by Bartlet's Childers. For the second dam of Queen Mab was by the Chestnut Arabian, but the second dam of Spark was by old Spark; and third dam by the Rutland Coneyskins out of Sweetlips. The Rutland Coneyskins is recorded, page 379, Vol. I. of the Gen- eral Stud Book, as foaled 171 2; got by Lister Turk: dam by Jigg. The only Sweetlips recorded is by Cade and was foaled 1742, Bruce says that both of the Sparks were imported ; one by Governor Ogle, the other by Benjamin Tasker, and makes Sweetlips by Cade the fourth dam of Spark by Aleppo (foaled 1791). That is he gives as the fourth dam of a horse, foaled 1740 or before, a mare foaled 1742, which is not at all probable. Indeed Edgar has got all of these earlier Maryland pedigrees badly mixed, but Bruce a good deal worse, and this remark will include that of the very celebrated mare imported Selima, as will be shown hereafter. As appears in the above certficate of Benjamin Tasker Jr. Spark by Aleppo was imported ; nor has the slightest evidence ever been produced to show that any other Spark was ever imported. It is generally understood that this Spark was imported by Governor Ogle to whom he was presented by Lord Baltimore, who received him as a present from Frederick Prince of Wales. Samuel Ogle was governor of Maryland 1737-42, and from 1746 to his death, 175 I. He had previously held office in Ireland. True Briton, bay, got by Othello, was in his day one of the most famous race horses in America, as was also Selim another son of OTJIRLLO Ixxxvii Othello. An advertisement of True Briton in the Maryland Gazette of March 26, 1761, gives further information concerning these pedi- grees as follows : "True Briton, a fine strong horse, four years old, fifteen hands high, belonging to Thomas Garnett, Jr., in Prince George's county, goes to mares at two guineas the season ; he was got by Colonel Tasker's Othello, and came of Mille, got by old Spark, and full sister to Colonel Hopper's Pacolct ; her dam was Queen Mab, got by Mu.s- grove's Gray Arabian, a most beautiful horse, for which he refused 500 guineas, and that stood at ten guineas ; her dam by the Hampton Court Childers; her grandam by Governor Harrison's Arabian ; her great-grandam by the chestnut Arabian ; her great-great-grandam by Leedes ; her great-great-great-grandam was a Barb, brought over by Mr. Marshall, and was the dam of Mr. Croft's Greyhound. "The above pedigree Colonel Tasker had from under the hand of Thomas Smith, his late majesty's stud-groom at Hampton Court, who bred Queen Mab." True Briton was owned in 1763 by Anthony Waters, who that season challenged any horse on the continent to run against him for i^iooo. The challenge was finally accepted, 1765, by the owners of Selim, also a son of Othello; Selim won the race, True Briton win- ning the first heat by a neck. The repute in which these two sons of Othello were held for speed is shown in the following notice in the " Pennsylvania Gazette" of March, 1765. "Chester Town Races. "To be run for on the second Wednesday in May next, near the town, a purse of forty pistoles, free for any number of horses, mares or geldings (Mr. Samuel Galloway's horse, Selim, and Mr. Waters' horse, Briton, only excepted) : upon the following terms, etc. Julius Porter." Samuel Galloway lived in Cecil County, Maryland. Bruce gives under Mille: Produce — colt, Merry Andrew, by imported Othello. filly, by imported Othello (grandam of Careless). bay colt, Liberty, by imported Dove. filly, Molly Pacolet, by imported Pacolet. 1754, bay colt. True Briton, by imported Othello. 1 76 1, gray filly, Britannia, by imported Othello. We can add : 1770, chestnut colt, Traveler, by Othello. (From an advertisement of Traveler in New Jersey 1778-9.) Ixxxviii THE HORSES OF AMERICA The date 1754 should read 1757. Liberty was foaled 1766. Nothing appears of Merry Andrew. Edgar says of Liberty: "A fine bay horse fifteen and one-fourth hands, very lengthy and strong, and allowed by all good judges to be as handsome a horse as any in America. He stood at Colts-neck, Monmouth county, New Jersey, at the stables of John Van Mater, at forty-one dollars the season, the money to be paid at the stable door." There is no description of Molly Pacolet. Bruce says that she produced in 1782 the chestnut colt Whistle Jacket, by imported Badger, and also, years not given, the brown colt Koulikhan, by Bajazet ; St. Patrick, by imported Granby, and a filly by Galloway's Selim. An advertisement of Koulikhan, in the " New Jersey Gazette," 1784, describes him as bay with star, fifteen hands, foaled 1776, bred by Jacob Heiltzheimer, Philadelphia. In this advertisement the dam is called Molly Pitcher ; second dam by imported Spark, and third dam Queen Mab. Dove, gray, 15)^ hands; foaled 1756; bred by Thomas Jackson, Sr., North of England ; got by Young Cade, son of Cade, by Godol- phin Arabian: dam by Teaser, son of Bolton Starling; 2d dam by Seawing Arabian ; 3d dam Gardner Mare, that won six royal plates of 100 guineas each, by Bridgewater's horse — Commoner — Make- less — Wormwood. Dove was imported by Dr. Thomas Hamilton, of Prince George County, Md., November, 1761. Sold to Henry W. Pearce. Ran successfully at Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1760. He was started in a few races in 1763 with indifferent success, but his get were quite numerous and many of them very speedy with game and bottom. Among his best were Thistle, Primrose, Regulus, the grandam of Hall's Union, and Nonpareil, the latter a first class four-miler when young and never was beaten until he met Lath at Philadelphia. Figure, bay, 1 5 ^ hands ; said to be by old Figure, son of Bel- grade Turk : dam Mariamne by Partner; 2d dam by Bald Galloway. Pedigree as given by owners, and furnished the American Farmer, 1828. Imported 1765 by Dr. Thomas Hamilton, who imported Dove. Sold to Nathaniel Head and went to New Jersey, 177-. He ran several successful races in this country, and is said to have been an exceedingly handsome and well formed horse. He got Gray Figure, Rochester, Brown Figure, Harmony, Mr. Gibson's Cub mare and the dam of Hall's Union, all good runners. A correspondent in the Turf Magazine states that Figure was bred in the north of England ; and, like many thoroughbred horses of that locality, does, not appear in the General Stud Book. FLIMNAP Ixxxix Badger, gray, said to be by Bospliorus, son of Babraham by Godolphin Arabian: dam by Black-and-all-]^lack, son of Crab, and 2d dam by Flying Childers. Imported by Governor Eden of Mary- land, who began his administration in 1769. Advertised in the Vir- ginia Gazette, 1777, to be kept in Northampton County, N, C. Cardinal Puff (Young Puff), bay, 1 5 ^ hands ; bred by Lord Grosvenor; foaled 1782; got by Cardinal Puff, son of Babraham, by Godolphin Arabian: dam by Bandy; 2d dam by Matchem. Imported 1786, by Samuel Harrison of Anne Arundel County, Md., and advertised in the Maryland Gazette, 1787, with pedigree as above. Cardinal Puff has become a factor in the American road and trotting horse, through Gifford Morgan, who appears in the pedigrees of such stallions as Golddust, Kentucky Prince, Kirkwood, etc., and whose dam was by Henry Dundas, son of Cardinal Woolsey, by Cardinal Puff. INTO SOUTH CAROLINA. Between 1748 and 1768, many importations of thoroughbreds, were made to South Carolina. Cade, a very popular stallion, came in 1762, when five years old. He was by Cade, son of Godolphin Arabian, dam by Wormwood, son of King Herod. In the same year Pharaoh was brought over and kept several seasons at Ashley Ferry. He was bay, of good size and remarkable action ; foaled 1753; got by Moses, son of Chedworth's Foxhunter, by Cole's Foxhunter, son of Brisk (probably Brisk foaled 171 1 by Darley Arabian) : dam by Godolphin Arabian. In 1767 Abdallah, a horse of repute as a sire of style and beauty but not of race horses, was brought to Beaufort, S. C, from Gibraltar. The next year, 1768, Moro, a well bred horse and progenitor of a family that contributed largely to the im- provement of horses in the South, arrived. It was said that the agent who bought and imported Moro came very near securing for America the celebrated P^clipse. Flimnap, bay, 14 hands and half an inch high; foaled 1765; bred by Sir J. Moore; got by South, son of Regulus, by Godolphin Arabian : dam by Cygnet, son of Godolphin Arabian ; was imported to South Carolina about the beginning of the Revolution. He was a very excellent and popular stallion. It is related that when the British cavalry, commanded by Col. Tarlton, had overrun that State, diligent search was made for Flimnap ; but his groom, a faithful slave of his owner (Major Isaac Harleston, then in the Continental army under General Green), succeeded in bafifling them by secreting xc THE HORSES OF AMERICA him in swamps until the search was considered hopeless, and the trusty negro conveyed him to North Carolina, where he remained until South Carolina was rid of the invaders. INTO NEV^ YORK. Wildair, a famous bay thoroughbred, foaled in 1753, bred in Eng- land by Mr. Swinburne, was imported with the Cub Mare by Capt. James De Lancey of New York, in 1764. He was landed in Baltimore consigned to Mr. Sims, but soon went to New York. Such was his reputation that he was repurchased in 1773, and sent back to England, where his service fee was 40 guineas. Wildair was got by Cade : dam by Steady, foaled 1720, son of Devonshire Flying Childers; second dam by Partner; third dam by Grayhound ; fourth dam Chestnut Layton, by Makeless ; fifth dam Bay Layton, by Counselor ; sixth dam by Brimmer; seventh dam by Place's White Turk; eighth dam by Dodsworth, and ninth dam, the Layton Barb Mare. Cade was bred and owned by Lord Godolphin and got by the Godolphin Arabian: dam Roxana, by Bald Galloway; second dam, sister to Chanter, by Ancaster Turk ; third dam by Leedes' Arabian, and fourth dam by Spanker, son of the Darcy Yellow Turk. Steady was gray ; foaled 1733; bred by Duke of Devonshire: dam Miss Belvoir, by Gray Grantham, son of the Brownlow Turk ; second dam by Paget Turk ; third dam Betty Percival, by Leedes' Arabian ; fourth dam by Spanker. Partner (Croft's) was foaled 171 8; bred by Mr. Pelham ; got by Jigg, son of the Byerley Turk : dam, sister to Mixbury, by Curwen's Bay Barb. Grayhound was bred in Barbary, after which both his sire and dam were purchased and brought into England b}' ^Ir. Marshall. He was got by King William's White Barb, Chillaby, out of Slugey, a natural Barb mare. Brimmer was bred by the Darcy Family and got by the Yellow Turk: dam a Royal mare. Place's White Turk was the property of Mr. Place, stud-master to Oliver Cromwell when Protector, and was sire of Wormwood, Commoner, and the great-grandam of Windham, Gray Ramsden and Cartouch. Dodsworth, though foaled in England, was a natural Barb. His dam a Barb mare, was imported in the time of Charles the Second (1660-1685), and was called a Royal mare. ^^^li— ^ . Hlf ■ 1 ^<. o S2 1^ S WILDAIR xci The Godolphin Arabian was a brown bay, about fifteen hands high with some white on the off hind heel. He was imported from France in 1730 by Mr. Coke, and passed from him to Lord Godol- phin. He died at Cambridgeshire in the possession of Lord Godol- phin in 1753, being then supposed to be in his twenty-ninth year. The General Stud Book says: "It is remarkable that there is not a superior horse now on the turf without a cross of the Godolphin Arabian, neither has there been for many years past." The General Stud Book records Bald Galloway as bred by Cap- tain Ryder and got by St. Victor Barb : dam by old Whynot son of the Fen wick Barb ; second dam a Royal mare. Spanker was bay, bred by the Duke of Buckingham ; got by Darcy Yellow Turk : dam Old Peg, bred by Lord Fairfax, got by his Morocco Barb; 2d dam Old Bald Peg, by an Arabian; 3d dam a Barb mare. He was sometimes called Mr. Pelham's Bay Arabian, and is said to have been an excellent horse. Jigg, by the Byerly Turk, was a common country stallion in Lincolnshire until Partner was six years old. Byerly Turk was Captain Byerly's charger m Ireland in King William's wars (1689, etc.). From Wildair, the improved New England blood is very largely descended; not only through the Morgan stock, the most renowned of all bred in New England, but from numerous sons and grandsons, as advertisements from old newspaper files abundantly show. ( See Wildair advertisements in Vermont, Connecticut and New York chap- ters ; which advertisements serve not only to show the popularity of the Wildair breed, but will also illustrate the very large number of thoroughbred or part-bred stallions that came into use all over this country from shortly before and after the Revolution ; and indeed, perhaps especially in the South, through the beginning of the present century, as late as 1820 or 1830). Among the very noted get of Wildair, was an inbred son known as Hooker's Wildair, very highly spoken of in the advertise- ments of the Wildair stock, He got Diamond, bred at East Hart- ford, Conn., a daughter of which was the dam of the original Justin Morgan. Rainbow, a son of his, is supposed to have got the 2d dam of Lady Suffolk, who first trotted in 2:30 (July 4, 1843), and is one of the most renowned of all American trotters. Among other of the noted get of Wildair were Slamerkin, dam, the Cub Mare, imported with Wildair ; Sim's Wildair, and the racing mare Sultana, This mare Slamerkin figures very extensively in the breeding of the American xcii THE HORSES OF AMERICA trotter, as crossed to Whirligig she produced the grandam of Mam- brino, grandsire of Rysdyk's Hambletonian. In 1768, Lath, a bay horse, 151^ hands; foaled 1763; got by Shepherd's Crab: dam by Lath, son of Godolphin Arabian; 2d dam by Childers ; was also imported to New York by Capt. James De Lancey. Lath was a first-class race horse after landing in this country, having won in 1768 the ^50 weight for age plate at New Market on Long Island; in 1769 the Jockey Club purse of ^100 at Philadelphia, beating the then best running horses of that State and from Maryland; in 1770 the i^ioo plate at the same place, and in 1 77 1 the i^ioo plate at New Market, and was never beaten but once, when he was out of condition. He was retired to the stud in 1773 by his owner, Mr. De Lancey, and in 1779 he was advertised by Mr. Thomas Goode in Chesterfield County, Va. The statement in the General Stud Book that Lath was the colt Protector, foaled 1 763, dam Crazy, by Lath, is not true. Pro- tector ran in England in 1770. Lath ran in .America and won in 1768-70-71, and was beaten in 1772, after which he was kept for stock. The advertisement of Lath in 1773, when he was owned by De Lancey, and so again his advertisement, by Mr. Goode, in the Virginia Gazette, 1779, states that his dam was by Lath; 2d dam by Childers; 3d dam by Makeless ; 4th dam a full sister of Honey- comb Punch, by the Taffolet Barb ; 5th dam a natural Barb mare. De Lancey gave pedigrees very accurately, and this is undoubtedly correct. It is also stated in this pedigree that the grandam of Lath was the grandam of Weasel and of Colonel Tasker's Selima, which, too, is undoubtedly correct, and refers to the Fox Mare ; dam Old Polly, by Flying Childers, that appears on page 88, Vol. I., of the General Stud Book. True Briton or Beautiful Bay, 15 to 15^ hands; imported by Captain James De Lancey of New York, importer, as above, of Wild- air and Lath, and also importer of the very celebrated Cub Mare. Captain De Lancey gave True Briton to his uncle. General Oliver De Lancey, who gave him to his nephew, James De Lancey, colonel of the Westchester Light Horse in the English army, from whom he was captured in the fall of 1779 by American scouts, who rode him into the American lines at White Plains, and soon afterward sold him to Joseph Ward, a merchant of Hartford, Conn., for £60. Ward kept him several years as a saddle and carriage horse and then traded him to Selah Norton of East Hartford, who used him in the stud and let him for stud service. TRUE BRITON xciii Advertised 1784 at Landlord Miles I'ovvell, Jr., Lanesboro, Conn.; 1785 b)' Justin Morgan, at his stable in West Springfield, Mass. ; 1788 and 1789 by John Morgan, at his stable in Springfield, Mass.; 1791 by Selah Norton, at East Hartford, Conn., but on June 6th notice published that he will not do service there; 1793, at stable of Landlord White, South Hadley, Mass. He was sire of the original Justin Morgan horse. Mention of True Briton appears on page 26 of this book under Morton's Traveler, where reference is made to a letter giving his history, written for Volume H. of the American Morgan Register, by Mr. Edward F. De Lancey, now residing in New York, and a grand- nephew of Gov. James De Lancey. The letter with introduction is as follows : The following exceedingly interesting letter from Mr. PMward F. De Lancey, a grand-nephew of James DeLancey, and a gentleman now eighty- two years old, whose memory closely connects him with those living at the time that the events which he relates took place, is by far the best information ever published of the sire of Justin Morgan, Col. James De Lancey's war horse. True Briton ; being the history of the horse as handed down in the family most interested, and who had the fullest knowledge of the facts. 20 East Twenty-eighth Street, New Y(jrk City. Joseph Battell, Esq., July 3, 1899. Dear Sir : — Since my brief note of the 21st of June last I have seen the first volume of your "Register of Morgan Horses" at the New York Histor- ical Society, of the executive committee of which I am chairman, and its domestic corresponding secretary. I regret that I did not know of your "Register, Vol. I." nor 01 your presence in this city when you were compiling it, for I could have saved you from some of the errors as to the famous horse True Briton and his original New York owners — errors which have appeared in different books and papers before your work, having been generally copied by one writer from another, with or without acknowledgement. Without attempting to correct those errors seriatim, I shall give you the facts as to the latter, and the ownership of True Briton, and how the horse was stolen from Col. James De Lancey of Westchester. Mr. J. Fennimore Cooper, the novelist whom you refer to, was my uncle by marriage, whom I knew well from my earliest infancy till his death in Sep- tember, 1 85 1, at which time I was a married man of thirty years. His wife, Susan Augusta, was the second daughter, who lived to maturity, of my grand- father, Mr. John Peter De Lancey, of Heathcote Hill, Mamaroneck, West- chester County, New York, and a sister of my father, the late Rt. Rev. William Heathcote De Lancey, the first Bishop of Western New York. Mr. Cooper's letter, reprinted in your first volume of the "Register," which I knew of, contains a few errors, the natural result of his always writing letters to inquirers generally ci/rrente calamo, off-hand, as it were, and thus making mistakes without intending to do so. It would make this letter too long now xciv THE HORSES OF AMERICA to go into their correction, although not many, but I will state the real facts as they were known in the family. My grandfather, John Peter De Lancey's eldest brother, was James De Lancey, the political leader of the Colony of New York on the Conservative side almost from the death of their father, Chief Justice, and later Governor, James De Lancey, who died at the head of the Province in July, 1760. James, the son, is always named in the Assembly Journals of New York up to the end of the Provincial rule, during all which time he was his party's leader, as "Captain" James De Lancey (a title from having served in his youth as a captain in the Provincial service in the old French war) to distinguish him from his first cousin of the same Christian name, who was one of the sons of his uncle, Peter De Lancey, of West Farms, Westchester County, New York, and his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of C Governor Cadwallader Colden. This last named James De Lancey was the Colonel of the Westchester Light Horse during the Revolution, and the officer from whom the famous horse "True Briton," or "Beautiful Bay" was stolen in October, 1780. Captain James De Lancey was a very influential man in his day, and a rich one, having inherited the very large estate of his father, the Governor, who died intestate. His wife and the wife of Governor John Penn of Pennsylvania were sisters, daughters of Chief Justice William Allen of that Province. He it was who imported so many blooded horses from England between 1760 and 1775, in the old colony days of New York. He was in the habit, having many near relatives there, of going to England on visits every year or two, and he always sent out to New York fine blooded horses, mares, and other kinds of live stock, on these occasions. He possessed the great Bowery Farm of his father, the Governor, on Manhattan Island, of about 230 acres, with the fine large house which the latter built, and where he. died. On this farm (now far below the heart of New York City) James De Lancey (the Captain) laid out a half-mile track, with the requisite stables, paddocks, and outbuildings, for his own private use solely. Here he kept his horses and mares and had them trained until the time of the Revolution. \\\ March, 1775, public affairs looking very threatening, he decided to sell a large part of his racing stock, and did so in the spring. In the autumn of the same year he disposed of the remainder, the advertisements of these sales filling large portions of the papers of the day. Later he returned to England, and his name being put in the Confiscation Act of New York in 1777, and his estate forfeited, and a fine put upon his head, together with those of the fifty or more others named in the Act, he and his wife and chil- dren remained in England, where he died at his residence in the city of Bath in 1 80 1, and was buried in Walcot Church in that city, where can be seen his mural monument. This James 1 )e Lancey was the original owner of True Briton, a horse which was one of his importations from England. . He was a bright bay, about fifteen hands in height, very active, and as gentle as he was active. In 1772 or 1773 Mr. De Lancey presented him to his uncle, his father's youngest brother, Oliver De Lancey, Colonel in Chief, as it was then termed, of the Colony Forces, the then designation of the Provincial Militia of the Colony of New York, for his personal use, being a very fine riding animal. His new owner was a man rising fifty years of age. He had a beautiful place of many acres, called Bloomingdale, on the North River, a name the locality still retains. He used him as a saddle horse, though a large man, rising six feet in height. This was the Oliver De Lancey who upon the outbreak of hostilities was appointed the Senior Brigadier-General of the Provincial forces of New York, of which he had been, for some years preceding, the Colonel-in-Chief, as its TRUE BRITON xcv commander was then styled, and placed in command of 1-ong Island ; a com- mand he retained during the whole war, and who is known in history as lirig- adier-General Oliver I)e Lancey. He was also included in the Confiscation Act of 1777, and a price put upon his head, with those of the others therein named. At the close of the war he went to JOngland with his family, and took up his residence in Yorkshire, at the city of lieverley, where he died in the autumn of 1785, and lies buried in the north transept of the cathedral at that place, where his monument is to be seen to-day. Brigadier-General Ue Lancey gave True Briton to his nephew, the Colonel James De Lancey of Westchester, mentioned in the beginning of the letter. This nephew was a very active and skilled horseman, as well as a man noted for his boldness and determination. For many years he had been "High Sheriff," as the term then was, of Westchester County, and Captain of the County "Troop of Horse" in its militia. When the war broke out a Provin- cial County Regiment of Cavalry was formed, styled the Westchester County Light Horse, and James De Lancey, Captain of the old County Troop, was made its Colonel, and hence is known in history as Colonel James De Lancey. His uncle, Brigadier-Cieneral Oliver De Lancey (who never was in command in Westchester County), then presented to him True Briton as the best horse he knew of for his purpose, he himself being then too old and heavy to engage in cavalry expeditions, or raids, as now termed. This was late in 1775 or early in 1776. This Colonel James De Lancey of the Westchester Light Horse owned and used True Briton thenceforward during all his military operations in West- chester (for his regiment never served outside of that county and New York Island) until he was stolen from him in October, 1780, and carried off to Connecticut. The real story of the theft is this, though many and different stories have been printed and told with little basis of facts, both at the time and since. The West Farms estate and house on the Bronx, the larger part of which estate now forms the lately erected Bronx Park and Zoological Gardens in New York City, belonged to Mr. Peter De Lancey, the father of Colonel James De Lancey of Westchester above named, who had died a few years before the Revolution. At that time it was occupied by his widow, Elizabeth, daughter of Governor Colden above mentioned, and was the honie of herself. Colonel James and his other unmarried brothers and sisters. There INIrs. De Lancey dwelt till her death soon after the Revolution. At this home, when- ever the exigencies of military duty permitted. Colonel James De Lancey was in the habit of visiting his mother, it being a comparatively short ride from any part of the territory under his command. On one of these visits he rode over on True Briton from his camp, then at Kingsbridge, about the middle of October, 1780. "Rosehill," as Mrs. De Lancey's place was called, stood on high ground overlooking the Bronx river, and its valley, and on its left bank. The approach to the house from the right bank was across a bridge over the river below, and up a drive or roadway to the house, which stood a little back in shaded grounds. The Colonel, on his arrival, fastened his horse near the house, for in those war days he always kept him close at hand when away from camp. He had been some time in the house, when the quick sound of hoofs was heard, and looking out of the window he saw a man riding his horse rapidly towards the bridge. He and his servants with the horses in the stables tried hard to overtake the thief, but in vain. True Briton's speed and bottom were too great, and the daring rider got off with the horse in safety, carried him into Connecticut, and sold him for his own benefit. Who this man was is not now known, as xcvl THE HORSES OF AMERICA the deed, both at the time and since, has been ascribed to several men. He undoubtedly was one of those marauders so notorious at that day living between the lines, who robbed either side as they got a chance. This, Mr. Battell, is the account of True Briton's origin, his owners, and himself before he was stolen as above stated. His history since that time you probably have fully investigated and know much more about it than I do. It has always been said and believed in my family that this horse "True Briton" was imported from England as above stated. And it is certain that he was not a colt bred by Captain James De Lancey above mentioned, nor by his uncle Brigadier General Oliver De Lancey. I have often heard the horse spoken of, and the story of his theft told by different members of the different branches of my family. The horse and Colonel James De. Lancey of Westchester, his last owner there, were thoroughly well known to the old people of the lower part of the county of all ranks, a few of whom I am old enough to remember. It was always said, as old Andrew Corsa, "the last of the guides" of the American armies, told Mr. Lewis G. Morris that "True Briton" came from England. Mr. Morris, whom I kaew well, told me the same story as told him by Corsa, and related in D. G. Linsley's "Morgan Horses," page 122. I may state, in closing, that there is little or no credence to be placed in the "Connecticut Courant's" story from Eishkill, N. Y., that one Wright Carpenter and two others stole the horse from Col. De Lancey's "quarters," at Kingsbridge, that he cost the Colonel ^200, and "that ^^150 was offered for the horse as soon as he brought him in." It was only a mere camp story of the times, I suppose, and nothing else, as it had no basis of truth. I am, dear sir, yours very truly, Edward F. De Lancey. In the introduction of a work entitled "New York City During the Revolution," published in 1861, is the following reference to the De Lancey homestead : "The elegant double brick residence of Mr. De Lancey on the eastern side of the Bowery extended to the present De Lancey street ; and with its semi-circular gateway, its dense shade trees, and its fine gardens in the rear of the house, was one of the most attractive features in that part of the island." Probably no breed of horses has had a greater popularity in so many different parts of the United States than the Morgans, and especially in those parts where they have been best known. They are best adapted to road and family use, but few being trained for track purposes. And yet of the 26 horses previous to i860 who made a trotting record of 2 :30 or better, eight certainly, and most probably ten, trace in direct male line to Justin Morgan, and six others had Morgan blood. The list of these early Morgan trotters is as follows : Beppo, 2 :2 8, to saddle, ..... July 4, 1843. Mac, 2 :29^ << « June 5, 1849. FLORA TEMPLE Lady Sutton, 2 130, Chicago Jack, 2 :30, ..... Lancet, 2 129, Belle of Saratoga, 2 130, .... Ethan Allen, 2 :28 (2:15 with running mate), Brown Dick, 2 :25}^, Aug. 3, 1849. May 27, 1856. July 30, 1856. Oct. 7, 1858. Oct. 28, 1858. Oct. 17, 1859. Beppo was the second horse to trot in 2:30, his record being made the same day as that of Lady Suffolk, which was the first, and in race with her, she winning the first heat and Beppo the second. For extended history of the Morgans, see The Morgan Horse and Register, Volumes L, IL and IIL by author of this work. Tom Bogus (Old Prisoner), said to have been presented by Lord Sterling to General Burgoyne during the Revolution, from whom he was captured. Kept in Newton, Conn., 1788-90, and in Dutchess County, N. Y., 1 791-1793, in charge of Job Slocum. A son of this horse, bay very perfect in form, was purchased when two years old in Dutchess County, N. Y., and brought to Marshall, Oneida County, by a Mr. Ellis. His stock noted for courage, with nervous and quick action. Ellis' Bogus was the sire of Lame Bogus, foaled about 18 18, whose shoulder was broken from a kick when he was a foal, resulting in one leg being several inches shorter than the other. Lame Bogus was sire of Loomis' Bogus, bred by G. W. W. Loomis of San- gerfield, N. Y. Loomis' Bogus w^as the sire of Flora Temple, one of the greatest of American trotters, and the first to trot under 2 :20. The pedigree of this mare is given correctly in the " Breeder's Stud Book," but not in the "American Trotting Register." She is recorded in this last: "by Bogus Hunter son of Kentucky Hunter" ; but there never was a horse called Bogus Hunter, nor any called Bogus, got by any horse called Kentucky Hunter. One-eyed Kentucky Hunter, and Bogus by Lame Bogus, were bred by G. W. W. Loomis, and both owned by Mr. Loomis when Flora Temple was got. It has been understood that the dam of Flora Temple was by a horse called old Spot owned by Horace Terry, and it has generally been said that old Spot was Arabian and came from Long Island ; but we notice that Mr. Wallace says (Wallace's Monthly, Vol. IV., page 74): "We understand Mr. Terry's son says his father got old Spot when a foal in Springfield, Mass. ; while others say that Mr. Terry only a few weeks before his death represented that he got him ' on the Island ' meaning, as is supposed, on Long Island." xcviii HORSES OF AMERICA For fuller particulars in regard to Flora Temple, see the Intro- duction of this book page xxxii. The fast old time trotters George Palmer and Damon were got by Ames' Bogus, son of Ballard's Bogus by Lame Bogus. Another family which has been prominent in New York breed- ing is the Kentucky Hunters. These are descended in male line from Brown Highlander, thoroughbred, imported from England, with several mares and other stallions, to Litchfield, Conn., 1797, by Col. Talmage & Co. A son of this horse, bay, 15^ hands, 1000 pounds: dam Nancy Dawson, thoroughbred, imported with the sire ; was bred at Litchfield by Col. Talmage, who sold him to Julius Watkins, Torrington, Conn, who took him, 1821, to Whites- town, Oneida County, N. Y., where he was awarded premiums, — as published in the Columbia Gazette, — 1822, '23 and '24. Watkins' Highlander was sire of the first Kentucky Hunter, afterwards called Old Kentucky Hunter. This horse was bred by Jacob&LewisSherrill, New Hartford, Oneida Co., N.Y.; foaled 1825 ; dam said to be brought from Kentucky. He was sold about 183 i to Dr. W. H. Kellogg, who sold an interest in him to J. W. Bagg, New Hartford, N. Y. ; the horse was soon after sold to Wm. Ferguson, Oriskany Falls, whose property he soon died from effects of a kick. Other noted horses, which have been credited to this family, but in regard to which there is some doubt, are Bay Kentucky Hunter, sire of Edwin Forrest (which passed to R. A. Alexander in Ken- tucky) ; Broken Legged Kentucky Hunter, chestnut, bred by Mr. Brown, Augusta, Oneida County, N. Y., got by Gifford's Kentucky Hunter; and Skenandoah, dark chestnut, bred by J. H. Sykes, Madison County, N. Y. ; got by Broken Legged Kentucky Hunter: dam chestnut, bred by J. H. Sykes, got by Morgan Hunter Jr. This pedigree of Skenandoah and sire, is from R. C. Sykes, Canastota, N. Y., son of breeder of Skenandoah. For further information of this family, see One-eyed Kentucky Hunter and Bay Kentucky Hunter. Another horse, that through his descendants has become quite prominent in American breeding, is European, a handsome gray horse of Morgan -appearance, to which family he probably belonged, imported to Cambridge, N. Y., from Canada about 1829. The horse was quite old at this time and died soon afterward ; but left a son, the Morse Horse, bred in Washington County, from which descended both the Bathgate Norman, and Alexander's Norman; the latter sire of Lula, 2:15, May Queen, 2:20, also sire of four sires of standard ENGINEER xcix performers, of which Swigcrt has to his credit 46 trotters and 2 pacers, besides 39 sires of 65 trotters and 29 pacers, and 35 dams of 32 trotters and i i pacers. 1^'or further information of this family, see European in this volume. Engineer, gray ; 16)1^ hands ; and said to have been very elegant in his style, form, and proportions. Advertised May 8, 1816, in the Long Island Star, as follows : "THE ELEGANT HORSE ENOINEER "Will be kept the present season, at the stable of Daniel Seeley, near the Queens County Court House, on Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays ; and at the stable of the subscriber, in Jericho, the remainder of each week, during the season, at five to twelve dollars. Engineer is a gray, sixteen hands and one inch high, lofty carriage, and finely formed ; he has a great share of bone and sinew, possesses an excellent temper, and is considered a very superior mover. He was brought into this place last fall, and covered a few mares and proved himself a sure foal getter. The manner he came into this country is such that I cannot give an account of his pedigree, but his courage and activity show the purity of his blood, which is much better than the empty sound of a long pedigree too often inserted. Those who are desirous of raising good horses are requested to call and see him and judge for them- selves." Mr. Wallace states, in his magazine. Vol. I., page 743, that the parties who owned the horse on Long Island said that he was im- ported to Canada from England, and ridden in the war of 18 12-14 by an English officer from whom he was captured. A son of his known as Burdick's Engineer was kept for many years in Warren and neighboring counties in New York. Of this son Wm. Arthur, a prominent citizen and noted horseman, of Ticon- deroga, N. Y., in an interview w^th the writer in 1886, said : "A man by the name of Weatherhead had Engineer in West Moriah. They said the horse was twenty years old. I was born in 1822, and took a mare to this horse in 1836-37. He was then standing at Crown Point, He was a handsome chestnut horse, sixteen hands high, very round barrel, the roundest I ever saw. He was a little thick headed — short, thick head, not fine. He had a heavy, dark mane and tail. He was a good quarter horse, and could trot in three minutes. He went back to Warrensburg and at last to Glens Falls. I think he lived to be about thirty-five years old. The story they told about his origin was this : That a horse was captured from a British c THE HORSES OF AMERICA officer, which he afterwards ransomed, and they were taking him to his owner, who was then in Canada, when this colt was bred." To question whether this account of the horse was believed, Mr. Arthur replied : " The Warrensburg folks and Mr. Weatherhead believed this as much as I believe you have got that hat on your head." A similar story concerning his importation from England to Canada and capture from an English officer in the war of 1 8 12-14, was told us in connection with the history of the Kasson Horse, another son, kept in Central Vermont for many years. This statement of the importation of the horse may or not have been true, but it is the only credible history there is of him, and was evidently believed by those who owned his stock. Both the Kasson Horse and Burdick's Engineer were horses of much excellence, and lived to a remarkable old age. But Engineer is best known in the history of American horses through still another son, Engineer 2d, who was the sire of Lady Suffolk, the first trotter to beat 2 130, and one of the most famous of all old time trotters. Zilcaadi, sorrel, four white feet; foaled 1825; imported from Constantinople, with Stamboul and two other Arabian stallions, by Charles S. Rhind, United States Consul to Constantinople, to whom they had been presented by Sultan Mohmond. The United States would not permit Mr. Rhind to retain these horses, and had them sold at auction. Zilcaadi was purchased at the sale, or soon after, by the Hon. Joseph Johnson, who took him to Louisiana. His blood enters into the Great American family of trotters and roadsters through the celebrated Kentucky stallion Golddust, whose dam was by Zilcaadi. The following letter from Mr. Rhind appears in the "Sporting Magazine" of July, 1832: New York, May 16, 1832. You request me to give you some account of the Arabian horse Zilcaadi, which you purchased at public sale on the 14th inst. This is one of the horses sent me by Sultan Mahmond, a few days before I left Constantinople. I took him from thence to Smyrna, where I embarked for this port. He was pronounced by the best judges, both at Constantinople and Smyrna, to be a genuine and very fine Arab. His colour is sorrel with four white feet — ^he is of the tribe raised on the borders of Syria; was six years old last grass. The Arab horse is seldom above 14 hands high, and those I brought were unusually tall — the stallions of this race are considered good for covering until they are twenty-five years old ; I am per- suaded the colts of this horse will prove the high intrinsic value of WJIJRLIGJG ci the animal. Zilcaadi is of the breed most preferred by the Sukan. Very respectfully yours, CllARLKS RiiiXD. Hedgeford, dark brown with star, i6^ hands; foaled 1825; bred by Mr, Mytton ; got by Filho da Puta, son of Haphazard by Sir Peter Teazle : dam Miss Craigie by Orville. P^or extended pedigree, see alphabetical list of imported horses. Imported, 1832, to New York, by Wm. Jackson. Advertised 1833 near Boydton, Va., by John C. Goode, at $50. Afterwards went to Kentucky, probably in 1834, where he died in 1840. Hedgeford has become prominent among American horses by his son Denmark, who, crossed to Canadian Morgan stock, pro- duced Gaines' Denmark, foaled 1851, and Rob Roy both noted sires of saddle horses, and admitted as foundation stock in the National Saddle Horse Register. The dam of Denmark was Betty Harrison by Aratus, and her dam the dam of Timoleon. The National Saddle Horse Register says: "The Denmarks are universally intelligent and add to a graceful movement at all the gates under saddle, a way of going in harness that pecuharly fits them for a place in the all purpose class. They are also tractable, hardy and generally useful where a safe family horse is wanted. The best results have come from mating the Denmark sires with mares from certain strains of Canadian or other pacing blood." Gaines' Denmark, the most renowned of the Denmark saddle horse progenitors, was black with white hind feet and small star, 151^ hands high, bred by Wm. V. Cromwell near Lexington, Ky., foaled 1 851; died 1864. Dam brown, owned by Judge John Stephenson of Fayette County, Ky., known as the Stephenson Mare and said to be by Cockspur, which is said to have been the son of a Canadian pacer of same name, foaled about 1825, and im- ported from Canada to Missouri. We notice that Mr. Wallace in his book, " The Horse of America," page 194, says of Den- mark, whose grandam was the dam of Timoleon ; " I have taken some pains to examine his pedigree; his sire was thoroughbred, his dam and grandam were mongrels, and the remoter crosses were impossible fiction." The remarks made in this work upon the pedigree of Timoleon, although they agree with Mr. Wallace, were made before seeing this criticism. INTO PENNSYLVANIA. Whirligig, bay, 15 hands; foaled 1863; said to be by Captain, son of Young Cartouche : dam by Devonshire Black Legs — True Blue cii THE HORSES OF AMERICA — Lord Oxford's Dun Arabian — D'Arcy's Black Legged Royal Mare; was imported by John Allen to Philadelphia 1773, and is advertised 1776 at Mr. Hunt's in New Jersey, at which time Miss Slammerkin (owned by Mr. Hunt), by Wildair, was probably bred to him, and produced the mare that was the grandam of Mambrino. The American Turf Register states that he was kept in North Caro- lina, 1777. Messenger. — \\\ 1788, the celebrated gray horse Messenger foaled 1780, was imported into Pennsylvania, where he was kept near Philadelphia six years, when he was removed to Long Island, where, and in New Jersey and vicinity of New York city, he remained until his death, December, 1808. He was 15^ hands and good weight, descended in direct line through Mambrino that was noted in England for his substance and trotting action, and whose elegant picture by Stubbs we publish, from Sampson, a running horse of unusual size. Mambrino was by Engineer, son of Sampson. Sampson was by Blaze, son of Flying Childers : dam called a Hip mare, unknown, but supposed to be part bred. Third dam of Engineer also unknown. Messenger was more compactly built, and perhaps on that account possessed trotting action more than the majority of running horses. And crossed on to Dutch or common and part-bred mares, which abounded in the locality in which he was kept, he pro- duced many animals that were especially well adapted to road and practical uses, so that the stock then grew very largely in popular favor and were widely distributed over the country. Messenger himself, and probably his ancestors from the time of Sampson, had some coarse qualities which were perpetuated more or less in all, or nearly all, of his stock, and probably because of these the stock in male line eventually largely ran out. Sampson, the progenitor of Messenger, was a very successful race-horse, but Mambrino is described by Weatherbee as " a very moderate race-horse, as was also his son Messenger." The lack of speed was perhaps another reason why the blood of Messenger, in many respects so popular, became in male line so nearly extinguished. Only through his son Mambrino has the family been largely perpetuated in male line. But Mambrino traces directly through his dam to the famous Wild- air, a great source of speed ; and in trotting lines this strain was further mainly perpetuated where reinforced by cross to the noted trotter Bellfounder, imported from England and a descendant of the famous family of Norfolk trotters, the fastest of their day. The idea, largely sustained by fraudulent and unreliable pedigrees, MESSENGER ciii which has been advanced by an enthusiastic admirer of Messenger that he was the principal source of trotting speed in this country, is very absurd. He was undoubtedly a producer of trotting action, also produced from many other s®urces, but the element of speed, where it appears, would appear to be more properly traced elsewhere. The "American Turf Register," November, 1834, says: "Desirous of preserx'ing all that at this late day is remembered of an animal which has done so much to improve our stock of horses, we will close this brief account of him with extracts from letters re- ceived from Mr. Van Ranst, one of his former owners, who speaks with the enthusiasm of a man who has judgment to distinguish, and a heart to love what is noble, generous and faithful — even though these qualities be found in — a horse. 'In looking over some papers relating to the horses formerly owned by me, I have found a sketch taken by the hand of an artist of my old favorite horse Messenger. ' This draft was taken seven years previous to the death of Mes- senger, and will enable you, through the medium of your Register to transmit an exact likeness of this noble horse. Every person who was accustomed to view the strong and powerful form of Messenger, will, I believe, at first view, pronounce this to be a true and faithful likeness. ' Messenger, when landed, was a light dapple gray, but after- wards became white. He had a large full black eye, remarkably brilliant. His movement and action were elegant. His standing, never careless, I never saw him resting himself on three legs, but whether the ground was rough or smooth, he always stood upon it — prompt, erect and lofty; looking apparently be}^ond this world, <'at the clouds beyond it," — such was the common and striking atti- tude of Sir Charles.' " "In a subsequent letter, Mr. Van Ranst observes — 'Messenger was imported by Mr. Benger, in the year 1791, and landed in this city ; where I saw him shortly after, and my mind was fixed on his being much the best horse I had ever seen, and said nothing about a price, as I was confident he was over my mark. " ' Mr. Benger shortly after took him to Pennsylvania where he was kept at Shamnay bridge, not far from Bristol, two seasons. After which Mr. Henry Astor, of this city, purchased and kept him two seasons on Long Island, at Philip Platts, "which took with our horsemen " ; the next spring I bought one-third, and took him to Pine Plains, Dutchess County — covered 105 mares, very few any pre- civ THE HORSES OF AMERICA tensions to blood. After which I bought Mr. Astor out, for which I paid $2750. I hired said horse at different stands, the farthest south was Cooper's Ferry, opposite Philadelphia, at $1600 per season, free of expense, until the time of his death, January 28, 1808, at the farm of Mr. Townsend Cock, L. I., who had hired him three seasons. Mr. Van Rantz is wrong as to date of importation of Messenger, and probably also as to place of importation. An advertisement in The Pennsylvania Packet of May 27, 1788, states that he was just imported and would cover that season at the sign of the Black Horse in Market street, Philadelphia. Mambrino, the sire of Messenger, was gray, bred by Lord Gros- venor, foaled 1768, got by Engineer : dam, foaled 1761, got by Cade son of the Godolphin Arabian; 2nd dam by the Bolton Little John son of Partner by Jigg, son of the Byerly Turk; 3d dam Mr. Durham's Favorite by a son of the Bald Galloway ; 4th dam by a foreign horse of Sir T. Gascoigne's. Engineer was brown; foaled 1756; bred by Mr. Fenton; got by Sampson: dam by Young Grayhound ; 2nd dam by the Curwen Bay Barb. Sampson was bay; foaled 1745 ; bred by Mr. Robinson; got by Blaze son of Childers ; dam by Hip; 2nd dam by Spark son of Honeycomb Punch — Snake — D'Arcy's Queen by a son of Hautboy — Brimmer — Royal Mare. Blaze was bay, foaled 1733, bred by Mr. Panton ; got by Chil- ders : dam Confederate Filly, by Grantham, son of Brownlow Turk — Duke of Rutland's Black Barb — Bright's Roan, bred by Mr. Leedes said to be got by his Arabian, sire of Leedes. Childers was bay, with blaze and four white feet ; bred by Mr. Childers; foaled 171 5; got by the Darley Arabian: dam Betty Leedes by Old Careless; 2d dam Leede's Arabian Mare, sister to Leedes, and sometimes called Cream Cheeks — Spanker — Old Morocco Mare. Darley Arabian was brought from Smyrna by a brother of Mr. Darley of Yorkshire. The above is as given in the General Stud Book. As is well known Mr. John H. Wallace, was a great admirer of Messenger and his stock. In his book, "The Horse of America," page 208, he makes the following comments upon above pedigrees : "The pedigree of Childers on the maternal side is one of the oldest in the Stud Book, and we are not aware that any charges have ever been made against its substantial authenticity. SAMPSON cv "Blaze, the son of Childers, was foaled 1733, and was out of a mare known as 'The Confederate Filly,' by (iray (kantham ; her dam was by the Duke of Rutland's Black Barl), and her grandam was a mare of unknown breeding called ' Bright's Roan' Here the maternal line runs into the woods, but this is not the only defect in the pedigree, for the dam of Gray Grantham was also unknown. "Certainly this horse cannot be ranked as thoroughbred under any rule, English or American, that has ever been formulated. Only three generations away we find two animals of hopelessly unknown breeding. " Sampson, the son of Blaze, was foaled 1745, and he has occupied a very prominent and at the same time unique place in running-horse history. He was not only a great race horse, at heavy weights, but he was considered phenomenal in his size and strength, and in his lack of the appearance of a race horse. "A number of historians have told us of the merriment among the grooms and jockeys when Sampson made his first appearance on the turf. The question was : ' Has Mr. Robinson brought a coach horse here to run for the plate?' The laugh was on the other side at Malton that day, however, when the 'coach horse,' carrying one hundred and forty pounds, won the plate in three heats. The distance was three miles, and Sampson was then five years old. At long distances and at" high weights Sampson was a first- class race horse for his day. But, notwithstanding all this, we are told that his blood never became fashionable, for there was a widespread conviction that he was not running-bred on the side of his dam. The historians tell us that he transmitted his own coarseness and lack of the true running type in a marked degree, which was very evident in his grandson, Marabrino. " His pedigree has been questioned from the day of his first appearance to the present time, and we have made a very careful study of all the facts at our command. In the first edition of his Stud Book (1803) Mr. Weatherby gives his dam as by Hip : g. d. by Spark, son of Honeycomb Punch ; g. g. d. by Snake and out of Lord D'Arcy's Queen. This has not been materially changed in any of the subsequent editions, and we think it may be taken for granted that the horse was advertised under this pedigree. Mr. Weatherby commenced work on pedigrees in 1791, and avowedly accepted the best information he could get with regard to old pedigrees, regardless of the source. We are not aware that he ever investigated anything outside of his office work, if he did he never gave the public the benefit of the details of his investigations. John Lawrence commenced work on horse history long before Mr. Weatherby commenced as a compiler of pedigrees, and he was altogether the ablest writer of his day, or perhaps we might add, of any other day. He was a clear and independent thinker and a vigorous writer. In his 'History of the Horse in all His Varieties and Uses,' on page 281, he thus discusses the question of Sampson's pedigree : '"Nobody yet ever did,-or ever could assert positively that Jigg was not thoroughbred, but the case is very different with respect to Sampson: since nobody in the sporting world. cvi THE HORSES OF AMERICA either of past or present days, ever supposed him so. Xor was the said world at all surprised at Robinson's people furnishing their stallion with a good and triie pedigree, a thing so much to their advantage. Having seen a number of Sampson's immediate get, those in the Lord Marquis of Rockingham's stud and others, and all of them. Bay Malton perhaps less than any other, in their heads, size and form, having the appearance of being a degree or two deficient in racing blood, I was convinced that the then universal opinion on that point was well grounded. I was (in 1778) an enthusiast, collecting materials for a book on the horse. It happened that I wanted a trusty and steady man for a particular service, and opportunely for the matter now under discussion, a Yorkshire man about threescore years of age was recommended to me, who had recently been employed in certain stables. I soon found that his early life had been spent in the running stables of the North, and that he had knowu Sampson, whence he was always afterward named by us " Old Sampson." He was very intelligent on the subject of racing stock and his report was as follows. He took the mare to Blaze, for the cover which produced Sampson, helped to bit and break the colt, rode him in exercise and afterward took him to Malton for his first start, where, before the race, he was ridiculed for bringing a great coach horse to contend against racers. On the sale of Sampson this man left the service of James Preston, Esq., and went with the colt into that of Mr. Robinson. His account of Sampson's dam was that she appeared about three parts bred, a hunting figure and by report a daughter of Hip, which, however, could not be authenticated; and the fact was then notorious and not disputed in the Yorkshire stables. * * * Mr. Tattersall lately showed me a portrait of Sampson in his flesh, in which this defect of blood appears far more obvious than in one which I had of him galloping.' ''Again, in his great quarto work, issued 1809, ^^^- Lawrence reiterates his beUef that Sampson was not thoroughbred. He says : " ' I am by no means disposed to retract my opinion concerning Robinson's Sampson Not only did the account of the groom appear to me to be entitled to credit, but the internal evidence of the horse's having had in him a cross of common blood is sufficiently strong by the appearance both of the horse himself and of his stock; an idea in which every sports- man, I beUeve, who remembers Engineer, Mambrino and others will agree with me.' "Here then, we have the answer to the whole enquiry reduced to its simplest form. The groom"^ who coupled the mare with Blaze from which came Sampson says the mare was called a Hip mare, but that her pedigree was really unknown. For the intelligence and honesty of this groom Mr. Lawrence does not hesitate to vouch, and he adds the common belief of all the Yorkshire sportsmen of that day, who knew the mare, that she was of unknown breeding. This evidence is further supplemented by the family characteristics of the stock descended from Sampson, to say nothing of the great lack of 'blood' in the appearance of Sampson himself. As against this, we have the dry, unsupported assertion of Mr. Weatherby, forty years after the event, and probably copied from an advertisement of the horse. " Engineer, son of Sampson, was a brown horse, foaled 1755, and was out of Miner's dam, by Young Grayhound ; grandam by Curwen's Bay Barb, and the next dam unknown. This is all the {pedigree that has ever been claimed for this horse, and falls far short of the rank of thoroughbred. There is a discrepancy of one year between Weatherby and Pick in the age of the horse, and we find Pick is right in giving his date as 1755. " Notwithstanding the absence of Eastern blood, Engineer was a race ARABIAN RANGER cvii horse of above average ability, although not so good as another son of Samp- son called Bay Malton. A few of his sons aside from Mambrino ran respect- ably, and his daughters were at one time, highly prized as brood mares. " Mambrino, the son of Engineer, was a great strong-boned gray horse, bred by John Atkinson near Leeds in Yorkshire, and was foaled 1768. His dam was by Cade, son of the Godolphin Arabian ; grandam by Bolton Little John ; great grandam Favorite by a son of Bald Galloway ; great great grandam ( the dam of Lord Portmore's Daffodil) by a foreign horse of Sir T. Gas- coigne's. The Cade mare produced Dulcine, a noted performer, and the mare Favorite was a distinguished performer herself. The poverty of this pedigree is all on the side of the sire. " Mambrino was not put upon the turf till he was five years old, he proved himself a great race horse in the besi company and for the largest class of stakes. He was on the turf most of the time for five or six years and until he was beaten by Woodpecker in 1779, in which race he broke down. He was beaten but four times, and paid four forfeits. He went into the stud in 1777, although he ran after that, at logs. los. 6d. to cover thirty mares besides those of his owners. In 1779 he was again in the stud, in Cam- bridgeshire as before, at the same price; 1781 he covered at 5ogs. los. 6d. ; 17S5 at 25gs. los. 6d. ; 1776 he dropped back to i5gs. los. 6d. " We give these prices to show the variations in the estimated value of his services. As a sire of race horses Mambrino was not successful. Some fifteen or twenty of his progeny ran more or less respectably, but none of them was at all comparable with himself." Four trotters with records of 2:30 or better previous to i860, trace in riiale line to Messenger, viz : O'Blennis, 2 130, ...... May 28, 1S51. Green Mountain INIaid, 2 :28^ . . . Sept. 22, 1852. Frank Forrester, 2 :3o, .... Oct. 28, 1856. Princess, 2 :3o, June 15, 1858. For extended history of Messenger and his sons, see chapter under Pennsylvania. INTO CONNECTICUT. Arabian Ranger, gray, changing to white ; 1 5 hands ; foaled 1762. The first known advertisement of this horse is in 1776 in the Connecticut Courant to stand near Hartford in charge of James Nicholls, in which he is described, as of "A fine dapple gray color, rising 15 hands high, and is allowed by competent judges to be the completest horse ever brought to America." The advertisement also states that: "He is a horse of fine strength and beauty, equc] cviii THE HORSES OF AMERICA perhaps to any in America of the true Barbary breed, bred in Eng- land," and says further: "He is the same horse that was in my keeping last season." This advertisement is substantially repeated in 1776. In 1778, his advertisement in the same paper states that: ** The improved Arabian horse called the Ranger, formerly owned by Colonel Wyllis, of Hartford, is now owned by James Hyde, of Windham." Hyde advertised him again in 1779, and later in the same year he was advertised by William Lindsay in the Virginia Gazette to be at his farm near Port Royal, Va. Captain Lindsay is said to have paid for the horse 125 hogsheads of tobacco, equal to 605 guineas. His stock was highly valued, and he left many sons kept for stock purposes. It is said that the uniform elegance, courage, endurance and docility of Arabian Ranger's get in the Connecticut cavalry attracted the attention of Generals Washington and Lee in 1776, and that they advised Capt. Lindsay to purchase, him. The Albany Register of April 30, 181 1, says: "More elegant saddle horses were bred from the old Ranger, or Hartford horse, than from any three other horses ever imported to America. The second dam of Justin Morgan, founder of the Morgan family of horses, is said to have been by a son of Arabian Ranger. For further account of this horse and his progeny, see Chapter under Connecticut. King WiUiam, bay; foaled 1777; bred by A. Smith, England; got by Herod: dam Madcap, foaled 1771, got by Snap — Miss Mer- edith by Cade. Imported to Connecticut by A. Skinner & Co., of Hartford, in 1796, and kept at Stamford, Conn., that season, and at Colonel Orcutt's, Norwich, Vt., 1797. Advertised, 1804, in the Greenfield Gazette to stand in Deerfield, Mass. Pedigree and his- tory as above. This horse appears under his dam, page 307, Vol. I., General Stud Book. Henry Watson writes from Connecticut to the New York Spirit of the Times, 1843 • "King William, Matchem, Guide, Benjamin, and two or three more thoroughbred horses were imported from England to Hartford about 1798, and some of them were kept there several years. King William left many valuable horses in the country ; think he was finally taken to Vermont," It is very probable that the King W' illiam here referred to was the horse of that name, said to be an English thoroughbred, owned about 1808-14 by Joel Doolittle, of Shoreham, Vt, and thought to be DRY OF ALGIERS cix the sire of Allen Smith's Liberty, of Addison, Vt, which is credited with dams of Sherman Black Hawk and his son Vermont Hero, the sire of General Knox, from which many of the best roadsters and some of the fastest trotters and pacers have descended. Liberty also got the dam of Warner's Sir Charles (son of Sir Charles by Duroc), and probably the dam of Young Columbus, one of the early noted Vermont sires of trotters. Brown Highlander, bred by Thomas Ardelle ; got by Paymaster, son of Blank: dam by Herod ; 2d dam by Eclipse ; 3d dam by Lan- caster Starling; 4th dam b}^ W'ildair ; was imported fall of 1797 by Colonel Talmage, Litchfield, Conn., who imported, at the same time, Brilliant, Sir Peter Teazle, and Drone, sometimes called Herod, and some mares. Brown Highlander, was kept at Litchfield, several seasons, afterwards in New^ Jersey and Dutchess County, N. Y., and was advertised 181 1 and 1816, at Goshen, Orange County, N. Y. ; terms, $8 to $12.00. A son of this horse, known as Watkins High- lander, I 5 ^:( hands, bred by Colonel Talmage, Litchfield, Conn., dam Nancy Dawson a thoroughbred mare imported at same time with Highlander, was sold to Julius Watkins, Torrington, Conn., who took him 1 82 1 to Whitestown, N. Y., and later to New Hartford, N.Y., where he died 1822. This Watkins' Highlander was sire of the original Ken- tucky Hunter, foaled 1822, and bred by Jacob & Lewis Sherrill of New Hartford, Oneida County, N. Y. : dam said to be from Kentucky. INTO MASSACHUSETTS. Dey of Algiers, described in the American Turf Resister of 1832, as a nearly white horse with a few brown spots dashed over his neck and shoulders, fourteen hands, two and a half inches high, of fine figure, great bone and substance, of commanding presence, attractive carriage, and remarkably vigorous and active. He was procured in Arabia when four years old, by Grand Bailiff Fromm of Prussia, and brought to Fehr Bellen in that kingdom, wdiere he was purchased after the bailiff's death, at the sale of his stud, in 1779, by Lieutenant-General Frederick, Baron of Diemar, by whom he was sold to Colonel Swann of Massachusetts (then in Europe), and by him shipped from Hamburg to Boston, to General Jackson of that cit}^ \\\ 1802 General Jackson sent him to General Mason, of the District of Columbia. He left many descendants in New England, Mary- land and District of Columbia; and some of the best horses bred in Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont trace to him, including the famous Morgan stallion Fearnaught, that at one time held the world's ex THE HORSES OF AMERICA trotting stallion record. He died in July, 1807, near Fredericks- burg, Va. Grand Bashaw, iron gray, 14%^ hands; was foaled 1815, and imported to Boston, August, 1820, from Tripoli, by Joseph C. Mor- gan. He went from Boston to Lower Merion, Montgomery Co., Penn., and stood there several years. In 1827 he was atWhitemarsh, 12 miles from Philadelphia. Received first premium at Pennsyl- vania State Fair, 1823 ; still owned by J. C. Morgan. The following certificate of his pedigree is copied from Penn- sylvania Agricultural Report for 1823 : "I, John A. Carstemon, his Danish Majesty's consul-general at Tripoli, in the West, do hereby certify that on the 24th of May, 1 8 19, J. C. Morgan, Esq., of the United States of America, pur- chased from me an iron gray Arabian horse rising four years old. This horse was begotten by the late Bey's favorite horse, Khasnadger, celebrated in this place for his beauty and other excellent qualities, from a fine mare of the country ; is of very best blood to be obtained here. Signed, J. A. Carstemon. "Tripoli, in the West, May 24, 18 19." "I do hereby certif)' that I am fully acquainted with all the facts stated in the certificate relating to the famous horse called the Grand Bashaw, and that it is entitled to full faith and credit. "Signed, Richard B. Jones, U. S. Consul." The following interesting letter of Richard B. Jones has been published : "Philadelphia, April 25, 1865. "Dear Sir: — Still suffering from a neuralgic attack in my head, I comply with your request as far as I can, with perfect reliance on its accuracy. "In 181 8 I loaned to some Danish officers a very valuable Ara- bian horse ; by accident they killed him. On the following morning I found Grand Bashaw in my stable to replace him. I declined, under the circumstances, any compensation, and suggested to Mr. Morgan, residing with me, to purchase, and by virtue of my official influence, would assist him to facilitate his embarkation to America. In 1 8 19 he took him to Italy, and from there to Marseilles, where he joined me on my way to the United States. We sailed from there to Boston, and arrived the 20th of August, 1820. From there he was taken to Lower Merion, Montgomery Co., Penn., and stood there sev- eral years. Grand Bashaw was a beautiful black, with a small white star and snip. He was a Barb of the finest quality in every respect, but their pedigrees are not kept with the care of the Arabians. I BELLFOUNDER cxi have no personal knowledge of the marcs bred to him, but have seen many of his descendants, all showing a resemblance to the original sire. "Grand Sultan was imported by mc at the same time. lie stood one, if not two, seasons at Salem, N. J., under charge of Michael Hackett, Esq, about 1822 or 1823. Me was an iron gray, of the Arabian stock, and had many colts and fillies there. " Saladin was imported by me at the same time, superior, in my opinion in purity of blood, size and form, to either of the others. I sent him to North Carolina, where he improved the stock, and from thence to Georgia, where he died. Grand Bashaw was about 14 hands and an inch high. " In conclusion, I remain respectfully yours, Richard B. Jones. The famous Clay and several other trotting families are de- scended from Grand Bashaw. Three of the early 2 130 trotters trace to him in male line. Black Douglass, 2 130, July 13, 1S53. Miller's Damsel, 2 :30, June 16, 1858. George M. Patchen, 2 :30, .... June 23, 1859. Bellfounder. — Though not thoroughbred, this horse became so important a factor in the production of the American trotter, from being sire of the dam of Hambletonian, that we include him in this chapter. He was bred in England, foaled 18 16, and imported to Boston, Mass., July 22, 1822, by James Boot of that city. Bellfounder belonged to the English hackney or Norfolk trot- ting family, whose history appears at length in Volume I. of this work. Besides the dam of Rysdyk's Hambletonian, Bellfounder got the dam of Sayre's Harry Clay, which not many years since disputed with American Star and Mambrino Chief the title of greatest sire of brood mares. He also got the grandam of Green's Bashaw, who died in 1880, and was one of the best sires of his day. Bellelupe, by Brown's Bellfounder, produced the very great brood mare Belle by Mambrino Chief, who was the dam of Belmont, the most success- ful son of Alexander's Abdallah. Several other horses of distinction trace to Bellfounder. Mr. Boot kept the horse for several years at Charlestown, Mass., and in the spring of 1829 he was leased by Timothy T. Kissam for five years, and stood on Long Island and in Westchester, Jefferson and Orange Counties, N. Y., his last season in the last named county being in 1833 at Washingtonville, and here he was bred to One Eye, cxii THE HORSES OF AMERICA and got the Charles Kent Mare which became the dam of Hamble- tonian, and was also the grandam of Green's Bashaw. Later Bell- founder was owned by Henry Van Cott, and died his property, on Long Island, in 1843. The first advertisement of the horse in this country was as follows : "BELLFOUNDER. The Wonderful Norfolk Trotter. Imported July, 1822, from England. To Cover This Season 1823 At 20 Dollars and six Shillings the Groom The Money to be paid to the Groom at Covering. "This celebrated Horse is a beautiful bright Bay, with black legs, 7 years old, standing 15 hands high; his superior blood, symmetry and action excel every other trotting stallion. He is allowed by the best Judges in Norfolk to be the fastest and best bred Horse ever sent out of that county. He has proved himself a sure foal-getter, and his Stock for size and substance are not to be surpassed ; they are seUing at the highest prices of any Horses in Norfolk. " Bellfounder was got by that well-known fast and high formed Trotter, Old Bellfounder, out of Velocity, by Haphazard, by Sir Peter, out of Miss Hervy, by Eclipse : grandam was of good North Country blood, but not thoroughbred. Velocity trotted on the Norwich road in 1806 sixteen miles in one hour, and she broke 15 times into a gallop, and as often turned around, winning her match. In 1808, she trotted twenty-eight miles in one hour and forty-seven minutes, and has also done many other great performances against time. "Belfounder at five-year-old trotted two miles in six minutes, and in and the following year was matched for 200 guineas to trot nine miles in thirty minutes, which he won easily by twenty-two seconds. His owner shortly after challenged to perform with him seventeen miles and a half in one hour, but it was not accepted. He has since never been saddled or matched. " Old Bellfounder was a true descendant from the original blood of the Fireaways, which breed of horses stands unrivalled for the saddle, either in this or any other nation. " Bellfounder is strongly recommended to the public by Mr. S. Gooch of Chelmsford, and by Mr. Woodfield, Moonfields, London." Several other advertisements of the horse are at our command, but this earliest one covers the ground completely. \\\ considering the speed claimed for these Norfolk trotters it must be taken into account that when the foregoing advertisement was published the THE NARRAGANSETT cxiii best record for a trotter in this country was three minutes, by Boston Blue, and the foals of Bellfounder and Velocity appeared phenome- nal. Like the Morgans, these Hackney trotters were distinguished for purity of gait, style and endurance, and the great success of Hambletonian as a progenitor of trotters, is due, no doubt, to these characteristics of imported Bellfounder, as much as to any other single source. INTO RHODE ISLAND. Among the most famous of the early American horses were the Narragansetts of Rhode Island. They were especially adapted to the saddle, and noted for their speed at the pacing gait. There is a tradition that they were descended from horses imported from Anda- lusia in Spain. We have already seen (page 6) that the horses brought to America by Columbus came largely from Andalusia. Sidney in his "Book on the Horse," sa}'s: " The Spaniards have been famous for their horses from the earliest his- torical times. The xA-ndalusian horse was acknowledged to be the best in Europe until the English produced the thoroughbred. "The mares of the Spanish Genet breed (famous since the wars recorded by old Froissart) are kept and much valued as riding horses for long distances by wealthy Spaniards. The Genet, a light, slim, blood-like animal, is the evi- dent descendant of the Barbs brought into the country by the Moors, when they conquered the greater part of Spain." Mr. Cooper, the novelist, in a foot note to "The Last of the Mohicans," says : " In the State of Rhode Island there is a bay called Narragansett, so named from a strong tribe of Indians that formerly dwelt on its banks. Acci- dent, or one of those unaccountable freaks which nature sometimes plays in the animal-world, gave rise to a breed of horses which were once well known in America, by the name of Narragansetts. They were small, commonly of the color called sorrel in America, and distinguished by their habit of pacing. Horses of this race were, and still are, in much request as saddle horses, on account of their hardiness, and the ease of their movement. As they were also sure of foot, the Narragansetts were much sought for by females who were obliged to travel over the roots and holes in the new countries." Through different channels the Narragansett has contributed in a marked degree to the production of the American road horse. Thus the dam of Sherman Morg^an, one of the most renowned sires cxiv THE HORSES OF AMERICA of road horses that the country has produced, came from Rhode Island and was said to be of the Spanish breed. Unquestionably the Canadian pacer as well as other pacing familes sprang in part from the Narragansett. For extended history of this breed see chapter under Rhode Island. INTO NEW JERSEY. Expedition, chestnut; foaled 1795; bred by Lord Egremont; got by Pegasus : dam Active, by Woodpecker — Laura by Whistle- jacket — Starling — Second — Stanyan's Arabian — King William's No- Tongued Barb (Chillaby) — Makeless — Royal Mare. Imported by Mr. Willis in 1801 and was kept in New Jersey. Advertised, by Joshua Humphreys, in Moorestown, N. J., nine miles from Phila- delphia, at the stable of Thomas Porter, sign of the Golden Fleece, at $12 to insure a foal. A line of trotting stock is descended from this horse through his son, Sea Gull. Sea Gull was bred by Joseph Van Mater of New Jersey: dam by imported Sour Kraut; 2d dam by imported Slender; 3d dam by Lloyd's Traveler. He was the sire of American Boy, bay, foaled 1822, bred by Daniel Holmes, New Jersey: dam chest- nut, by imported Expedition. American Boy went to Cincinnati or vicinity about 1840, and died there 1847. He was the sire of American Boy Jr. : dam Matchless by Cincinnatus, son of Shakes- peare; 2d dam the dam of Brown Highlander. American Boy was also the sire of Belmont, bay, 1 5 hands ; foaled 1847; bred by Garrett Williamson at Springdale, O. : dam imported Prunella, thoroughbred. Belmont together with other thoroughbreds, including American Boy Jr., was taken to California in 1853 by Wm. H. and Henry Williamson, where he died in 1865, He was the sire of Venture, chestnut, 2 :273<(, and the dams of eight trotters with records of 2:30 or better. Belmont also appears in the pedigree of the dams of a number of fast California trotters. Trustee, by Catton : dam Emma, by Whisker ; grandam Gibside Fairy, by Hermes. Imported 1828. Trustee was brought into special prominence through an extraordinary performance of a son and namesake, October 20, 1848, in a match against time over Union course, Long Island, who trotted twenty miles in 59 minutes 35^ seconds without a single break, coming in apparently fresh, and trot- ting the last mile in 2:51^, the fastest of the race. This was the first trotting record of twenty miles in an hour, but has since been GLENCOE cxv beaten by Capt. Megowen, Controller, John Stewart and Mattie Howard. The dam of George M. Patchen, noted as a trotter and a trotting sire, is said to have been by a thoroughbred son of im- ported Trustee. And also the dam of Lord Clinton, trotting race record, 2:08^ in 1894, and full brother to Gen. Gates the premier stallion at the Government Morgan Horse Farm, Wcybridge, Vt., was by Revenue Jr., a grandson of imported Trustee. The above mentioned horses, Capt. Megowen, Controller, John Stewart and Mattie Howard deserve a passing notice. Very little is known of Captain Megowen, except his ability to trot long dis- tance races, the second of which, as recorded in Chester, was at Cincinnati, O., Nov. 3, i860, ten miles for purse of $2,300, he win- ning in 28 minutes, ii/^ seconds. Oct. 31, 1865, for purse of $5,500 to trot 20 miles in one hour, he won in 58 minutes, 25 sec- onds. Controller, bay gelding, is said to have been by Gen. Taylor, son of the Morse Horse. He is first recorded by Chester in a five mile race at San Francisco, Dec. 4, 1877. April 20, 1878, for purse $1,000, to trot 20 miles in one hour; he won in 58 minutes, 57 seconds. John Stewart, 2 :30, was a bay gelding, by Tom Wonder, son of Tom Crowder: dam bred by Austin Dana, Cornwall, Vt, got by Sherman Black Hawk, son of Black Hawk, by Sherman Morgan ; 2d dam' bred by Austin Dana, got by Black Hawk. John Stewart's first race, as recorded in Chester, was one of ten miles for $2,000 purse, he winning in 29 minutes, 29/4 seconds. Sept. 22, 1868, at Fashion Course, R. I., driven by Hiram Woodruff; purse $3,000, to trot 20 miles in one hour, he won in 59 minutes, 23 seconds. April 4, 1874, at Oakland, Cal. ; for purse of $3,000, 20 miles, he won in 58 minutes, 59 seconds. Mattie Howard, chestnut mare, untraced ; Dec. 7, 1 87 1, at San Francisco, to trot 20 miles in one hour on half- mile track, she won in 59 minutes, 3034^ seconds. INTO ALABAMA. Glencoe, chestnut; foaled 1831; bred by Lord Jersey; got by Sultana: dam Trampoline by Tramp — Web by Waxy — Penelope by Trumpator — Prunella by Highflyer — Promise by Snap — Julia by Blank — Spectator's dam by Partner — Bonny Lass by Bay Bolton — Darley's Arabian — Byerly Turk — Taffolet Barb — Place's White Turk — Natural Barb Mare. Imported by James Jackson, of Flor- ence, Alabama, in 1836, having been purchased in England for 2000 guineas. cxvi THE HORSES OF AMERICA A number of other Arabian or Barb horses have been imported to this country and many English thoroughbreds not mentioned in this chapter, as well as large numbers of draft horses of different breeds, but we believe that none of these have exerted any great influence in the breeding of the American road and trotting horse. This concludes our preliminary survey of the Horse in America. The subject here naturally divides still more into localities and will be^ followed under the different States and regions that have been most prominent in producing valuable horses. It is the origin and early history of horses that are obscure. The immediate ancestry of nearly all notable horses produced within the last forty years is easily accessible. In this preliminary sketch, therefore, we come down in most cases no later than i860. The description and history of stallions which have been prominent since that date, and also before, will be found in alphabetical order in the body of this work. These pages are made up largely of facts ascertained by re- searches throughout the country from contemporaneous evidence, obtained by personal examinations of libraries, old records, news- paper files, and other sources of information. Although incomplete, as such work must always be, it will be found to furnish many facts entirely new, to shed light on much that was obscure, and to correct many errors. EARLY ADVERTISEMENTS OF NEW ENGLAND STALLIONS, H O ^ ^ EARLY HISTORY OF MAINE MAINE. "Our young, wild land, the free, the proud ! Uncrushed by power, unawed by fear, Her knee to none but God is bowed. For nature teaches freedom here. MAINE was comprised in the mighty grant originally given to the Plymouth Company. The abundance of fish upon its coast drew attention early to this part of the territory, and as early as 1600 the English were sending to its coast as many as a hundred fishing vessels annually. It is said that the colonies at Plymouth and at Weymuth were both saved from starvation by provisions obtained from this fishing fleet. The first permanent English set- tlement on the coast of Maine was a fishing station on the island of Monhegan, which continued till the first conflict with the natives. Between the years 1607 and 1622, 109 ships entered and cleared at Pemaquid, now Bristol in Lincoln County. Soon after the estab- lishment of the Plymouth colony, Robert Gorges, son of Fernando, essayed to plant a colony at the mouth of York River, near the pres- ent New Hampshire line, but left it and returned to England in 1624, part of the colonists going with him and the rest going south- ward to the more genial clime of Virginia. When the Plymouth colony surrendered their charter in 1635, there were four charter claims to the territory of the Maine coast, the three southerly being English, and the northerly one, extending from the Penobscot to the St. Croix, being French. But in 1652 all five of the settlements by leave of Parliament, voluntarily became a province of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Cromwell, in 1653, annulled the cession of Acadia to France. But in 1667, Charles II., more, it is said, to spite the Puritans than for any other reason, let it be restored to France, by the treaty ol Breda, to become a bone of contention, and subsequently to be recovered at great expense, when the inhabitants were carried into exile, an act which forms the subject of one of the darkest pages oi English history. The settlements in Maine were few and feeble at the time ol cxx THE HORSES OF AMERICA King Philip's war (1675-76), and were then nearly all broken up and the people murdered or driven away. For the next fifteen years the colony made no progress, and when, in 1690, by the abdication of James II., William and Mary came to the English throne, there were only four English settlements in the province — Wells, York, Kittery and Appledore. Again for a dreary period of seventy years, constantly recurring Indian troubles, and the war between England and France, pre- vented any settlements, save a few along the coast, until at last, by the fall of the French power in North America in 1760, the province was opened and population flowed in, so that a census in 1764 showed a population of 23,888. The population even then depended little upon the tilling of the soil. A few cattle and sheep had been introduced, but pasturage was not yet provided. Grain and other provisions were procured from Boston in exchange for lumber and fish. Hay was procured from the extensive salt marshes on the coast, and the fresh water meadows in the interior. Again in the war of the Revolution the people of this province suffered great hardships, and in the war of 18 12 their coasts were ravished by the British. In spite of all discouragements, however, the population increased, so that when Maine was finally admitted to the Union, as a State, she had a population of almost three hundred thousand. The people immigrating to this province were generally of good character, sober, hardy, intelligent and industrious. They came, not for temporary speculation, but to found and establish homes for themselves and their posterity. They bore with great patience and fortitude the burdens, privations and sufferings of an infant frontier colony, and they transmitted to their descendants these sterling qualities of mind and body. Maine has long been celebrated for the excellence of its stock of roadsters and trotting horses, but its horse history scarcely begins before the present century. While its territory was a province of the Massachusetts bay colony, its horses were, perhaps, mostly derived from the parent colony, and partook of the general characteristics of the Massachusetts stock. The History of Maine, by James Sullivan (1795), says: "The cattle, sheep and horses now found in America are brought from Europe, and are as easily raised and multiplied in the district of Maine as in any part of the continent. The horned cattle, with the same attention, are raised to as large a size on the banks of EARLY HISTORY OF MAINE cxxi the Piscataqua, Kennebec, and Penobscot, as in any ])art of New England. The sheep are much larger than in Massachusetts. The horses are not so tall, their necks so long, nor their chests so full, as farther to the southward ; but they are very hardy, capable o enduring great fatigue, and possess great strength and firmness." Maine has been fortunate, like Vermont, in having a chronicler of the history of her horses. In 1874, Mr. J. W, Thompson of Can- ton published the first Volume of "Sketches, Historical and De- scriptive, of Noted Maine Horses," a very creditable work, carrying the horse history of the State back to the advent of Winthrop Messen- ger in 18 16. In 1887 a second volume was issued, bringing the recjord down to that date. The earliest animal that is known to have exercised any con- trolling influence on the road and trotting horses of Maine was Win- throp Messenger, that was brought into the State from Oneida County, N. Y., in 1 8 16, by Alvin Hay ward of Winthrop, Me., and was kept in that State until he died in 1834. He was a large gray or white horse, 17 hands high, and has usually been called a son of imported Messenger, He was certainly represented as of that blood when taken to Maine, and his description and characteristics were such as to make it extremely probable that such was the fact, although his breeder is unknown, and if his age is correctly given in the following advertisement it is not possible that he was got by imported Messen- ger, but very likely by a son. This advertisement, the most reliable piece of contemporary evidence that exists, does not state that the horse is a son of imported Messenger, but that he is of Messenger stock; and as it gives his age in 18 19, as eight, and old Messenger died in January, 1808, the claim that the horses were sire and son can only be sustained by impeaching the statement of age given by Mr. Hayward, and this has never been done. The advertisement is from the Hallowell Gazette, May 12, 1819. " The subscriber hereby recommends to the public, and all who feel interested to improve in the breed of good and serviceable horses the good horse, Messenger, that stock so well known and approved of on Long Island, New York and Pennsylvania. Said horse was raised on Long Island and owned by Mr. Rylander, a gentleman who has taken the greatest pains to import the best of horses that came to his knowledge. Said horse is silver gray, eight years old, well- proportioned, of a large size and a good traveler. Gentlemen who are desirous of raising good horses will do well to call and see for themselves. The Messenger will be kept for the most part of the time in the village of Winthrop Mills. Alvan Hayward. Winthrop, May i, 18 19." cxxii THE HORSES OF AMERICA Winthrop Messenger left a large family of excellent horses, and doubtless is entitled to a large share of the fame justly due to the State of Maine for the strong and speedy line of animals that she has produced from quite an early period. It is not known that any of the descendants of Winthrop Messenger in direct male line now sur- vive, and it seems that the Morgan stock was the more popular and produced the most trotters. Among the more noted descendants of Winthrop Messenger, were Bush Messenger, gray, i6 hands, 1300 pounds, foaled 1833, bred by William Bradbury, Byron, Me., got by Winthrop Messenger: dam black, said to be inbred Morgan. He died from a kick in 1840. Hunton Horse, gray turning to white, 16 hands, iioo pounds; foaled 1840; bred by the Widow Lane, Readfield, Me., got by Bush Messenger: dam white, pedigree' unknown. He died at Buckfield in 1857. Messenger (Witherell's), (3-16), sorrel with white face and white off hind foot, light colored mane and tail, 151^ hands, 1050 pounds; foaled June 10, 1834; bred by Rev. S. B. Witherell, Norridgewock, Me., got by Winthrop Messenger : dam, sorrel, bred by Rev. S. B. Witherell, got by a Morgan horse in New Hampshire, understood to have been Sherman Morgan ; 2d dam, sorrel. S. B. Witherell, South Norridgewock, Me., nephew of breeder born May 23, 181 1, writes to Middlebury Register, dated February 20, 1886: Editor Register: — Yours of the 15th is received. The second dam of the Witherell Horse was taken up in dead of winter by Jonathan Bosworth of this town, and my uncle bought her. I well remember her. A nice round plump mare, about 900 pounds had the appearance of the Morgan breed of horses ; untraced. Witherell's Messenger died at Starks, Me., about 1859.. He was considered the best of the get of Winthrop Messenger and his stock was much sought for by horsemen from out of the State. Allen horse (Norridegwock Messenger) gray, 16 hands, 1200 pounds; foaled 1844; bred by James Moulton, Wayne, Me., got by the Hunton Horse : dam's pedigree unknown. Owned by Lewis Allen Norridgewock, Me., after^vards went to Springfield, Mass. Kennebec Messenger, gray; foaled 1846; bred by Lewis H. Blake, Mt. Vernon, Me.; got by Bush Messenger 2d; dam sorrel, called English. Sold when five to Geo. M. Robinson, Augusta, who kept him two years, took him to the first National Horse Fair at Springfield, Mass., and sold him to parties in Baltimore, whence he was taken to New Orleans, where he trotted in the thirties. Bush GEN. KNOX cxxiif Messenger 2d was a gray, son of Bush Messenger from a Canadian dam. Merrow Horse, (i-8), dark bay, compact build; foaled about 1 849 ; bred by Mr. I light, Athens, Me. ; got by Witherell's Messenger : dam bay, bred by John Woodman, said to be Morgan. Hight sold him to Harford Merrow of Hartland. He was something of a trotter and got Bettie Strickland, 2 :26. Winthrop Messenger was also reputed sire of the famous trot- ting mare Fanny Pullen, dam of Trustee, the first horse to trot twenty-miles inside of an hour. James Sherman, breeder of Sherman Morgan, the most famous son of the original Morgan, used to drive him in a team from Lyn- don, Vt., to Portland, Me., and Mr. Thompson states that the horse left some descendants in Maine. These colts must have been got before 18 19 as Mr. Sherman parted with the horse that year; and they are probably the earhest Morgans introduced into the State. The period may have been any^vhere from 181 3 to 18 19, and it is not improbable that Sherman Morgan had foals in Maine before Winthrop Messenger did. Bulrush Morgan, another of the three noted sons of Justin Morgan, was kept in Maine in 1831 and 1832. But before this, Royal Morgan, known in Maine as Morgan Rattler, son of Sherman Morgan, was taken to Maine as a colt and remained there till 1829; he was probably foaled in 1824. Morgan Rat, foaled in 1822, and got by Sherman Morgan was taken to Maine when young, and kept in the vicinity of Norway, Stanwich and Gray. In 1828, Morgan Trotter, son of Bulrush Morgan, was taken to Maine, being then about eight years old; and about 1835, the Enfield Horse, a son of Woodbury Morgan was introduced. Another son of Woodbury called Young Burbank, was taken to Maine about 1842, and was owned by a Mr. Farrar of Buckfield. These early scions of this celebrated stock were all good individuals, and their blood is a frequent factor in the fast trotters that later sprung from the Pine Tree State. The earliest of these was the brown gelding, Mac, 2 :28 (2 :27, saddle) one of the most famous of the early trotters, foaled 1843, bred in Canton, Me., and got by Morgan Caesar, a son of Wood- bury Morgan. Morgan Caesar was owned by Gen. John M. Eustace in Maine, from 1834 to 1842, and got several other fast ones besides Mac. His dam was by Quicksilver, son of imported Dey of Algiers. Gen. Knox, son of Vermont Hero, by Sherman Black Hawk: dam by Searcher, son of Barney Henry; 2d dam Morgan; was bred cxxiv THE HORSES OF AMERICA in Bridport, Addison County, Vt., foaled 1855, and taken to Maine in 1859. Winthrop Morrill, bred in Barre, Washington County, Vt., got by Young Morrill, from a dam by the Huckins' Horse, son of Royal Morgan, was foaled the same year as Gen. Knox (1855) and was also taken to Maine in 1 863. These two sires had a very marked effect in improving the trotters and roadsters of Maine. They were exceedingly popular, and have both a goodly line of descendants in the 2 :30 list. In fact the compilation of that list for the State, made by J, W. Thompson to the close of 1886, shows 123 Maine bred performers in 2:30 and better of which no less than fifty-nine, or almost one-half, trace in direct male line to Justin Morgan, a great majority through Gen. Knox or Winthrop Morrill. Shortly after the introduction of Winthrop Morrill, the Fear- naught Farm was established at Manchester, Me., by Messrs. Wright and Norcross. Here, under the supervision of Mr. E. L. Norcross, since 1868, for many years, the blood of Fearnaught, 2:23}^, son of Young Morrill and one of the handsomest horses of his day, and champion trotting stallion of the world when his record was made, has been bred and developed with much success. The Canadians have also contributed their share to the horse stock of Maine, the most important of which, the Brandywines of Morgan descent. There were besides the Crawford Horse, Whirlwind and Indian Chief, sketches of which will be found under their several names within. They are spoken of in high terms for their business qualities, and all but Indian Chief have descendants in the 2 130 list. The Drew Horse, often called old Drew occupies a prominent place among the noted horses of Maine. He was foaled at Exeter, Me., in 1842, and was largely of thoroughbred blood. He left two in the 2:30 list and got the dam of Midnight, 2:iS}{. His blood is found also in a large number of stout and successful cam- paigners. The Eaton Horse, foaled the same year (1842) at Anson, Me., deserves honorable mention. He was a large sorrel stallion that has left a number of speedy descendants. Rising Sun was another noted Maine horse foaled at Peru in 1843; also his son, the Rollins Horse, sire of Emperor, 2 : 30. All that is known of these horses is given under their names in the body of this work. In more recent years many descendants of Hambletonian have been introduced, the first of which was Gideon, brought in at four years by Col. T. S. Lang, and kept in Maine throughout his long career. MAC cxxv Mac was the greatest trotter of his day, beating Lady Suffolk seven in ten times, and when she beat him he was lame. John Record, Liver- more Falls, Me., son of Thomas Record, breeder of Mac, writes: " Mac's dam was a bay mare with dark points, breeding unknown. Father bought her of Dr. Cooledge of Canton, Me. She was four- teen years old when father bought her. He owned her two years before she had Mac. She was a good mare, and one of the best road mares of her day." Mac was foaled in 1843. This makes the mare foaled in 1827. Mr. Thompson says : " Mac's dam was a large_ powerful brown mare by Bush Mes- senger." This is impossible, as Bush Messenger was foaled in 1833, six years after the dam of Mac. Mr, Thompson is led into another mistake by copying Mr, Helm's remarks on the pedigree of Winthrop Morrill into his last book (Noted Maine Horses, 1887, p. 35), thus: "He has two crosses of Messenger, one of Duroc ; the one to the Vance Horse through old Morrill, and the dam of Morgan Eagle being by Cal- lendar, son of American Eclipse." The Vance Horse had no Mes- senger blood as we have already shown in The Morgan Horse and Register, Vol. L, p. 201. His pedigree will also appear in its place in this work. The Morgan Eagle that got the second dam of Win- throp Morrill was by Woodbury Morgan: dam the Cheney mare, said to be by Bulrush Morgan, a very different horse from the Morgan Eagle, said to be by Green Mountain Morgan from a dam by Callender. See The Morgan Horse and Register, Vol. L, pp, 207, 215 and 696, where the pedigrees of Winthrop Morrill and of these two Morgan Eagles are given. Winthrop Morrill had no Messenger or Duroc blood. {Jenks' Portland Gazette, Vol. VII.) 1804 — Farmer, full-blooded English, got by the celebrated Wildair ; dam of the Hunter breed. Colts famous for being large and beautiful. E. HATHAWAY. Beautiful full-blooded horse Young Traveler, bred in Pennsyl- vania, in Hebron, New Gloster, etc. ; 1 5 hands, milk white ; colts very fine ; $2 to $6. 1805 — Bold Ranger at Gorham, full-blooded English, ten years old, by that noted horse called Traveler, imported by Dr. Craig of Cambridge, Mass, cxxvi THE HORSES OF AMERICA {From Travels in North America, by Rochefoucaiilt, lyg^-y.) "In Northampton, Mass., numbers of horses are seen in the fields, which, however, are not remarkable for beauty. "Cattle are seen in great abundance and of a very fine breed. "In Maine, a pair of oxen costs here $60, a cow $18 or $20, Although no pains are taken to improve the breed of the cattle, they are in general good. "Present population of Maine, 100,000. Common pay of labor- ers, $6 to $8 a week. "One paper published at Portland, Me., twice a week. In New Hampshire a great variety of newspapers are published ; Ports- mouth has three, Dover two." BREEDING INTERESTS IN MAINE. Editor of American Horse Breeder : Whalebone Knox is still living, and is as robust as he was ten years ago. He was kept in the town of Palmyra, Somerset County, the years of 1885, 1886 and 1887, and left some fifty colts in the three seasons in the towns of Palmyra, Hartland, St. Albans, Pitts- field, Harmony and Ripley. Several of his patrons were by Dirigo, Brown Harry, VVinthrop Morrill, Gen. Lightfoot by Knox, Sanborn Horse by Knox, Morrill Horse by Knox, and one other son of Knox. He got three-fourths of the mares in foal that were bred to him the first two seasons. His get have more finish than the get of any other son of Knox, and are higher toned as a rule. He has more action when trotting, trots with resolution, and is a big-gaited horse. This was handed down from the Clark Horse (Whalebone Morgan) through Pollard Morgan. Lewiston Boy had the high knee action, but was not so big a gaited horse as W^halebone Knox. He was a horse that would go up to the top speed in going a few rods, and I think he could pull a skeleton wagon at the rate of 2 :30. Knox horses are somewhat out of fashion just now, but that does not make them any the less valuable. Whalebone Knox has averaged remarkably well as a sire of speedy roadsters that have size and style. Several hundred of the get of Whalebone Knox and the get of stallions that I have had, and what I have bred outside, are scattered over New England, and a good many are now being traced back to the breeder. EARLY MAINE TROTTERS cxxvii I have been interested in liorses from a mere boy; was born in Skowhe^an on the plains where the trotting park now stands. I well remember the mock races they had on the plains years ago. They had some fast pacers that came from Canada. Samuel Jacobs owned Highlander, a large Norman stallion, that could trot a three- minute gait. He was a high, pounding-gaited horse. Mr. Crawford also had Norman, a large, yellow-chestnut stallion, that could trot a three-minute gait. He had the same gait as the other. This must have been forty years ago. B. F. B. J. W. Thom pson in Vol . I. of "Noted Maine Horses," pub- lished 1874, gives the following table of the early Maine trotters with records of 2 : 30 or less : Baby Boy, 2:30 Mystic Park, Boston, Sept. 3, 1873 Barney Kelley, 2:26i< Buffalo, N. Y., Aug. 5, 1873 Bay Whalebone, 2:263^ Mystic Park, Boston, June 28, 1871 Belle of Portland, 2:26 New City Course, N. Y., Oct. 10, 1861 Belle Strickland, 2:26 Narragansett, R. L, Oct. 4, 1870 Blackstone Belle, 2 :28i^ Riverside Park, Boston, July 2, 1866 Camors, 2 -.20^2 Buffalo, N. Y., Aug. 16, 1873 Emperor, 2:30 Narragansett, R. I., Oct. 14, 1868 Fleetwood, 2:29 Troy, N. Y., Sept. 7, 1871 Gen. .AlcClellan, 2:26 Belfast, Me., Sept. 24, 1864 Geo. B. McCIellan ( now Dirigo), 2:29 Belfast, Me., Sept. 24, 1864 Gilbreth Knox, 2:26^ Narragansett, R. I., Oct. 7, 1869 Independence, 2:28 Beacon Course, N. J., July 4, 1843 Lady Mead, 2:22}i Prospect Park, L. L, Oct. 10, 1872 Lew Pettee, 2:29 Fashion Park, L. I., June 29, 1868 License, 2:263^ Fleetwood, N. Y., Sept. 22, 1870 Litde Fred, 2:263/^ Prospect, L. I., May 29, 1869 Mac, 2:27 Cambridge Course, Mass ., June 14, 1849 Madawaska Maid, 2:29^^ • Mystic Park, Boston, Oct. 6, 1868 Nabocklish, 2:2934: Cincinnati, Ohio, Aug. 16, 1864 Pelham, 2:28 Centreville, N. Y., July 2, 1849 Shepard Knapp Jr., 2 :29^ Mystic Park, Boston, June 7, 1869 St. Elmo, 2:293^ Mystic Park, Boston, June 21, 1872 Stranger, 2:30 Bangor, Me., July 4, 1855 Tammany, 2:27 Bangor, Me., , 1871 Uncle Abe (now G en- gary), 2 27 Buffalo, N. Y., Aug. 10, 1871 William H. Taylor, 2 29^ Narragansett, R. I., Oct. 14, 1868 Winthrop Morrill Jr., 2 28^ Prospect Park, L. I., Sept. 25, 1873 Zac. Taylor, 2 29 Philadelphia, Oct. 18, 1852 cxxviii THE HORSES OF AMERICA "This list of Maine 2 :30 horses I believe to be complete, with perhaps the following exceptions : I am informed, since the body of the work has been in the printer's hands, that the gray gelding, Hopeful, by Godfrey's George M. Patchen, which won a race at Prospect Park, September 23, 1873, in a field of twelve horses, win- ning the last three out of five heats, in 2 :26, 2 127, 2:25, was bred in Maine, near Newport, and kept there until four years old. I am also informed that Elisha won a record of 2:26 in California, and although I am unable to find any published account of said race, still I am inclined to place confidence in the statement. •' Shepard F. Knapp, the one that went to England, won a race near Paris, France, trotting two and a half miles in six minutes and fourteen seconds, which is a trifle better than 2:30 to the mile. Many believe that Plato, by Gen. Knox, has a record of 2:27^, and since my list of 2:30 horses appeared in the Maine Farmer I have received several letters, asking my reasons for not including Plato, To all such I will say that I am unable to find any such record to his credit. I have been informed, also, that Benjamin McClellan, who won the second heat in a race, at Troy, N. Y., July 24, 1867, in 2:30, was bred in Maine, and got by the Old Drew Horse, but I have failed entirely to identify him." EARLY HISTORY OF NFAV IIAMPSJIJRR NEW HAMPSHIRE. The hills were made for freedom ; they Break at a breath the tyrant's rod, Chains clank in valleys ; there the prey Writhes 'neath Oppression's heel alway : Hills bow to none but God ! — Williain Goldsmith Brown. THE earliest settlement of white men in the territory now occu- pied by the State of New Hampshire was made in 1623, at the places now known as Portsmouth and Dover. The Plymouth Com- pany, whose charter of 1620 from James I., covered this region, granted a sub-charter on the first of August 1622, to Sir Fernando Gorges and Captain John Mason, of all land lying between the Merrimac and Kennebec Rivers and a line 60 miles inland. It was parties sent out by Gorges and Mason that made the first settlements above mentioned, but these continued for several years without growth, mere fishing and trading posts ; and the next settlements, those at Exeter and Hampton, were not made till 1638 and 1639. Up to this time the region was known as Maine, or Laconia. In Novem- ber, 1629, Gorges and Mason divided their grant, and Mason obtained from the Plymouth Company a grant of the land between the Merri- mac and the Piscataqua for 60 miles inland, which tract he named New Hampshire, from the county in England whence he came. Imigration was discouraged by Indian troubles, as well as by con- flicting titles to the land. The four New Hampshire settlements, still weak, petitioned in 1641 for union with Massachusetts; they were received and, with some towns on the Merrimac, formed into a county. This union continued till 1680, when the claim which Massachusetts had put forward for jurisdiction over New Hampshire, was denied by royal authority, and New Hampshire was declared a separate province with a governor of its own. In 169 1, when Massachusetts regained the charter of which it had been deprived, New Hampshire was anxious to unite with it, and did act with it for a time. It did not however cease to be a royal province until the Revolution. Its settlement which had been delayed for many years by Indian in- vasions and questions of title and jurisdiction, progressed very rapidly cxxx THE HORSES OF AMERICA after these causes ceased to act, about 1764 ; so that, at the breaking out of the Revolution New Hampshire had 80,000 inhabitants. The early horses of New Hampshire were derived from her sister colonies, notably from Massachusetts, and partook of the char- acteristics of the pioneer stock of that colony. In Historical Views of the United States, by W. Winterbottom (New York, 1796), it is said of New Hamphshire (Vol. IV., p. 85) : "The first neat cattle imported from Europe into New Hamp- shire were sent by Captain John Mason and his associates about 1633 to stock their plantations and be employed in drawing lumber. These cattle were of a large breed and a yellow color, procured from Denmark. From the upper parts of New Hampshire great herds of fat cattle are drawn to the Boston market, whence the beef is exported. "At what time and by whom the horse was first imported does not appear. No particular care is taken by the people in general to improve the breed of this majestic and useful animal. The raising of colts is not accounted a profitable part of husbandry as the horse is but little used for draft. The proportion of horses to cattle is not more than one to twenty. Few live and die on the plantation where they are bred ; some are exported to the West Indies, but the most are continually shifted from one owner to another by means of a set of contemptible wretches called horse jockeys. Asses have been lately introduced into the country. The raising of mules derives en- couragement, as the exportation of them to the West Indies is more profitable than that of horses, and they may be used to advantage in traveling or carrying burdens in the rough or mountainous parts of the wilderness." It is apparent that the learned author had been trading horses in New Hampshire. EARLY HORSE ADVERTISEMENTS. (From New Star at Concord.) 1797 — Young Shakespeare. T. Dix, Jr., Boscawen. Driver. J. GiBBON, Henniker. Wildeer and Wildeer Jr. ; the last in all respects similar to the first, except in the fashionable gait of pacing. Young Recovery and Roebuck from Vermont; the latter by Cub of Virginia. Pennsylvania, bay, 15^ hands, from Pennsylvania. Prince Edward, full-blooded English, imported from England by Prince Edward and kept by him as a favorite parade horse while in Canada. EARLY HORSE ADVERTISEMENTS cxxxi i^From New Hampshire Sentinel.) 1797 — Phenomenon; lately imported at North Hampton. This from Hampshire Gazette at Portsmouth. Phenomenon, iGy'^ hands, chestnut, five years, etc. 1798 — Phenomenon again. Cantab, 16 hands; brought from Virginia. 1799 — Phenomenon and Janus. The noted horse called the Young Traveler will be kept in Plymouth. 18 16 — Quick Traveler; by old Quicksilver, six years. Bay Figure in Keene, etc.; got by the old Quicksilver: dam by imported Kildeer; 16 hands, five years. Prince Herod, Mercury and Hero. 18 1 7-18 — None. 18 19 — Stud Horse Phoenix; $1 to $4, in Keene, Young King William. 1820 — The Wildeer in Keene 182 1 — None. The following are from files of papers in the Keene (N. H.) City Library : 1799 — The Rising Sun, bay; by noted full-blooded horse Eclipse; at Keene. The Gordan in Keene, at $4 to $6. Full-blooded Hero and celebrated Taylor Horse in Winchester, Warwick, etc. ; beautiful bay. Full-blooded horse Partner, bay, 15 hands, mane light and elegant. The Arab, clear white, kept here several years in Keene. J. Dorr, 1800 — Brilliant in Keene by J. Grant; said horse has been kept at Newfane and Brattleboro for a number of years past. The Newmarket, bright bay, 6 years, 15^ hands; by the noted Pool Horse ; in Keene. The Gordan in Sullivan. 1 801 — Nimrod in Keene. Bay, black mane and tail and star; 16 hands, by full-blooded horse Nimrod; owned by Dr. Dyer, Canterbury, Conn. $2 to $4. The Newmarket; Raven, 4 years, 16 hands, star, by Curtis Horse of Windsor, in Keene. Young Splendor, full-blooded English, in Keene. Victory in Walpole and Keene. cxxxii THE HORSES OF AMERICA A fine Hunter, ch., with star, dark mane and tail, i6 hands, very lengthy and gay ; by full-bred horse Washington of Virginia : dam by imported Bulrock. Defiance in Swanzey; sire, famous Chandler Horse. D. TWITCHELL. 1801 — Prince Herod in Sullivan, etc. 1802 — Red Bird, bred on Long Island, where his reputation as a sire is fully established; beautiful bay, 16 hands, and for smart- ness none exceed him; in Keene $2 to $3. Young President in Keene ; got by President kept in Hartford some years : dam, full-blooded mare lately owned by Nathan Nye of Randolph, Vt. Young Wildair, dark sorrel, in Keene. Young Paymaster in Swanzey, etc. ; bred by Capt. Pratt of Winchester. 1803 — Wildeer and Sweet Briar in Keene; Young Splendor, Westmoreland ; Camelian, Walpole, etc. 1804 — Spotless, Federal Republican, and imported Sweet Briar, at Keene. Bajazet, two seasons past in Jeffrey ; bay; at Dublin, etc. Young Janus, six years, dark bay, 16 hands, in Keene. 1805 — Sweet Briar. 1806 — Young Eagle in Jeffrey. Young Janus in Keene. 1 807 — Paymaster. Cincinnatus, black, known as Crombie or Stickney Horse, in Keene, etc. 1 808 — Paymaster. 1 81 3 — Prince Herod in Keene; Young Commodore, 4 years, 16 hands, in Fitzwilliam. 1 8 14 — Sprightly Cub in Chesterfield, Putney, etc. King Wil- liam, a full-blooded English horse, i^Yz hands, beautiful bay; in Keene; $4. 1 81 5 — Commodore, King Herod, Quicksilver in Keene. J. Bellows, Jr. Young Hero. The Traveler at stable of Benoni Shurtleff, Keene, Saturdays; at Capt. Drew's, Walpole, Wednesdays ; stable of subscriber, Surry, through the season; $3 to $5. WiLLlAM BAXTER, Surry. Magnum Bonum in Ackworth. Gray colt in Marlboro. 1 8 16 — Hero in Nelson, Dublin, etc. Bay Figure, by Quicksilver: dam by imported Kildeer of EARLY HORSE ADVERTISEMENTS cxxxiii Hartford, Conn.; 5 \-cars, 16 hands; for speed exceeded by none; in Walpole, etc.; $3 to $5. Mercury in Sullivan Co. Quick Traveler in Alstead, etc. ; got by Quicksilver, six years i $2 to $5. Francis Holbrook. Surry, April 17, 18 16. his horse will recommend himself with those who have proved his stock. 1817 — Bay Figure, 6 years, 16 hands, in Walpole, Alstead, etc. 1 8 19 — Stud horse Phoenix, at stable of Solon Sumner, $1 to $4, Keene ; Nathan Pond. Young King William, Swanzey, etc. 1820 — The Wildeer in Keene. 1824 — Diomede. 1827 — Spanish horse and Diomede. 1828 — Three Spanish horses; Diomede. 1829 — Diomede. Offers $20 to $30 for colts four weeks old in Keene. L. Page, 1 83 1 — Diomede. American Hero in Keene. 1832 — Diomede, known in Massachusetts as Taylor or North- ampton Colt, in Keene. Young Morgan [Woodbury Morgan], in Walpole and Keene. Young Morgan is own brother to the Sherman Morgan that was kept at Charleston, Mass., the last two seasons. $10. Jerre Johnson. 1833 — Young Morgan, 16 hands, beautiful chestnut; bred in New York ; got by old Duroc, L. Page. 1834 — Long Island Bellfounder, 15^, six years; by old Bell- founder, in Keene. L. Page. 1835 — Long Island Bellfounder. 1836 — Young Mikel Raeker in Keene. 1838 — Indian Morgan colt; by old Sherman, in Keene, etc.; trots quick, runs fast, and for beauty and activity is not excelled by any other horse. James Raymond, Keene. Prince Raeker in Sullivan, 1842 — The celebrated horse Mikel Raeker [A Canadian horse] in Westmoreland, Putney, Vt. ; Dummerston, Vt. ; Chesterfield, and Keene, N. H. W. Kingsbury. The following are from files of papers in the Antiquarian library, Worcester, Mass. : cxxxiv THE HORSES OF AMERICA {From DartnioiitJi, N. //., Ccntinel.) 1794 — Regulus in Norwich, dark bay, 15^2, nine years old; bred by Nathaniel Heard ; got by the full-blooded bay horse Wilkes, owned by Col. Grant; Wilkes by Selim, which ran at Philadelphia in 1762 and won $1000 against True Briton and was owned by Samuel Galloway, Esq. $2 to $4. (Signed) ROSWELL Olcott. The Young Hunter at Concord. Koulikan, 1 5 hands, six years old, light sorrel ; got by the noted Geer Horse and advertised at Lyme by Joseph Bellows. Young Ranger, in Thetford, Vt., 15 hands, six years old, light roan in color; got by the noted horse Ranger, kept in the State of Connecticut. $1 to $2. (Signed) FREDERICK Mann. 1795 — The Peacock in Rumney and Warren, iS%, dark bay and elegant gait ; advertised by David S. Craig, Warren, N. H. ; $1 and $2. The Prentice Horse in Claremont, by imported Driver. The Geer Horse in Plainfield and Claremont. W. Dean. 1795 — The Pilgrim, Young Ranger. Young Roebuck and Hyder Alii. The Young Vergennes, five years, 16 hands, bright bay, in Lyme. Joseph Bellows. 1796 — English Lark by Pool Horse. Young Vergennes, Recovery or Stiff Shins; black horse Othello, 16 hands, six years; got by Recovery. American, by Recovery, 16 hands, bay. Cardinal Woolsey or Hough horse, eight years, bay, 16^ hands. Hermit by imported Liberty, etc., etc. The Chandler Horse is also advertised at Hanover, and Recov- ery, full-blooded English, at Lebanon. 1796 — Cardinal Woolsey, known as the Hough Horse, at the stable of Joel Tilden in Lebanon; eight years old, bright bay, 16 hands, full-blooded, etc. (Signed) JOEL TiLDEN, Sam. Bingham. Hermit, dark bay, full-blooded, by old Liberty, imported : dam by the famous Bulrock, grandam by Wildeer, etc. Advertised by Roger Enos, Hartland ; $8 to $12. America by imported Recovery; dam full-blooded mare after old Ranger, bright bay, 16 hands, six years old. (Signed) JOHN HATCH, Norwich. 1796 — Young Traveler — The famous full-blooded, milk-white EARL ] ' JIORSl'l AD J 'KR 7 ■ISEMKNTS rxxxv horse called the Young Traveler, 15^^ hands, from the State of Pennsylvania, will be kept the ensuing season at the stable of Col. David Webster at 15 to 42 shillings. Said horse was got by the famous imported horse called the Traveler, whose dam was imported from Europe. Advertised by William Webster & Co., Plymouth. The same year appears announcement of Golden Britain, well known by the name of the Geer Horse, which is advertised by William Dean of Plainfield. {From the United States Oracle of the Day, PortsniontJi.) 1800 — Young Traveler — This beautiful bay horse, 15 j!/, will be kept at Greenland ; six years old, nervous, strong-built. He was by the Traveler or noted Craig Horse (so-called). (Signed) T. G. Dearborn. The owner of Traveler offers him for sale. Hero is advertised in Rochester; full-blooded young horse called Hero, of a fine changeable bay, four years old, 16 hands; got by the well-known imported horse called the Traveler, from that full-blooded mare called the Young Duchess, and she was from the old Duchess, imported by Gov. John Wentworth, etc., etc. Rochester, May 9, 1800. Samuel Ayers advertised Golden Eagle in Greenland ; three years old, 15 hands, got by Traveler, an imported English horse. Bold Hunter, also, is advertised to be kept at Greenland. (^Froin the Concord Courier.) 1797 — Merry Traveler ; by Merry Traveler of England. Ranger and Wildeer in Salisbury. "My horse is neither French nor Dutch, nor never came from Canada; is a Hunter." This is prefixed with Warwick: "Much hath been said about horses, this and the past year. I shall say but little about mine. This much I will venture to say that my horse is neither French," etc., and signed JOHN Bachelder, Concord. 1798— Ranger, Young Shakespeare, Cantab, Pilgrim, Young Fox Hunter, four years old, I5>^, seven-eighths blooded ; brought last season from Hartford, Conn., to be kept in Moultonboro. Young Traveler, milk-white ; Janus ; Young Golden Briton, or Sorrel Horse, in Plymouth. Swan, 1 5 hands, three-fourths blooded ; formerly kept at Boston. Young Reindeer, four years, 16 hands. Royal George; Fleetwood, English and Dutch blooded, bright bay, black mane and tail ; very few that will equal him in speed. cxxxvi THE HORSES OF AMERICA 1800 — Godolphin, "the famous full-blooded," in Dunbarton ; dark bay, 161^. Pedigree: "I certify that I bred said horse; that his dam was by the old Ranger, and he by Washington ; bred in Virginia. ROGER Wardsworth." President, owned by Col. Roswell Orcutt, Norwich, Vt., adver- tised in Boscawen and Concord by A. Burnham ; also Pantaloon by Recovery, etc. 1 801 — Phenomenon appears again. Wanted — To purchase, 30 elegant horses, none under 15 hands ; 1 5 of them are wanted to be studs, first rate, black, chest- nut or bay. Samuel Howe, Portsmouth. 1802 — Young Ranger in Plymouth by S. Wells, described as milk white and lately from the city of Hartford. "Wanted — A few young handsome horses, in good order, for shipping." Highlander, bred by Jeremiah Lounsbury, Bedford, Westchester Co., N. Y., is advertised to be at Sandbornton. Cyrius Finch of Newington advertises Aurelius, owned and kept a few years by John Welch, New London ; grandsire, Bucephalus, imported. Aurelius was raised by John Wheeler, Stoningham, Conn.; dark chestnut, 16 hands. 1803 — Cardinal Puff is advertised at Henniker. 1803 — Traveler — The noted full-blooded milk-white horse, called the Traveler (which has been kept at the stable of Col. David Webster in Plymouth for several seasons past), will be kept the ensuing season at the stable of Mr. Ezra Hutchins in Exeter and in Epping at $2.50 to $4.50. Wm. Webster & Co., Plymouth, April, 1803. Young Rockingham in Dunbarton. {From the New HanipsJiirc Gazette.^ 1800 — Phenomenon, lately imported by Lane, Baesley & Co., at Northampton; chestnut, 16 hands, nine years old. " Will be kept this season in the stable of Mr. George Lane, Wolfboro, the Ranger, from a good-blooded mare, and got by the well-known, full-blooded horse called the Traveler, owned at Cambridge in Massachusetts and esteemed the best horse in New England; Ranger, 16 hands, bay; also Highlander, got by an imported horse called the Highlander; middling size, dapple bay, four years old this spring. (Signed) NATHANIEL Brown." EARL V HORSE AD VERTISEMENTS cxxxvii Young Lion in Barrington; dark red, 14)^, and is allowed by good judges to be as handsome a horse as any in this part of the country. The last season he covered 40 marcs. (Signed) David McDaniel. 1 8 16 — "The noted horse, old Hero. This extraordinary horse is not less remarkable for the uniform excellence of his stock than for his own uncommon qualities. Now forty years old, he possesses all the beauty and vigor of youth. That the old Hero is remarkably sure for colts is certain, etc., etc. Terms, $3 to $6. Jeremiah Emery, Concord, April 23, 18 16." Noah West advertises same season the Ranger Spy, almost 17 hands; got by that English horse Ranger of lower Canada. "His colts are esteemed higher than either of those wonderful horses. Hero or Bulrock." 1 81 3 — In the Constitutionalist of Exeter, N. H., there is adver- tised by Joseph Blake of Epping, Young Herod, five years old, at Sherburne and Raymond. Rising Sun at Canterbury; 16 hands. Duke of York at Pembroke; 16 hands, etc. There is a very long advertisement of Bulrock ; also of Tele- scope, "Which last year accompanied Bulrock," to be kept, etc., at Salisbury. The above horse is known in Croyden as Young Slender, formerly owned by Mr. Rich of Claremont. (Signed) B. THOMPSON, Jr., Andover, N. H. 181 5 — The old Hero was imported and is 39 years old — far superior to the celebrated Bulrock ; known by the name of the Plummer Horse, and will be kept at Salisbury ; he was got by old Driver, imported by Gov. Wentworth. In 181 5 Samuel French of Boscawen advertised the Young Charger "that can boast of as good blood as any horse in the country ; bright bay," etc. • {From the Nezv Hampshire Patriot, Concord, Vol. /., 18 og.) Young Herod, chestnut with star ; got by Bold Hero of Phila- delphia : dam owned by N. Brown of Portsmouth. Sam Wiley. Hamet Bashaw ; by Dey of Algiers ; imported by Col. James Swan in 1800: dam, an Arab mare imported at the same time. At Concord. JOHN Odlin. Peacemaker at Hopkinton, full-blooded, 17 hands; foaled 1799; imported from Barbadoes to Pennsylvania. cxxxviii THE HORSES OF AMERICA i8io — Bold Hunter, Bajazet, imported by Col. Ramsey of Con- necticut, in Weare. Also Young Herod, Hamet Bashaw and Young Fearnaught. Hamet Bashaw, Young Eagle at Dunbarton and London. S. CLEMENT. A. Messer. Young Herod. Young Fearnaught; foaled i8o6; i6 hands. M. Richardson. Young Bajazet, imported from England by Col. Ramsay of Connecticut, and lately owned by John Prentice of Londonderry; in Weare. JOHN Melyin. l8ii — Hunter or Mayhew Horse. Young Eagle. For strength, speed and beauty his colts have not been equalled. To be kept at Canterbury. Ames & Messer. Young Hamlet; by imported Hamlet. Arabian White. iRA CoCHRAN, New Boston. igi2 — Young Fearnaught, i6 hands, si:fc years, at Pembroke. Young President, i6 hands, six years old. E. Hackett. 1813 — Hunter, in Deering, Henniker and Hillsboro ; bred in New York from the fleet race of horses; 16 hands, bay. N. Jones. Bulrock, formerly owned by Shubael and James Converse, Ran- dolph, Vt., in Andover and Salisbury; foaled 1805. B. Thompson, Jr. Highly recommended by John French, Joseph Edson of Ran- dolph and others. 1 8 14 — Hunter, formerly known by the name of the Pattee Horse, 15^ hands. JOHN MOLONEY, Northfield. Young Quicksilver, dark bay, 16 hands; got by the imported horse, Quicksilver ; owned by Gen. Bellows of Walpole. T. Wallace, Goffstown. Young Robin at London, Pittsfield, Pembroke and Canterbury. WiLLL\M St. Clair. Bulrock and Telescope — the last bay, 16 hands, star and one white foot. B- THOMPSON, Andover. Mercury. Stephen Gale, Conway. 1815 — The Peeler, English ; foaled 18 10; 16 hands. D. SprAGUE, Bedford. EARL Y JIORSE AD I KRTISEMENTS cxxxix Black Prince ; by Black Trince, imported by Col. Wadsvvorth, Kilburn and Ramsley in 1797: dam, the Bissell Mare of Kast Wind- sor, Conn., very noted. Owned since 1808 in Walpolc by Bellows, etc. Young Quicksilver; foaled 1809; bay, black points, full 15 hands. T. Wallace, Goffstown. Bulrock. Telescope, known in Croyden as Young Slender and formerly owned by Mr. Rich of Claremont. B. THOMPSON, Andover, "Young Elephant, full-blooded, formerly owned by David S. Eaton of Boston ; at Mt. Vernon. Mark A. Perkins, Mt. Vernon." We think this sire of 2d dam of Lady Surry, dam of Henry Clay, in accordance with information from Peter W'. Jones of Amherst, N. H., who wrote to Mr. Wallace that Lady Surry was a superior saddle mare, owned by Mark D. Perkins, who got her of the Young Muzzy boys, who once owned her dam which was got by an English horse owned or imported by David S. Eaton of Waltham, Mass. L. M. Hall, city clerk of Waltham, Mass., writes under date of January 13, 1904: " David S. Eaton lived here 1814; the records show^ that he had a son born here that year." \\\ the Patriot of Concord of 181 5 appears the following adver- tisement: That full-blooded horse, formerly owned by David S. Eaton of Boston, will be kept the ensuing season for the use of mares on Mondays and Saturdays at James Ray's tavern in Mount Vernon ; on Tuesdays at Peter Woodbury's in Francestown ; on Wednesdays at Safford's tavern in New Boston; on Thursdays at James.Wallace's in Miiford, and on F'ridays at Parley's in Hollis. Said horse is 17 hands high, of bright bay color, with a black mane and tail, and is well proportioned. He is five years old this spring. Terms, t\vo dollars a leap, three dollars the season, and six dollars to insure a foal, Should the owner dispose of a mare, which is warranted, within one year, he will consider himself as liable to be called upon for the price of the warrant. Mark D. Perkins, Mount Vernon, April 15, 181 5. Duke of York, bay, 16 hands. Prince Edward and Wild Hunter — the last gray and three years old. cxl THE HORSES OF AMERICA i8i6 — Peeler, Bulrock; Young Herald, i6 hands, seven years old; formerly owned by Major Cilley, M. FURBER, Nottingham. Wild Hunter, i6 hands, gray; by old Stargazer, imported from England: dam, a Messenger mare of Florida, N. Y. At Claremont, etc. W. Dudley. Young Phenomenon, etc. Wild Hunter from Florida, N. Y. ; got by old Stargazer,. which was imported from England, served at $i8 the leap and was sent for by his owner two years after his arrival in America, now kept in England and is there much noted. W. Dudley, Newport. Bulrock, Young Sweepstakes. Old Hero ; by old Driver ; imported by Gov. Wentworth. Hero ; foaled 1776. J. Emory, Concord. Magnum Bonum at Newport, dark bay, 17 hands. .His stock may be reviewed at Alstead, where he has been kept last two years. E. Chellis & Co., 1816. Bulrock, Young Sweepstakes, in Springfield, kept at Strafford, Vt., from 18 10 to 1 8 14. Recommended by Col. Bellows, etc. Also Wild Hunter in Claremont and Newport; got by old Star Gazer. Not more than three weeks from Florida, N. Y., where or near which he has been kept five seasons : dam, a Messenger mare, dapple gray, eight years. WlLLL\M DUDLEY. Young Quicksilver, Young Phenomenon ; got by the Lawrence ; Nasby at Hartford, Vt, by imported Nasby of Virginia ; brought into State by J. Parkhurst, 181 5. New York Prince at Chester and Beachwood. Got by noted imported New York Prince. Young Herald by old Herald at Nottingham. The Peeler, full-blooded English, at Dunbarton. Harmonica at Henniker. Hamet Bashaw at Concord, N. H., dapple gray, full-blooded Arabian, 15 hands, six years old; got by Dey of Algiers, imported by Col. Swan : dam the gray Arab mare, imported same time. 18 1 7 — Black Prince, old Hero, Mercury, Young Nasby; Young Eagle, formerly owned by Thomas Tucker of Henniker. B. Alcock. 18 18 — Bulrock, etc. 1 8 19 — Young Eagle, formerly owned by B. Alcock. N. Ho^VARD, Weare. EARL 3 ' JfOKSK AD I 'JiRTISEMENTS cxlf Hero Jr. and old Hero. Young Quicksilver: dam, full-blooded ; raised by Simon Smith, Windsor, bay, i6j^ hands, etc. \\. Pike, Jr. 1820 — Young All Fours, Black Prince, Young Bulrock and Highlander — full-blooded English horse, bay, 16 hands, at Wearc. 1 82 1 — Young Boxer; raised in Virginia, chestnut, etc. Black Prince; Young All P'ours, ten years old, 15^ hands; dam by White Horse of Plymouth or noted Webster Horse. 1822 — Young Quicksilver. E. Hutciiins, Andover. 1823 — Young Hero. 1824 — Young Peacock; got by the imported horse Peacock: dam, a beautiful bay called Speed Eagle, got by the noted horse Morgan, the most celebrated horse ever in Vermont. Young Pea- cock, \6y2, hands, etc. Ebenezer Pike, R. HUSE, Strafford. 1825 — Young Leopard. Young Herod, red, 16 hands; foaled 18 18, J. Eastman, Concord. Young Bulrock. N. Haynes, Epsom. Royal George. Allex Hackett, Canterbury. Young New York Prince, black. D. Little, Hempstead. Young Royal George ; by the noted Royal George, imported from England : dam, Dutch from New York. 1826 — Young Hero. l827^Noted horse Shark at Sandwich, Moultonboro and Mere- dith; got by old Shark, an imported horse. J. S. OuiMBY, S. Mason. Young Hunter. 1828 — ^Verne. Prince Edward, Wild Hunter, Young Elephant, Bulrock, Tele- scope, Duke of York. Young Bay Figure, advertised by E. Cressy, Bradford. Gay Robin, four years, E. Danford, Boscawen. 1829 — The Old Morgan, more generally known as the old Mor- gan Sherman Horse, will be kept at the stable of Mr. Gibbs at Littleton Village, N. H., this season. No history or recommendation is necessary to those who have seen this horse or his stock. He has been kept for many years at Danville, Caledonia County, Vt, by John Buckminster, Esq., and' is by far the best sire in the State of Vermont or New Hampshire. Terms, $6 the single leap, $8 the season, $10 to warrant. JOHN BELLOWS, Lancaster. cxlii THE HORSES OF AMERICA Young Morgan v/ill be kept in New Boston, Francestown, Lyndeboro, Hollis and Amherst Plain. He is a business horse as firm as any bone or flesh ever put together. He took first premium at the cattle show last fall with good judges. 1829. M. D. Perkins. 1830 — Grand Turk, same blood, color, etc., as Eclipse; pur- chased at Princeton, N. J. A. COLBY, New London. Dutch Morgan Trotter — A grandson of the old Dutch Morgan Horse and a fair sample of his grandsire. His size is 15 hands and well proportioned; as it respects bone, muscle and speed, he has no rival in this section of country. To be kept at J. Bean's, Holderness ; Sam M. Sentor's, Centre Harbor; Josiah Fiske's, Moultonboro; N. Vinton's, Sandwich; J. Wiggins', Somersworth; E. Renwick's, Tamworth, etc. \V. B. Chapin, Moultonboro, 1830. It is quite noticeable that repeatedly the Morgan stallions are recommended for their speed, and very seldom any other. The noted Dutch Horse, known in Vermont as old Morgan Sherman, at Dover, and So. Berwick, Me. ; Wednesdays, Great Falls, Somersworth, Rochester and Concord. Bred by James Sherman, Lyndon, Vt. : dam, an imported Dutch Hungarian mare, etc. His colts take the lead in New England and New York markets, etc. $10 to $14. John Bellows. Thoroughbred horse Catholic at Concord. 1 83 1 — Old Hunter. Young Morgan Sherman, seven years old, chestnut, 15 hands; by Sherman Morgan. W. Colby, Warren. 1832 — A true son of old Sherman Morgan, Cock of the Rock at Plymouth and vicinity. George Bello\vs, Lancaster. Young Sherman King in Moultonboro ; bred by David Goss & Son of St. Johnsbury, Vt., and got by Sherman IMorgan. S. C. GiBBS. Silver Gray at Canterbury and London, 16 hands. G. LOVERING, 1832. Hunter, recently from New York. J. T. COFFIN. Old Sherman Morgan, accompanied by one of his true sons, will be kept the ensuing May and June at Dover, Durham, Somers- worth, So. Berwick and Rochester. John Bellows, Lancaster, 1832. 1833 — Bucephalus; got by one of old Hunter's colts; gray, six years, etc. B. B. SCRIBNER, Concord, EARL V HORSE AD VERTJSEMENTS cxliii 1834 to 1840 inclusive. None. 1856 — The Sherman Morgan, a grandson of the original Justin Morgan, and Kent Morgan, a grandson both of old Sherman and old Woodbury, at Lancaster. A. J. CoNGDON. i860 — Ajax. Henry H. Smith. The Librarian at Concord says: "A two-year-old colt called Shark was sent from England to New Hampshire ; owned by Mr. Helton; 1300 pounds, bay, about 1835. About 40 years ago a horse called Danvers Boy was taken by George Martin to Danvers, Mass., afterwards, I think, sold for $10,000 and went to Ohio." This was a son of Napoleon Morgan, by Flint Morgan, son of Sherman Morgan : dam of Napoleon Morgan, said to be by Cock of the Rock, son of Sherman Morgan. (yFro)ii Farmers' Cabinet, Amhersi, Neiv Hampshire.) 1803 — Merry Momus at Bedford. The Morning, red, 16 hands, four years old. Cardinal Puff, imported, at Henniker. 1804 — Young Comet, bay, 15^ hands, six years. A. Gould, Mason. Wild Roe at Mt. Vernon, Nashua, etc.; red, 16 hands. L. W^ Ray. Swift; Magnum Bonum, bay, 15 hands, seven years; bred by Gen. Derby, Salem, Mass., from a full-blooded English mare got by the best horse ever imported to New York, that covered at $40 the leap. Sour Crout, 16 hands, almost black. Godolphin, bay, 16 hands, at Dunbarton. 1805 — Magnum Bonum. Godolphin. 1806 — Bajazet, full-blooded, bay. 1809 — "Take notice. The Young Traveler will be kept coming season at Wm. Parker's in Bedford; Capt. Stark's in Dunbarton; Theophilus Stanley's in Hopkinton ; Captain Eaton's in Weare; James Shirley's in Goffstown ; J. Goodhue's, New Boston ; Esty's, Mount Vernon ; R. T. Bass' in Wilton ; Dea. Lovejoy's in IMilford and James Stanley's in Goffstown ; $4 to $6. The Young Traveler is an elegant bright bay, 16 hands high and 6 years old this spring. This noted horse has for the three last years been kept at Ben. Bassett's stable in Milton, and is known to be one of the finest horses in the county. Constantly attended by the subscriber. Thomas Shirley. Goffstown, May 4, 1809." cxliv THE HORSES OF AMERICA The Young Paymaster in New Boston, dark ch., i6 hands. John Upton. 1813 — Young Elephant; Arabian Prince; spotted, 15 hands, seven years. I. Marsh, Dunstable. 1 8 14 — Young Traveler in Wilton, chestnut, four years, owned by Jabez Goldsmith ; equalled by few for strength, beauty and activity. Hunter, bay, 16 hands, brought from New York in the fall of 1812. N. Jones. 181 5 — Hunter, etc. 18 1 7 — Bulrush, etc, 18 1 8 — Aurum, Dutch, nine years, brought from New York in 1 8 16, bay; for strength, beauty and elegance no horse can excel him. At Claremont. 1819-20 — None. 1 82 1 — Emperor; by the imported horse Quicksilver, owned by Bellows; bay with black points, 15 hands, six years old. R. Wallace, Milford. 1822 — Emperor and New York Prince, black. F. LOVEJOY, Milford. 1824 — New York Prince. The young horse Washington Gray. He is of the line of Black Prince. L. Sprague, Bedford. Financier at Wilton, etc. ; got by the famous race horse. Finan- cier, imported : dam, a beautiful Spanish mare now owned on Long Island. James Wilson. 1825 — Young Financier. 1826 — Comet, 16 hands. Leopard advertised by Mark D. Perkins. Young Farmer advertised by E. Tapley, Wilton. 1827 — Young Morgan at Milford, Hollis, Lyndeboro and New Boston. Mark D. Perkins, Mt. Vernon. 1830 — Young Nondescript; raised by John Muzzey of Peter- boro ; at Boston, Hollis, etc.; bright bay, six years old, a horse of great power. One of his colts sold for $500. Mark D. Perkins. 1 83 1 — Eclipse at Thomas Muzzey's in Weare, etc., bay, 15 hands, five years old. GEORGE W. .Parker, Goffstown. The Young Lion, dapple gray, 15 hands, pedigree good. J. Cochran, Amherst. Young Morgan, seven years old ; a good horse for business. M. D. Perkins. EARL Y JIORSR AD VER TISEMENRS cxlv 1834 — Eclipse, bay, four years old; got by the English horse Hyland. S. LOVEJOY, Wilton. Nondescript. M. D. Perkins. Sir Charles at Wilton, Hollis, etc. Sold when five years old for $1000; is now eight; was raised in Montpclicr, Vt., and got by Olive Branch; dapple bay, 16 hands, 1600 pounds, pedigree good. J. COCIIRyVN. Wild Napoleon at New Boston, etc. ; eight years old, black, remarkably short back, long hips and low, bone flat, limbs great, cordy and muscular. Got by the Napoleon horse owned by the Agricultural Society of Paris; trotted six leagues in sixty-nine min- utes and took a purse of 625 pounds; grandsire owned by Gen. Napoleon Bonaparte and kept by him for a parade horse. His dam was a dapple gray mare and was imported from Paris to the Wild River (near Halifax), where he was foaled; the fall after he was bought at $100, and taken up to Three Rivers and from there recently bought by G. E. Cargit of Lancaster and kept by him till 1833, then sold to John Hale of Haverhill. S. H. Train, Amherst. 1835 — Wild Napoleon; has spirit and energy without end and his speed upon the walk, trot and turf cannot be matched. Young American Eagle or Wood Horse. J. Balch. 1838— None. 1839 — Sir Edward, a Dutch horse; raised in Dutchess County, N. Y. ; has been kept three or four years in Hillsboro. M. D. Perkins, Mt. Vernon. 1840 — Young Nondescript. M. D. Perkins. 1 84 1-42-45 — None. 1845 — Young Morgan at Amherst, New Boston and Mt. Vernon. M. D. Perkins. 1846 — Mikel Raeker or Thayer Horse at Bedford, Mt. Vernon, etc. Can trot or rack a mile in 2 130. He is a full-blooded French horse and built for hard service. M. D. PERKINS. 1847 — Mikel Raeker; Easy Traveler; four years old. M. D. Perkins. Wild Indian, ten years old ; raised by an Indian in the wilder- ness of Canada. Sam Vose, Amherst. 1849 — Wild Indian. 1852 — Mikel Raeker. G. W. Bagleigh. Morgan Tiger or the Bell Horse at New Boston, Wilton, etc. M. D. Perkins. cxlvi THE HORSES OF AMERICA 1853 — Mr. Perkins advertises again Morgan Tiger or Bell Horse. 1854 — Young Green Mountain Morgan at Milford, etc.; by Green Mountain Morgan, owned by Silas Hale, Abel ChasE. Mark D. Perkins appears repeatedly in these advertisements, and generally with a Morgan horse. This is the I\Ir. Perkins that at one time owned Lady Surry, said to have been by Revenge, son of Justin Morgan, and sold her to Daniel W. Gilmore formerly grocer at City Hall Place and Pearl Street, New York City. Mr. Gilmore rode her to New York City with a young man named Lovejoy, son or relative of the Lovejoy who kept a hotel. She passed to Mr. Piatt, a noted builder, then to George M. Patchen, New Jersey, who bred her to Andrew Jackson, son of Young Bashaw, by Grand Bashaw, producing Henry Clay, progenitor (^ the Clay family of horses. Gen. Taylor at Milford, etc.; by Green Mountain Morgan: dam, the Patterson Mare, owned by Dr. J. Crombie, Francestown ; dark chestnut, seven years old, well built, prompt and spirited, with good action; 1 100 pounds. P. M. RossiTER, Milford. Black Morgan in Amherst. JOHN L. PoOLE, Hollis, 1854. 1855 — Young Green ]\Iountain Morgan and Young Woodbury Morgan at Milford, etc. : dam of Young Green Mountain by Muzzey Horse; seven years old. Young Woodbury ; got by Green Moun- tain Morgan: dam, a full-blooded Morgan; three years old, dark chestnut, 1000 pounds. Abel Chase. Gifford Morgan at New Boston, Wilton, Mt. Vernon, etc. M. D. Perkins. 1856 — Young Green Mountain Morgan. H. Prouty, Milford. Young Woodbury. A. CHASE, Milford. 1857 — ^Telegraph, a fast trotting stallion. 1 85 8 — Young Green Mountain Morgan. A. CHASE. 1859 — None, and none in 1865 to 1869, inclusive. {^From OlipJianfs History of the United States. Edinburgh, iSoo, page 8 J.) " The breed of horses has been neglected, as this animal is little used for draught. The proportion of horses to neat cattle is not more than one to twenty." "Tables of Exports" for one year (1797) has "Horses, 11 37." also says: "The staple commodities of New Hampshire are ships, lumber, provisions, fish, horses, potasn, pcci.l::f:h and flaxseed* all of which compose part of their exports." Addison County, Vermont. EARLY HISTORY OF VERMONT cxlvil V E R M O N T. Land of the forest and the rock ; Of deep blue lake and noble river : Of mountains reared aloft to mock The storm's career, the lightning's shock My own green land, forever ! — Whit tier. VERMONT was so named from the color of her mountains, clothed from base to summit in perennial green. The early history of this State is utterly unlike that of any other in the Union. Vermont was never organized as a province under the crown of Eng- land ; was never recognized by the crown as a separate jurisdiction. She constantly refused, moreover, to submit to any provincial gov- ernment,— never once recognized the authority either of the province she was nominally placed under, or of any other external power. The inhabitants of the New Hampshire Grants, as Vermont was called before her organization as a State, therefore found themselves from the first a community without a government, bound together only by their common interests and social affections. "The history of Vermont is hence," says Prof. Zadock Thomp- son in his history of the State, "that of a people assuming the powers of government and advancing by successive steps from a state of nature to the establishment of a civil compact, and to a regular and efficient organization," It must not be assumed, however, that Vermont was ever a law- less community. Her pioneers, mostly from Connecticut, New Hampshire, Massachusetts and New York, came Avithin her borders well schooled in the art of local self-government, and with a keen sense of the rights of person, property and opinion. Save in their contests with those who would deprive them of their lands or their liberties, in which they made the name of the Green IMountain Boys a terror to their enemies, there is no record of a more peaceful and law-abiding people. "The first civilized establishment within the present limits of Vermont," says Professor Thompson, "was made in 1724 by the erection of Fort Dummer in the south-eastern corner of the township cxlviii THE HORSES OF AMERICA of Brattleboro. Hitherto the whole of this tract of country had, from time immemorial, been in possession of the native Indians, though it does not appear that, subsequent to the discovery of this country by Champlain in 1609, the natives had ever resided here in very considerable numbers. The western parts, including Lake Champlain, were claimed by the Indians ; the north-eastern parts, including Lake Memphremagog, by the St. Francis and other Canadian tribes ; while the south-eastern parts on the Connecticut river were regarded as belonging to the natives in the neighborhood of Massachusetts Bay. Certain establishments were at times made upon the shores of these waters by several tribes ; but there is rea- son to believe that this territory was rather regarded by them as a hunting ground than a permanent residence." Soon after the erection of Fort Dummer several block-houses were built for the protection of settlers in what is now Vermont and before the year 1754 settlements had been commenced in Ver- mont as far up the Connecticut as Westminster and Rockingham. This advance was. checked by the breaking out of the French war, terminating only with the conquest of Canada in 1760. During this war these feeble settlements were continually harassed and annoyed by the French and Indians, the inhabitants being hardly able to cultivate their fields without being exposed to the. fire of a lurking foe. Their block-houses were frequently surprised and taken, and the inhabitants either massacred or carried into hopeless captivity. After the conquest of Canada settlements grew with surprising rapidity, especially along the Connecticut. Previous to 1770 there were next to no settlements on the west side of the mountains north of the parent county of Bennington. But during 1771 several settle- ments were begun in Rutland County. At the breaking out of the Revolution the population of Vermont is estimated at about 20,000. Nothing can more vividly portray the suddenness of the immigration, and the character of the newly arrived inhabitants, than this extract from a private letter of Gen. Burgoyne to Lord Germain, dated Saratoga, August 20, 1777: "The Hampshire Grants in particular, a country unpeopled and almost unknown in the last war, now abounds in the most active and rebellious race on the continent, and hangs like a gathering storm on my left." Vermont became early noted as a stock-growing State, and her horses were known abroad in the last century. In Oliphant's EARLY HORSE ADVERTISEMENTS cxlix History of the United States (l'".dinburgh, i8oo), in speaking of Vermont, the author says : " The domestic animals are horses and black cattle, to the breed- ing of which great attention has been paid of late ; jacks, mules and a very fair breed of sheep, which thrive nowhere perhaps better than in Vermont. * * * Some little trade is carried on with the Province of Quebec. The articles of export to Hartford, Boston and New York are horses, beef, pork, butter, cheese, wheat, flour, iron, nails, potash and pearlash." And Winterbottom in Historical Views of the United States (New York, 1796) says of Vermont: " Some of the finest beef cattle in the world are driven from this State. Horses also are raised for exportation." The proportion of early Vermonters that came from Connecticut was very large. The Connecticut River was the first great highway of immigration, and Hartford early became a favorite market for the new comers to the north. This was the region whose horses, especially the descendants of Ranger (Lindsey's Arabian) so strongly and favorably impressed Generals Washington and Lee in 1776, that they are said to have caused Col. Lindsey to purchase Ranger, and take him to Maryland and Virginia, for the improvement of a stock already famous. It was fortunate for the new settlements that they drew most of their early stock horses from this favored region, where choice strains of thoroughbred blood were very prevalent. The stal- lion advertisements in the Vermont Journal, published at Windsor, begin in 1784 for the east side of the mountain, and in the same season, for the west side, they appear in the Vermont Gazette, published at Bennington. We note all these advertisements, that give any clue to breeding or origin up to the year 1800, as being the best accessible index of the blood and character of the horses there bred, during that period. EARLY HORSE ADVERTISEMENTS. {TJie following are from the Vermojit Gazette, Published at Ben n ington , Vt. ) "Stolen, a light sorrel mare, six years old, 14 hands, with blaze in face ; trots single-footed, canters well." In the same number is: "Taken up a gray mare about 14 hands, about five years old, natural pacer." 1783 — "Strayed or stolen out of the pasture of Cephas Kent, cl THE HORSES OF AMERICA innholder in Dorset, dark brown mare about ten years old, about 14 hands, paces and trots, low carriage. Amos Fassett, Bennington, July i, 1783." " To be sold, the Young Raven, four years old, of the Wildair breed a horse of size and beauty. Erastus Sargent, Stockbridge, Mass., April 17, 1784." 1784 — The famous Wildair, in Adams until June 3, after that at Adams and Williamstown; got by the famous horse Wildair: dam full-blooded, by Lath. 1785 — At Bennington, the beautiful black horse, Bucephalus, bright black, near 15 hands, five years old, well built; seven-eighths blooded. $, to %2. ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ At Bennington, the elegant imported dark bay horse, Liberty, nine years old, 145^ hands high, well made and pedigree equal to 'any. At Mapletown (Mass.), imported bay horse, Goliah, bright bay, eleven years old, 15^ hands, full-blooded. Has been kept four years on Long Island. At Walloomsack (Mass.), beautiful dapple-gray horse, Baja- zett, seven-eights blooded, nine years old, 153^ hands; got by the imported horse Northumberland or L'ish Gray, so well known. 1786 — At Bennington, the elegant imported horse, Sampson, bright bay, good size, $i to $6. At Adams (Mass.) , the elegant horse Wildair ; got by Lath : dam by Hooker's old Wildair, and is the most elegant and best horse in New England. Stolen ! bay mare, 14 hands, natural trotter, also two horses, one 15 hands, the other 14^ hands. 1 787 — At Manchester. At the stable of Col. Keyes, Bold Selim, dark brown, near 16 hands, remarkably strong and well built; bred in New Jersey. 1788 — At Clarendon. The famous horse True Briton, seven years old, bright bay, full 15^ hands, genteel carriage and step. 1789 — At Sunderland, Tryall, chestnut sorrel, full-blooded, nine years old; got by imported Yorick: dam the imported mare Nancy Bywell, owned by James Lloyd, that ran with DeLancey's noted horse. Lath, at Warwick for ;^500 and distanced him in the second heat. This horse was brought from Maryland by Capt. James Hurd of New Jersey. Figure and appearance elegant. $2 to $5. Lemuel Bradley. EARLY IIORSR ADVEKTISEMliNTS cli. At Bennington, the beautiful imported horse, Peacock, black, 15 hands, equal in speed to any horse in the State. $I to $3. Samuel Robinson. At Shaftsbury, Hero, black, 15 hands. $1 to $4. Seth Hunt. At Bennington and Pownal. Young Courier, five years old, 16 hands, dark brown, trots and canters; got by Count de Grasse, b}- Wildair: dam full-blooded. 1790 — At Williamstown and Bennington, Wildair, five years old, 15^ hands high. At Williamstown, Mr. Sprague's beautiful horse. Snip, seven- eighths blooded, bay, 15 hands; by Young Wildair: dam by old Minister, a full-blooded horse kept in Philadelphia. ^4 to $8. 1 79 1 — At Sunderland, Janus, full-blooded, about 16 hands, has been kept for several years past in Westchester County, N. Y. At Pownal, Rainbow, chestnut, seven-eighths blooded, 15^ hands ; got by old Ranger. At Bennington and Pownal, Young Sampson, bay, three years old, canters and trots ; got by Walbridge's Sampson, an imported horse : dam full-blooded. At Bennington, Young Liberty, six years old, 1 5 ^^ hands ; bred by Elihu Smith of Clarendon ; got by old Liberty. At Mapletown and Bennington, Young Briton ; by Bold Briton ; 15 hands high, eight years old. At White Creek, N. Y., the full-blooded horse, Antelope; bred in New Jersey; bright chestnut, four years old, 15 hands; got by Janus, son of Fleetwood, by old Janus of Maryland : dam by Liberty of Maryland, that famous horse, that was sold for 700 pounds; grandam Guinea-water, by True Briton of New Jersey. $2 to $8. At Bennington, Sweeper, dark chestnut, 15^^ hands, full- blooded ; got by a colt of old Fearnaught in Virginia, from the imported mare. Miss Leeds, own sister to Nancy Bywell that beat Lath at Warwick, Maryland. At Shaftsbury, Abimileck, full-blooded. 1792 — At White Creek and Bennington, Fearnaught, 15 hands, sorrel; got by Young Briton: dam by Jo Miller. $1 to $4. At Vergennes, Junius ; got by imported Lath, swiftest horse ever imported to New York : dam by old Wildair, sent back to England from America. Dark bay, 16 hands. $2 to $4. It will be noticed that this horse is inbred to De Lancey's cele- brated staUions, Wildair and Lath. cliv THE HORSES OF AMERICA English Eclipse ; Sir Walter's dam, Nettletop, by imported Diomed ; foaled 1826. (Signed) SYLVESTER MiLLiMAN, 1832. {From The Tablet of The Times, Benjiingfon.) 1797 — Bucephalus, bred in Hartford, Conn. ; got by old Buceph- alus; bay, 15^ hands; foaled 1793; at Shaftsbury. Elias Huntington. Sweet Briar, bay, 1 5 ^ hands, imported, at Cambridge, Little White Creek and Shaftsbury. Joseph STEWART. Cincinnatus, full-blooded ; by old Cincinnatus; bay, 16 hands. MoSES Sage, Bennington, 1797. Bajazet and Venetian in New Hampshire. At Cambridge and Shaftsbury, Sweetbriar, imported, bay, 15 hands. At Bennington, the full-blooded horse, Cincinnatus, bright bay, 16 hands; got by old Cincinnatus. Lo}'al Hunter in Danby, Granville and Manchester, imported by Robert Brown of New York in 1796, full-blooded English Hunter, bright bay, black mane and tail, dark legs, a natural trotter, full 17 hands. $6 to $7. Sprightly Club at Williamstown. Herod Tioga, full-blooded, at Bennington, b}- D. Robinson. Bold American at Cambridge ; by imported Rockingham. In 1802 we have the Black Figure at Pawlet and Manchester, by a celebrated horse same name in New Jersey, 1^% hands. {From Vermont jfoicnial, published at ]]'indsor, Vt.) 1784 — Hero at Nonvich, Hanover and Lebanon: "Is a horse equal in beauty to any in this country; full 16 hands high ; trots and canters, and his character in Connecticut where he is known is unblemished. WiLLlAM BAXTER." The noted horse Young Snip, got by the noted horse Snip, which formerly belonged to Gov. Wentworth. $i and $2. Eben Wentworth. 1785 — The famous English horse Sampson: " For beauty, size and going, he is superior to any horse that has ever been brought into this part of the country. He was im- ported from England since the commencement of the late war. His character in Rhode Island and Connecticut where he is known, is un- blemished, and his colts universally esteemed. 15 and 18 shillings: Joseph Hatch." EARL V HORSE AD VER TISEMENTS civ 1786 — The beautiful dapple-gray horse, Moravian, at Wood- stock : " Moravian is equal in strength, carriage and activity to any horse in this country. His sire was the noted Aloravian horse former- ly owned by Mr. Chandler of Windham in the State of Connecticut. Well known for getting fine colts. Terms $i. PAUL TODD." 1787 — An elegant horse from the noted Smiling Ball, is adver- tised. (Smiling Ball was a Narragansett pacer). 1788 — Bold Hovey, at Bridgewater. "He is a horse equal for beauty, carriage and activity to any in this country. His sire was the noted English horse of the same name owned in Connecticut. $1 and $2. Elisha Gillett." Roaring Lion, 17 hands high, trots light and genteel, bright bay, formerly owned by Col. Coggswell of Gilmanton, N. H. Joseph Smith. 1790 — The beautiful young horse Peacock, in Hartland and Windsor. He is a colt from the famous English horse of that name, imported by Gov. Wentworth, and is a great likeness of his sire. Governor Benning Went^vorth was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 1696; graduated at Harvard in 171 5, and died at Ports- mouth, 1770. He was son of Lieutenant Gov. John Wentworth, born at Portsmouth, 1671, whose father William Wentworth was born in Lincolnshire, England, 161 5, and died in Dover, N. H., 1697. -^11 the Went^vorths in the United States are descended from William. Governor Went^vorth became a merchant in Portsmouth, and accumulated quite a property. In 1741 when New Hampshire was made a distinct province, he became its governor, and remained so until 1767. This information is from Appletons' Cyclopaedia of American Biography. In Hartland, the Young Ranger. 1 79 1 — In Hanover, the Roving Lion. 1792 — In Hartford, a beautiful horse called Grayhound. In Strafford, the Young Racer 1793 — In Williamstown, the beautiful full-blooded horse Snip. Also the young horse Weasel : "Weasel is a bay horse got by Weasel, a colt of old True Briton an imported horse. His dam is a full-blooded mare, and is the same that brought the Russel Horse, or the Wildair." This statement that True Briton was imported, as well also the fact that dam was of the DeLancey stock, is strong evidence that civi THE HORSES OF AMERICA this True Briton was the one imported by Capt. De Lancey, and sire of the original Morgan horse. Old Racer, dapple-gray, at stable of Col. Asahel Chamberlin in Strafford. In Woodstock, the Young Weasel lately brought from the State of New York. He is a beautiful chestnut, well proportioned, and his carriage is easy and elegant. Shadrack Darby. IJ94 — In Reading, the Young Arabian, got by an imported horse, the noted old Arabian. He is of a beautiful dapple-gray color; his carriage is elegant; his proportions perfect. William N. Stone. In Plainf\eld, the Geer horse. William Dean. In Jericho, Wildair, the noted bright bay horse, 15 >^ hands high and every way well proportioned. Lately from the southward. Martin Chittenden. The beautiful full-blooded horse, well known in the county of Worcester and the parts adjacent by the name of Hyder Ally; eight years old, 16 hands high. Isaac Chaddock, Randolph. The beautiful full-blooded horse, Eclipse, in Westminster and Walpole : "Eclipse was brought by Gen. Bradley from the Southern States where he was imported, is t^velve years old, I5 3< hands, bright bay, completely proportioned, and his movement is as graceful and elegant as the sea in its gentlest motion." Bay Richmond. At Reuben Blanchard's stable, Peacham, stands that o-ood, delicate and well-bred horse known by the name of Bay Richmond. He is a full-blooded horse, a beautiful bright bay ; he was brought from Virginia four years since, has stood at Hartford Conn., and in Massachusetts. 179- — At Norwich, the elegant English hunting horse Rock- ingham, a beautiful bay, full 16 hands high, moves well, carries lofty and Cray and is six years old this spring. His sire was old Rocking- ham, imported from England by Col. Taylor in 1786. His dam got by the imported horse Bay Richmond, from Person Nevling's English mare. Flora. ROSWELL Olcutt. At Woodstock, the beautiful horse Foxbury, * * * Fox- burv is lately from Virginia ; is now five years old. His sire was old Cub imported from England. His grandsire was old Belgrade, one of the most noted hunters in the north of England. His color is a beautiful bay ; his height is 16 hands 2 inches; his body and EARLY HORSE ADVERTISEMENTS clvii limbs are well made, completely joined and proportioned. His goings are elegant and easy ; he is swift in the race. $2 to $4. At Orford, N. H., the beautiful horse, Young Ranger, hand- some, gay, young, well built, strong and proves very sure of the likeliest colts in Middletown in Connecticut and in this country. He is of the noted Hartford horse breed, and stood last season in Thet- ford and Newbury. John Mason, Jr. At Woodstock, that beautiful and noted horse Young Gray- hound; 6 to 12 shillings. THOMAS Ellis, Jr. At Thetford, The Rainbow, a full-blooded red roan horse, full 15 hands high; carries loftily and moves beautifully, and is five years old this spring. He was got by the beautiful Selim, formerly owned by Josiah Bond of Conway. 10 to 30 shillings. Adoniram Smallev. At Royalton, the beautiful horse Macaroni, 151^ hands high ; is a beautiful leopard; is a lofty, beautiful moving horse; was got by old Ranger, or Moravian horse, whose colts were so well known in Connecticut. $iJ:o $5. TiLLEY Parkhurst. At Hartland, the famous horse known by the name of Milti- more. John S. Willard. At Newbury, that elegant, nervous, full-blooded horse Hy- der Ally, the property of Col. Porter. Hyder Ally is a blood bay, nine years old; about 16 hands high; well proportioned. For beauty, spirits, strength or speed he is not surpassed by any horse in New England. He was bred by John Phillips, Esq., in New Jersey, and got by the noted full-blooded horse. Liberty, bred by Thomas Grant, Esq., of Maryland. Liberty's dam was Milly, the dam of True Briton; a beautiful thoroughbred mare originally - sprung from the Flying Childers in England and got by the imported horse, Dove. The Hyder Ally's dam was Dido, bred by John Schenck, Esq. , of New Jersey. She was got by the full-blooded horse, Arabian, got by old Wildair, imported from and afterwards returned to England. Dido's dam was Juniper, from Primrose ; her grandam by Othello; her great -grandam by Gen, Ogle's Barb. $4 to $6. 1796 — At Hartland, the noted horse. Hermit. He was got by old Liberty, a celebrated imported English horse. His dam was got by the famous Bulrock : dam by Wildeer. Sixteen hands ; beautiful dark bay ; colts have been sold from $700 to $1300 the past year. Sire of Slippery Whiskey and Cub. $5 to $12. Roger Enos. clviii THE HORSES OF AMERICA Hermit is advertised in Northampton (Mass.) Gazette, 1795, described as 15 ]A hands ; bred in Virginia. Has been kept on Long Island and in Connecticut. Sire of Useful Cub. At Randolph and Brookfield, the beautiful black horse Arethel- low ; six years old ; 15^ hands ; of great spirit, activity, beauty and strength ; got by the noted horse, Recovery, also known as the Pool Horse, now owned by Dr. Jared Dyer, Canterbury, Conn. Terms, $5. JOHN HATCH, Jr. At Reading, The Leopard, beautiful dapple gray; of mid- dling size ; got by the famous Bulrock : dam by Wildeer. Claimed as sire of Slippery Whiskey and Cub. George Sturdevant. At Windsor, Bucephalus, the beautiful full-blooded horse ; also a full-blooded English horse got by the Bucephalus from the best English mare in Connecticut, where he was kept four years. $5 to $12. At Plainfield, the noted gray horse got by the old Raven Drag, a full-blooded English horse in Philadelphia. Jacob Smith. At Randolph, that full-blooded horse. Herald; beautiful bay; good figure, handsome carriage ; about 1 5 hands ; got by the well- known Russia horse, which was got by the old imported Wildair, from a full-blooded bay mare. Herald's dam by old Liberty. $2 to $5. Jonathan Durkee. At Norwich, the high-bred horse, America ; got by the noted imported horse. Recovery, famed the most of any horse ever on the continent for beauty and as a sire. Dam full-blooded mare after old Ranger. America is six years old, bright bay, 16 hands. $4 to $6. John Hatch. At Woodstock, Atlas ; by Recovery : dam the noted Putnam Mare. At Royalton, Young Macaroni again; also the noted horse Fox, by Bedford, by Wildair; also Cardinal W^oolsey or Hough Horse at Lebanon. 1797 — Young Prince; bred by A. Hatch, Norwich; got by Recovery; chestnut, 15^^ hands. J. HATCH, Norwich. Recovery at Walpole at $20; by Tartar, by old Tartar, etc. He was imported from England, is 16 hands and has been kept for four years by Dr. Jared Jones of Canterbury. Newmarket at the same stable ; got by Recovery ; also Repub- lican by Recovery. W. Dyer, Walpole. EARLY HORSE ADVERTISEMENTS clix The Figure, about fourteen years old, dark bay, 151^^ hands; raised in Virginia and seven-eighths blooded. Joel Tilden, S. Bingham, Lebanon, 1797. Cardinal Woolsey is advertised by the same parties ; dark bay, 16^ hands. Young Wildeer at Randolph and Brookfield ; by old Wildeer that was kept at Keene six years : dam imported by Timothy Wil- liams of Watertown. Old Hermit at Pomfret. Young Nimrod at Montpelier, bay, 16 hands, seven-eighths blooded. David Wixg. Old Valiant; by imported Lath at Pomfret. Beautiful horse, Vulture, bay, 15^ hands, brought from the southward last fall, at Hartland. J. WiLLARD. Grand Turk in Windsor and Reading; by Recovery: dam, the celebrated Rockwell mare; foaled 1792 ; bay, black points, 16 hands. Grayhound in Weathersfield and Windsor; got by the much- famed horse, Smiling Star: dam, the gray mare Smilax; foaled 1793; dapple gray. JOHN FARLEY. 1797 — Cathullon; by Roebuck of Hardwick, Mass. ; he by Joe Miller, imported from England by Brigadier Ruggles : dam, Gold- dust, imported at the same time with Joe Miller, grandam, Nancy Dawson, etc. W. C. ARNOLD, St. Johnsbury. Scueball ; foaled 1790; 151^ hands, chestnut. J. Streeter, Hartford. Othello, black ; by Recovery ; in Chelsea. John Hatch. Marquis; foaled 1794; by Recovery, and Curdon, also by Re- covery. WlLLlAiM Dean, Plainfield. America ; by Recovery ; at Norwich. 1798 — Mountain Leader, chestnut, 16)^ hands; kept at Provi- dence, R. L, last season. T. Peck, St. Johnsbury. At the same place, Pilgrim, nine years old this grass. Imported horse Figure, 16 hands, at Hartford. T. W. Pitkin. True Figure, bay, 15^ hands, at Reading and Woodstock. Nathan Hibbard, Jr. Liberty; recommended by parties in Massachusetts; foaled 1792 ; got by imported Liberty: dam by Bulrock. C. Bard well. clx THE HORSES OF AMERICA Wildeer; bred in Virginia; IS^^ hands, bay. J. Streeter, Hartford. Young Arabian, gray; foaled 1793 ; in Hartland and Woodstock. Old Hermit; advertised by O. Hutchinson, Pomfret. The celebrated horse Pilot in Bradford, bay, 15 hands. MiCAH Barron, Bradford. Also by the same, Venerable, 16^ hands, bay; foaled 1793. Young Bajazet. C. CURTiS, Royalton. Joe Miller in Windsor and Reading. 1799 — At Hartford, the Faithful Champion full-blooded bay, 16 hands ; bred in Pennsylvania. At Windsor, Janus a beautiful, full-blooded horse. At Windsor, the noted chestnut horse John Miller. At Hartland, Black and AU Black, full-blooded English, nearly 16 hands. One of the swiftest horses in America. "The beautiful, full-blooded horse called the Zanthus will cover, the ensuing season at the stable of the subscriber at Hartford, at the moderate price of $4 the season, and to ensure as the parties may agree. Zanthus is a bright bay, four years old this spring; was got by that noted imported horse called the Figure, but I shall not trouble the public with a long detail of his pedigree; be it sufficient to say that he is out of the most reputed line of horses in all Europe. I shall not give a particular description of the said horse, but wish those who wish to improve their horses to call and see him, and I doubt not they will agree with me in say- ing that he is equal in beauty, loftiness and activity to any ever kept in the State. Payment made easy, and pay day such as shall be wished for, and every attention paid by Jesse Dutton." " The elegant, full-bred, imported horse, Figure, will be kept at the stable of Capt. Lovell in Newbury. $4 to $6. Thomas W. Pitkin". {From the Washingtoniaii, published at Wiiielsor.) 1811 — Hunting stud horse Young Touchstone, 16-3; bred in New Jersey; by imported Hunter, Touchstone; also Balloon by imported Highflyer. W. JARVIS, Weathersfield. Punch, lately brought into this country by W. Jarvis — in Chel- sea— by old Punch, dam by Eclipse. The Forester, 16 hands; got by Killdeer of Scotland, at Weathersfield, etc. — advertised by D. JONES. 18 1 2— Touchstone and Sea Gull, full blood. EARL V HORSE AD VER TJSEMENTS dxi ( lu-oiii ] I 'ill dsor Journal. ) 1822— New Jersey Colt; bred in New Jersey; got by imported Dorchester, etc., 16% hands. \\(t has covered 317 mares in the past two seasons. VVm. Walker, Hartland. Goldfinder, formerly owned by Clement Chase of Cornish; got by Young Quicksilver, $2 and $3. Stephen Cole, Cornish. Slow and Easy; bred in Rhode Island; got by Young Traveler; owned by Charles West, Providence ; by imported Traveler : Young Traveler's dam a turf mare. Slow and Easy was foaled by a beauti- ful blood bay, full-blooded Dutch mare, known by the name of Slow and Easy, bred by Judge Vanderloop of Claverack, N. Y., and sold at $300. Beautiful blood bay, 16 hands, short back, short jointed, flat limbs, six years old. To be kept at Plainfield, Lebanon and Hartford. SiMOxN Smith. Young Magnum Bonum at Hanover and Shrewsbury; by im- ported Magnum Bonum ; 17 hands. Walpole at Woodstock. G. Dennison, Hartland. 1823 — Walpole and Slow and Easy again. Killdeer at Springfield, Reading, Cavendish and Chester at '^x to $6. ^^ American Eagle at Woodstock, Weathersfield and Hartland; coal black, i6>^ hands; got by the noted New Jersey Colt from pure- blooded English mare. Purchased at $500. 1824— Elegant and active horse Diomede at Hartford and Norwich four years old; got by the full-blooded English horse Diomede. j^^iES Tr^cY. 1825 — Trinkelow at Windsor, Cavendish, etc., etc. D. Hicks. {From Spooner's Vermont Journal, Windsor.) 1805 — King Herod. i8o6-'o7 — None. 1808 — Young Sweepstakes in Hartland. 1809 — None. 1 8 10— Young Black Prince, late from Canada, by imported Black Prince at Hartland. 1 8 10 — Young Black Prince, late from Connecticut, will be kept this season, till the 15th of July, for covering, in Hartland, at the following stables, viz. : at Mr. Zebulon Lee's on Saturdays and Mon- days, at Mr. Lyman Child's Tuesdays, and at Mr. Laban Webster's clxii THE HORSES OF AMERICA Wednesdays in each week. Said horse was three years old last June and was got by the noted horse Black Prince of old Hartford, Conn., imported by Captain Ramsey from Europe, whose stock has proved to exceed any other breed of horses in the country for the harness